China S Middle Class

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China’s Middle Class

Li Youmei
China s Middle Class Book PDF

Author : Li Youmei
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 257 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2021-05-12
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781000388169

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China’s Middle Class by Li Youmei Pdf

This book is a collection of empirical studies on China’s middle class from top-ranking Chinese sociologists, discussing this newly identified social stratum with regard to the basic concept and scope of the group, its functions, formation, identity, consumption, behavior patterns and value system. As the first study of its kind, the analysis of most chapters is based on a rich body of empirical data gathered from rigorous large-scale surveys designed specifically for the Chinese middle class across megacities including Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou. The book traces the complex and dynamic formation process of China’s middle class from different perspectives while dealing with issues of social concern such as “rigid social stratification”. The findings shed light on the underlying logic of structural change in Chinese society over several recent decades, with significant policy implications. The book will attract sociologists, students and policymakers interested in social structure, social transformation and middle-income groups in China.

China's Emerging Middle Class

Cheng Li
China s Emerging Middle Class Book PDF

Author : Cheng Li
Publisher : Brookings Institution Press
Page : 417 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780815704058

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China's Emerging Middle Class by Cheng Li Pdf

Decades ago, there was no distinct middle class in the People's Republic of China. Any meaningful discussion of China's economy, politics, or society must take into account the rapid emergence and explosive growth of the Chinese middle class. This book details the origins and characteristics of this dramatic change.

Middle Class Shanghai

Cheng Li
Middle Class Shanghai Book PDF

Author : Cheng Li
Publisher : Brookings Institution Press
Page : 488 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2021-05-11
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780815739104

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Middle Class Shanghai by Cheng Li Pdf

The United States may be headed toward a disastrous conflict with China unless Washington updates its understanding of contemporary Chinese society After four decades of engagement, the United States and China now appear to be locked on a collision course that has already fomented a trade war, seems likely to produce a new cold war, and could even result in dangerous military conflict. The current deterioration of the bilateral relationship is the culmination of years of disputes, disillusionment, disappointment, and distrust between the two countries. Washington has legitimate concerns about Beijing's excessive domestic political control and aggressive foreign policy stances, just as Chinese leaders believe the United States still has futile designs on blocking their country's inevitable rise to great-power status. Cheng Li's Middle Class Shanghai argues that American policymakers must not lose sight of the expansive dynamism and diversity in present-day China. The caricature of the PRC as a monolithic Communist apparatus set on exporting its ideology and development model is simplistic and misguided. Drawing on empirical research in the realms of higher education, avant-garde art, architecture, and law, this unique study highlights the strong, constructive impact of bilateral exchanges. Combining eclectic human stories with striking new data analysis, this book addresses the possibility that the development of China's class structure and cosmopolitan culture—exemplified and led by Shanghai—could provide a force for reshaping U.S.-China engagement. Both countries should build upon the deep cultural and educational exchanges that have bound them together for decades. The author concludes that U.S. policymakers should neither underestimate the role and strength of the Chinese middle class, nor ostracize or alienate this force with policies that push it toward jingoistic nationalism to the detriment of both countries and the global community. With its unique focus, this book will enlighten policymakers, scholars, business leaders, and anyone interested in China and its increasingly fraught relations with the United States.

Rising Middle Classes in China

Li Chunling
Rising Middle Classes in China Book PDF

Author : Li Chunling
Publisher : Paths International Ltd
Page : 244 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2012-04-01
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781844640904

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Rising Middle Classes in China by Li Chunling Pdf

This key new book gathers together the latest research results from renowned Chinese scholars who have comprehensively examined the formation of China's middle class. The coverage takes in key background issues, socioeconomic status and sociopolitical functions, the definition, values, social attitudes, income and consumption characteristics of China's rapidly expanding middle class.

