Climate Change Himalayan Informatics

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CLIMATE CHANGE & HIMALAYAN INFORMATICS

J. Sundaresan,P. Gupta,K. M. Santosh,R. Boojh
CLIMATE CHANGE HIMALAYAN INFORMATICS Book PDF

Author : J. Sundaresan,P. Gupta,K. M. Santosh,R. Boojh
Publisher : Scientific Publishers
Page : 197 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2013-01-01
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789386237651

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CLIMATE CHANGE & HIMALAYAN INFORMATICS by J. Sundaresan,P. Gupta,K. M. Santosh,R. Boojh Pdf

Geodynamic process during the rapid growth ofHimalayahas holistic imprints of Climate Change in this region. “Climate Change & Himalayan Informatics” is an account of dedicated contribution for the above imprints. Impact of climate change is examined in this book for the ongoing process of rapid urbanization of the hinterlands ofHimalaya. It consists four sessions and seventeen chapters. Mass balance of glaciers in ChandrabasinofHimalayais presented as a predictive tool for spatially distributed estimates of mass balance of glaciers. An effective tool to identify and locate multiple natural hazards due to climate change inHimalayaespecially landslides and glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) is part of the book. Impacts of climate change on cropping strategies by mountain communities are ascribed in the session “socio-economic perspectives”. Information on ecologically and economically important plant species inHimalayathat have greater tolerance in drought, discussed in this book, is significant in the perspectives of global warming. A specific species is identified as an indicator of climate change forEastern Himalaya. Climatic impacts on different regional eco systems ofHimalayahad implications on ecological, cultural and socio economic process of the region. Multidimensional decision support system is essential for mitigation and adaptation for such implications. Present book consists studies from north to eastern part ofHimalaya. This will be beneficial to researchers, student, managers and administrators associated with Mountain ecosystem and Climate Change.

Climate Change & Himalayan Informatics

J. Sundaresan
Climate Change Himalayan Informatics Book PDF

Author : J. Sundaresan
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 197 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : Climatic changes
ISBN : 8172338465

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Climate Change & Himalayan Informatics by J. Sundaresan Pdf

Geodynamic process during the rapid growth of himalaya has holistic imprints of climate change in this regin. " climate change & himalayan informatics" is an account of dedicated contribution for the above imprints. Impact of climate change is examined in this book for the ongoing process of rapid urbanization of the hinterlands of himalaya. It consists four sessions and seventeen chapters. Mass balance of glaciers in chandra basin of himalaya is presented as a predictive tool for spatially distributed estimates of mass balance of glaciers. An effective tool to identify and locate multiple natural hazards due to climate change in himalaya especially landslides and glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) is part of the book. Impact of climate change on cropping strategies by mountain communities are ascribed in the session "socio-economic perspectives". Information on ecologically and economically important plant species in himalaya that have greater tolerance in drought, discussed in this book, is significant in the perspectives of global warming. A specific species is identified as an indicator of climate change for eastern himalaya. Climatic impacts on different regional eco systems of himalaya had implications on ecological, cultural and socio economic process of the region.Multidimensional decision support system is essential for mitigation an adaptation for such implications. Present book consists studies from north to eastern part of himalaya. This will be beneficial to researchers, student, managers and administrators associated with mountain ecosystem and climate change.

Biodiversity Hotspot of the Himalaya

T. Pullaiah
Biodiversity Hotspot of the Himalaya Book PDF

Author : T. Pullaiah
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 539 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2024-07-05
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781000988482

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Biodiversity Hotspot of the Himalaya by T. Pullaiah Pdf

Biodiversity is declining at an alarming rate due to anthropogenic activities around the world. This book is the second volume in the new series Biodiversity Hotspots of the World, which highlights the 36 hotspot regions of the world, regions that have been designated as reaping maximum benefit from preservation efforts. This series is our humble attempt to document these hotspots as a conservation and preservation measure. The concise volumes in this series focus on the most interesting and important properties of these hotspots, covering physiography and climatology; vegetation and forest types; amphibian and reptile biodiversity; genetic diversity of crops, plants, fishes, butterflies, insects, birds, mammals, angiosperms, and gymnosperms; and much more. And of course, the unique threats and conservation efforts for the areas are addressed as well. The Himalayan Mountains are the highest mountain range in the world and include Mount Everest as well as eight other highest peaks of the world. While it is difficult to document the biodiversity of this inhospitable terrain, we do know that out of the 9,000 different species of plants recorded in the area, 3,500 plants are endemic to the Eastern Himalaya region. Anthropogenic activities including deforestation, fragmentation of habitats, pollution, high population, climate change, and poaching of wildlife pose serious threats to the biodiversity of the region. The highlands have exceptionally rich biodiversity, high endemism, and over 160 globally threatened species, including the densest population of Bengal tigers and the three largest herbivores on the continent: the Asian elephant, greater one-horned rhinoceros, and wild water buffalo. The region boasts the world’s richest counts of alpine flora within its temperate broad-leaved forests, with a total of 10,000 species of plants. This volume, Biodiversity Hotspot of the Himalayas, as well as the other volumes in this series, will be essential resources for researchers and practitioners in the fields of conservation biology, ecology, and evolution as the series concisely records the existing biodiversity of these hotspots of the world.