The Making of the Chinese Middle Class

Jean-Louis Rocca
The Making of the Chinese Middle Class Book PDF

Author : Jean-Louis Rocca
Publisher : Springer
Page : 281 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2016-11-07
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781137393395

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The Making of the Chinese Middle Class by Jean-Louis Rocca Pdf

This book analyses the making of the Chinese middle class that started in the 1990s using a constructivist approach. With the development of the Chinese economy, a new group of middle wage earners appeared. Chinese social scientists and state institutions promoted the idea that China needs a middle class to achieve modernization. Middle class members are defined—and define themselves—as good consumers, educated people, politically engaged but reasonable citizens. As such, the making of the middle class is the result of three convergent phenomena: an attempt to define the middle class, a process of civilization, and the development of protest movements. The making of the Chinese middle class, Rocca argues, is a way to end the stalemate that modern Chinese society is facing, in particular the necessity to democratize without introducing an election system.

The New Middle Class in China

E. Tsang
The New Middle Class in China Book PDF

Author : E. Tsang
Publisher : Springer
Page : 207 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2014-05-29
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781137297440

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The New Middle Class in China by E. Tsang Pdf

Based on interviews with entrepreneurs, professionals and regional party cadres' from a range of age groups, this book argues that Western class categories do not directly apply to China and that the Chinese new middle class is distinguished more by socio-cultural than by economic factors.

Global China

Tarun Chhabra,Rush Doshi,Ryan Hass
Global China Book PDF

Author : Tarun Chhabra,Rush Doshi,Ryan Hass
Publisher : Brookings Institution Press
Page : 430 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2021-06-22
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780815739173

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Global China by Tarun Chhabra,Rush Doshi,Ryan Hass Pdf

The global implications of China's rise as a global actor In 2005, a senior official in the George W. Bush administration expressed the hope that China would emerge as a “responsible stakeholder” on the world stage. A dozen years later, the Trump administration dramatically shifted course, instead calling China a “strategic competitor” whose actions routinely threaten U.S. interests. Both assessments reflected an underlying truth: China is no longer just a “rising” power. It has emerged as a truly global actor, both economically and militarily. Every day its actions affect nearly every region and every major issue, from climate change to trade, from conflict in troubled lands to competition over rules that will govern the uses of emerging technologies. To better address the implications of China's new status, both for American policy and for the broader international order, Brookings scholars conducted research over the past two years, culminating in a project: Global China: Assessing China's Growing Role in the World. The project is intended to furnish policy makers and the public with hard facts and deep insights for understanding China's regional and global ambitions. The initiative draws not only on Brookings's deep bench of China and East Asia experts, but also on the tremendous breadth of the institution's security, strategy, regional studies, technological, and economic development experts. Areas of focus include the evolution of China's domestic institutions; great power relations; the emergence of critical technologies; Asian security; China's influence in key regions beyond Asia; and China's impact on global governance and norms. Global China: Assessing China's Growing Role in the World provides the most current, broad-scope, and fact-based assessment of the implications of China's rise for the United States and the rest of the world.

Middle Class China

David S. G. Goodman,Minglu Chen
Middle Class China Book PDF

Author : David S. G. Goodman,Minglu Chen
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
Page : 219 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2013-01-01
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781781005712

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Middle Class China by David S. G. Goodman,Minglu Chen Pdf

A general expectation has developed that ChinaÕs middle class will generate not only social but also political change. This expectation often overlooks the reality that there is no single Chinese middle class with a common identity or will to action. This timely volume examines the behaviour and identity of the different elements of ChinaÕs middle class Ð entrepreneurs, managers, and professionals Ð in order to understand their centrality to the wider processes of social and political change in China. The expert contributors seek to identify the social space occupied by the Chinese middle class rather than identifying social backgrounds and attitudes. In so doing they explore socio-political issues, the development of a consumer society, relationships between gender and class in the workplace, home-ownership and the appearance of gated communities, and the political interaction between the Party-state and the entrepreneurial middle classes and their impact on the new institutional economics. Providing a more nuanced understanding of the structure of the middle class in China and identifying dynamic elements in their behaviour, this unique book will prove a fascinating and thought provoking read for academics, students and researchers with an interest in Asian studies and public policy.