CLIMATE CHANGE AND HIMALAYA : NATURAL HAZARDS AND MOUNTAIN RESOURCES

P. Gupta,J. Sundaresan,R. Boojh,K. M. Santosh
CLIMATE CHANGE AND HIMALAYA NATURAL HAZARDS AND MOUNTAIN RESOURCES Book PDF

Author : P. Gupta,J. Sundaresan,R. Boojh,K. M. Santosh
Publisher : Scientific Publishers
Page : 262 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2014-01-01
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789386237309

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CLIMATE CHANGE AND HIMALAYA : NATURAL HAZARDS AND MOUNTAIN RESOURCES by P. Gupta,J. Sundaresan,R. Boojh,K. M. Santosh Pdf

The book “Climate Change and Himalaya- Natural hazards and mountain resources” presents the resources of Himalaya along with the potential natural hazards. It consists twenty two chapters from researchers working in different institutions with multi disciplinary approach. More than seven hundred glaciers were monitored and discussed in one of the chapter of this book. This book will be highly useful to researchers, policy makers, students and is an essential document to libraries of universities, colleges, research institutions and personnel collections.

Glaciers of the Himalayas

Muthukumara Mani
Glaciers of the Himalayas Book PDF

Author : Muthukumara Mani
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 189 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2021-07-16
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9781464812569

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Glaciers of the Himalayas by Muthukumara Mani Pdf

Melting glaciers and the loss of seasonal snow pose significant risks to the stability of water resources in South Asia. The 55,000 glaciers in the Himalaya, Karakoram, and Hindu Kush (HKHK) mountain ranges store more freshwater than any region outside of the North and South Poles. Their ice reserves feed into three major river basins in South Asia—the Indus, Ganges, and Brahmaputra—that are home to 750 million people. One major regional driver of the accelerating glacier melt is climate change, which is altering the patterns of temperature and precipitation. A second driver may be deposits of anthropogenic black carbon (BC), which increase the glaciers’ absorption of solar radiation and raise air temperatures. BC is generated by human activity both inside and outside of South Asia, and policy actions taken by the South Asian countries themselves may meaningfully reduce it. Glaciers of the Himalayas: Climate Change, Black Carbon, and Regional Resilience investigates the extent to which the BC reduction policies of South Asian countries may affect glacier formation and melt within the context of a changing global climate. It assesses the relative impact of each source of black carbon on snow and glacier dynamics. The authors simulate how BC emissions interact with projected climate scenarios. They also estimate the extent to which these glacial processes affect water resources in downstream areas of these river basins and present scenarios until 2040. Their policy recommendations include the following: Full implementation of current BC emissions policies can significantly reduce BC deposition in the region; additional reductions can be realized by enacting and implementing new policies that are economically and technically feasible. Improving the efficiency of brick kilns could be key to managing BC, and modest up-front investments could pay off quickly. Cleaner cookstoves and cleaner fuels can help to reduce BC and improve local air quality. Improving institutions for basin-based water management and using price signals are essential elements of more efficient water management. Careful management of hydropower and storage resources will require developers to factor in changing water flows and consider planning for large storage projects to stabilize water availability. Regional cooperation and the exchange of information can be an effective transboundary solution, helping countries to manage glaciers and related natural assets collaboratively. New policies are needed to reverse trends like the melting of glaciers. Success will require an active, agile cooperation between researchers and policy makers. To support an open dialogue, the model developed and used in this book is an open-source, state-of-the-art model that is available for others to use and improve on.

Reflections on 21st Century Human Habitats in India

Mahabir S. Jaglan,Rajeshwari
Reflections on 21st Century Human Habitats in India Book PDF

Author : Mahabir S. Jaglan,Rajeshwari
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 418 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2021-07-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789811631009

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Reflections on 21st Century Human Habitats in India by Mahabir S. Jaglan,Rajeshwari Pdf

This book highlights various dimensions of human habitats in 21st Century India. The human habitats in the country are marked by perceptible inequality in social and economic spheres. This is occurring in tandem with rapid socio-economic transformation across both rural and urban landscapes. There is a plurality of transformative characteristics in terms of social and economic classes, gender and space. Inequality in access to natural resources such as land and water is still a big factor in socio-economic differentiation in rural habitats. This constructs a pedestal of unequal opportunities and access to basic human necessities such as healthcare, education, potable water and sanitation. Human habitats experiencing socio-spatial segregation and exclusion based on caste, community and gender are detrimental in formation of a civil society and its sustainability in long terms. The ideal situation for this would be formation of an inclusive society that celebrates age old socio-cultural diversities, reduces inequalities and reveres composite culture.

Geospatial Technologies and Climate Change

Janardhanan Sundaresan,K M Santosh,Andrea Déri,Rob Roggema,Ramesh Singh
Geospatial Technologies and Climate Change Book PDF

Author : Janardhanan Sundaresan,K M Santosh,Andrea Déri,Rob Roggema,Ramesh Singh
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 306 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2013-12-13
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783319016894

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Geospatial Technologies and Climate Change by Janardhanan Sundaresan,K M Santosh,Andrea Déri,Rob Roggema,Ramesh Singh Pdf

Geospatial Technologies and Climate Change describes various approaches from different countries on how to use geospatial technologies to help solving climate change issues. It also details how different geospatial technologies (remote sensing, Geographical Information System...) can be used to help with climate monitoring and modeling, how to work with them and what to be careful about. This book is written by scientific experts from four different continents. Written in a comprehensive and complete way, this book is essential reading material for graduate and undergraduate students interested in these techniques and in climate change.

Water, Cryosphere, and Climate Change in the Himalayas

Ajay Kumar Taloor,Bahadur Singh Kotlia,Kireet Kumar
Water Cryosphere and Climate Change in the Himalayas Book PDF

Author : Ajay Kumar Taloor,Bahadur Singh Kotlia,Kireet Kumar
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 362 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2021-04-24
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783030679323

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Water, Cryosphere, and Climate Change in the Himalayas by Ajay Kumar Taloor,Bahadur Singh Kotlia,Kireet Kumar Pdf

This edited book summarizes numerous research studies on remote sensing and GIS of natural resource management for the Himalaya region done by Indian Institutions and Universities over the last decade. It gives an overview of hydrometeorological studies on Himalayan water resources and addresses concerns in the development of water resources in this region, which is dealing with an increased pressure in population, industrialization and economic development. While the source of some of the major rivers of India are found in the Himalayas, the glaciers and water bodies in the region are continuously shrinking leading to a depletion of water and deterioration of water quality. This is affecting a population of up to 2.5 billion people. The ecosystems have been under threat due to deforestation, loss of biodiversity, expansion of agriculture and settlement, overexploitation of natural resources, habitat loss and fragmentation, poaching, mining, construction of roads and large dams, and unplanned tourism. Spaceborne remote sensing with its ability to provide synoptic and repetitive coverage has emerged as a powerful tool for assessment and monitoring of the Himalayan resources and phenomena. This work serves as a resource to students, researchers, scientists, professionals, and policy makers both in India and on a global level.

Himalayan Glaciers

National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Population,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Water Science and Technology Board,Board on Atmospheric Studies and Climate,Committee on Himalayan Glaciers, Hydrology, Climate Change, and Implications for Water Security
Himalayan Glaciers Book PDF

Author : National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Population,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Water Science and Technology Board,Board on Atmospheric Studies and Climate,Committee on Himalayan Glaciers, Hydrology, Climate Change, and Implications for Water Security
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 218 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309260985

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Himalayan Glaciers by National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Population,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Water Science and Technology Board,Board on Atmospheric Studies and Climate,Committee on Himalayan Glaciers, Hydrology, Climate Change, and Implications for Water Security Pdf

Scientific evidence shows that most glaciers in South Asia's Hindu Kush Himalayan region are retreating, but the consequences for the region's water supply are unclear, this report finds. The Hindu Kush Himalayan region is the location of several of Asia's great river systems, which provide water for drinking, irrigation, and other uses for about 1.5 billion people. Recent studies show that at lower elevations, glacial retreat is unlikely to cause significant changes in water availability over the next several decades, but other factors, including groundwater depletion and increasing human water use, could have a greater impact. Higher elevation areas could experience altered water flow in some river basins if current rates of glacial retreat continue, but shifts in the location, intensity, and variability of rain and snow due to climate change will likely have a greater impact on regional water supplies. Himalayan Glaciers: Climate Change, Water Resources, and Water Security makes recommendations and sets guidelines for the future of climate change and water security in the Himalayan Region. This report emphasizes that social changes, such as changing patterns of water use and water management decisions, are likely to have at least as much of an impact on water demand as environmental factors do on water supply. Water scarcity will likely affect the rural and urban poor most severely, as these groups have the least capacity to move to new locations as needed. It is predicted that the region will become increasingly urbanized as cities expand to absorb migrants in search of economic opportunities. As living standards and populations rise, water use will likely increase-for example, as more people have diets rich in meat, more water will be needed for agricultural use. The effects of future climate change could further exacerbate water stress. Himalayan Glaciers: Climate Change, Water Resources, and Water Security explains that changes in the availability of water resources could play an increasing role in political tensions, especially if existing water management institutions do not better account for the social, economic, and ecological complexities of the region. To effectively respond to the effects of climate change, water management systems will need to take into account the social, economic, and ecological complexities of the region. This means it will be important to expand research and monitoring programs to gather more detailed, consistent, and accurate data on demographics, water supply, demand, and scarcity.