The Rise of the Middle Class in Contemporary China

Hainan Su,Hong Wang,Fenglin Chang
The Rise of the Middle Class in Contemporary China Book PDF

Author : Hainan Su,Hong Wang,Fenglin Chang
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 347 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2023-01-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9789811950995

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The Rise of the Middle Class in Contemporary China by Hainan Su,Hong Wang,Fenglin Chang Pdf

This book portrays the middle class in contemporary China with plain language and precise professional knowledge in an all-round, broad and responsible way from the perspectives of income, property, profession, education, consumption, investment, physiological and behavioral characteristics, history and development. It gives, in a logical order, the reasons for stimulating the rise of the middle class in contemporary China. It emphatically describes what the middle class is and what the middle class in contemporary China looks like. It also analyzes whether the middle class can rise in China and sheds light on the basic thinking, medium and long-term goals, main measures and current work priorities for achieving full rise of the middle class in contemporary China. As China becomes the world's largest economy, the new middle class will be the Chinese people facing the world; as such, this book will be of interest to sociologists, sinologists, political scientists, and economists.

Being Middle Class in China

Ying Miao
Being Middle Class in China Book PDF

Author : Ying Miao
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 150 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2016-11-25
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781317284741

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Being Middle Class in China by Ying Miao Pdf

Many studies of the Chinese middle class focus on defining it and viewing its significance for economic development and its potential for sociopolitical modernisation. This book goes beyond such objective approaches and considers middle class people’s subjective understanding and diverse experiences of class. Based on extensive original research including social surveys and detailed interviews, the book explores who the middle class think they are, what they think about a wide range of socioeconomic and sociopolitical issues, and why they think as they do. It examines attitudes towards the welfare state, social inequality, nationalism, relations with foreign countries and opinions on many social controversies, thereby portraying middle class people as more than simply luxury consumers and potential agents of democracy. The book concludes that a clear class identity and political consciousness have yet to emerge, but that middle class attitudes are best characterised as searching for a balance between old and new, the traditional and the foreign, the principled and the pragmatic.

The Middle Class in Neoliberal China

Hai Ren
The Middle Class in Neoliberal China Book PDF

Author : Hai Ren
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 210 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2013-02-11
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781136169403

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The Middle Class in Neoliberal China by Hai Ren Pdf

Since the late 1970s, China’s move towards neoliberalism has made it not only one of the world’s fastest growing economies, but also one of the most polarised states. This economic, social and political transformation has led to the emergence of a new Chinese middle class, and understanding the development and the role of this new social group is crucial to understanding contemporary Chinese society. Investigating the new politics of the middle class in China, this book addresses three major questions. First, how does the Chinese state deal with problems of national sovereignty and political representation to create the middle class both as a legitimate category of the people and as an ideal norm of citizenship? Second, how does the recognition of the middle class norm take place in the practice of everyday life? Finally, what kind of risks does the politics of the middle class generate not only for middle class subjects but also for the disenfranchised? In answering these questions, this book examines a set of practices, bodies of knowledge, measures, and institutions that aim to manage, govern, control, and orient the behaviours, gestures, and thoughts of Chinese citizens. This investigation contributes not only to the understanding of the Chinese middle class society but also to the scholarly debate over the relationship between governmental apparatuses, subjectification, and life-building. Drawing on ethnographic information, historical archives, and the media, this book will be of great interest to students and scholars working in the fields of Chinese studies, Chinese politics, ethnic studies and urban studies, as well as those interested in culture, society, class and welfare.

China: Surpassing the “Middle Income Trap”

Shaojie Zhou,Angang Hu
China Surpassing the Middle Income Trap Book PDF

Author : Shaojie Zhou,Angang Hu
Publisher : Palgrave Macmillan
Page : 218 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2020-10-06
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9811565392

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China: Surpassing the “Middle Income Trap” by Shaojie Zhou,Angang Hu Pdf

This open access book explores one of the most fiercely debated issues in China: if and how China will surpass the middle income trap that has plagued many developing countries for years. This book gives readers a clear picture of China today and acts as a reference for other developing countries. China is facing many setbacks and experiencing an economic slowdown in recent years due to some serious issues, and income inequality is one such issue deferring China’s development potential by creating a middle income trap. This book thoroughly investigates both the unpromising factors and favorable conditions for China to overcome the trap. It illustrates that traps may be encountered at any stage of development and argues that political stability is the prerequisite to creating a favorable environment for economic development and addressing this “middle income trap”. Written by one of China's central planners, this book offers precious insights into the industrial policies that are transforming China and the world and will be of interest to China scholars, economists and political scientists.

Under Pressure: The Squeezed Middle Class

OECD
Under Pressure The Squeezed Middle Class Book PDF

Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 167 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2019-05-01
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789264150348

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Under Pressure: The Squeezed Middle Class by OECD Pdf

Middle-class households feel left behind and have questioned the benefits of economic globalisation.

China's Housing Middle Class

Beibei Tang
China s Housing Middle Class Book PDF

Author : Beibei Tang
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 160 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2017-10-25
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781351630023

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China's Housing Middle Class by Beibei Tang Pdf

Home ownership plays a significant role in locating the middle class in most western societies, associated with market, consumerism, democracy and “people like us”, the significant features of the middle class for any society. In China, private home ownership was not the norm from 1949, when the Chinese Communist Party took power, until the 1990s. In the past three decades, however, there has been a fast growing housing consumption and private homeowners have become the most significantly changing aspect of Chinese urban life. In particular, the rise of gated communities has become a predominant feature of the urban landscape. Similar to their western counterparts, the gated communities in China exemplify “high status” symbols with enclosed and restricted residential areas, exclusive community parks and recreational facilities, and professional management and security services. But different from western societies where gated communities usually represent luxurious lifestyles only limited to a small group of people, in urban China gated communities have become one major form of supply in the housing market and one of the most popular and desirable choices for homebuyers. Private home ownership and residency in gated communities, altogether characterize the most significant aspect of comfort living and distinct lifestyles of China’s new middle classes who have successfully got ahead in the socialist market economy. This book examines the formation of “China’s housing middle class”. It develops a theoretical argument about, and provides empirical evidence of the heterogeneity of China’s new middle class, which underlines the relations between the state, market and life chances under a socialist market economy. As such it will be of huge interest to students and scholars of Chinese society, sociology and politics.

A Middle Class Without Democracy

Jie Chen
A Middle Class Without Democracy Book PDF

Author : Jie Chen
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2013-03-19
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780199324088

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A Middle Class Without Democracy by Jie Chen Pdf

What kind of role can the middle class play in potential democratization in such an undemocratic, late developing country as China? To answer this profound political as well as theoretical question, Jie Chen explores attitudinal and behavioral orientation of China's new middle class to democracy and democratization. Chen's work is based on a unique set of data collected from a probability-sample survey and in-depth interviews of residents in three major Chinese cities, Beijing, Chengdu and Xi'an--each of which represents a distinct level of economic development in urban China-in 2007 and 2008. The empirical findings derived from this data set confirm that (1) compared to other social classes, particularly lower classes, the new Chinese middle class-especially those employed in the state apparatus-tends to be more supportive of the current Party-state but less supportive of democratic values and institutions; (2) the new middle class's attitudes toward democracy may be accounted for by this class's close ideational and institutional ties with the state, and its perceived socioeconomic wellbeing, among other factors; (3) the lack of support for democracy among the middle class tends to cause this social class to act in favor of the current state but in opposition to democratic changes. The most important political implication is that while China's middle class is not likely to serve as the harbinger of democracy now, its current attitudes toward democracy may change in the future. Such a crucial shift in the middle class's orientation toward democracy can take place, especially when its dependence on the Party-state decreases and perception of its own social and economic statuses turns pessimistic. The key theoretical implication from the findings suggests that the attitudinal and behavioral orientations of the middle class-as a whole and as a part-toward democratic change in late developing countries are contingent upon its relationship with the incumbent state and its perceived social/economic wellbeing, and the middle class's support for democracy in these countries is far from inevitable.