Tropical Ecosystems: Structure, Functions and Challenges in the Face of Global Change

Satish Chandra Garkoti,Skip J. Van Bloem,Peter Z. Fulé,Rajeev L. Semwal
Tropical Ecosystems Structure Functions and Challenges in the Face of Global Change Book PDF

Author : Satish Chandra Garkoti,Skip J. Van Bloem,Peter Z. Fulé,Rajeev L. Semwal
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2019-09-24
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789811382499

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Tropical Ecosystems: Structure, Functions and Challenges in the Face of Global Change by Satish Chandra Garkoti,Skip J. Van Bloem,Peter Z. Fulé,Rajeev L. Semwal Pdf

The book brings together research topics having a broad focus on human and climate change impacts on the terrestrial ecosystems in the tropics in general and more specifically from the most significant and vulnerable Himalayan ecosystem. A total of 16 contributions included in the book cover a diverse range of global change themes such as the impacts of changing temperature and precipitation on soil ecosystems, forest degradation, extent and impacts of invasive species, plant responses to pollution, climate change impacts on biodiversity and tree phenology, environmental changes associated with land use, importance of traditional knowledge in climate change adaptation, timberline ecosystems, and role of integrated landscape modeling for sustainable management of natural resources. The book is a collective endeavour of an international multidisciplinary group of scientists focused on improving our understanding of the impacts of global change on the structure and functioning of tropical ecosystems and addressing the challenges of their future sustainable management. We hope that the book will help researchers working in the areas of ecology and environmental science to update their knowledge. We also expect that natural resource managers and policy planners will find explanations for some of their observations and hypotheses on multiple global change factors impacting tropical ecosystems and especially Himalayan ecosystems.

Climate Change, Glacier Response, and Vegetation Dynamics in the Himalaya

RB Singh,Udo Schickhoff,Suraj Mal
Climate Change Glacier Response and Vegetation Dynamics in the Himalaya Book PDF

Author : RB Singh,Udo Schickhoff,Suraj Mal
Publisher : Springer
Page : 399 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2016-06-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783319289779

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Climate Change, Glacier Response, and Vegetation Dynamics in the Himalaya by RB Singh,Udo Schickhoff,Suraj Mal Pdf

This book provides information essential for anyone interested in climate and environmental change of the Himalayan region, including land and resource managers, environmental planners, conservationists, environmentalists, geographers, climatologists, ecologists, and students. The book is unique in its coverage of the current understanding of the science of climate change in the Himalayan mountain system and of the major impacts on physical systems and ecosystems. The book gives an overview of the physical science basis of climate change and explains drivers and processes of glacier and vegetation dynamics. The book covers relevant aspects of accelerated climate change observed in the Himalayan mountain system, and highlights the regional differentiation of climatic changes and associated environmental modifications. The focus is on climate variability and change, and how physical systems and ecosystems respond to climate change impacts. Consequences include impacts on physical systems such as glacier shrinkage, glacial lake outburst floods, altered hydrological characteristics, permafrost warming and thawing, and mass movements on slopes. Climate change is also a powerful stressor on ecosystems and induces range shifts of plant and animal species and alterations in terms of phenology, biomass, plant cover, plant group dominance and species composition. Thus, ecosystem structure and functioning will be strongly affected. The book has an introductory chapter followed by a section on climate change, a section on impacts on glaciers and hydrology, and a section on vegetation dynamics. Each section has several chapters presenting key concepts, major drivers and key processes of environmental change in the Himalayan region from different perspectives. Climate change impacts in the Himalaya have not been studied in much detail, and respective findings were not presented so far in a comprehensive overview. This book summarizes the current knowledge of interactions between climate change and the dynamics of glaciers, hydrology, and vegetation.

Climate, Agriculture and Man Shrinking Biodiversity and Sustainability

V.K. Sehgal
Climate Agriculture and Man Shrinking Biodiversity and Sustainability Book PDF

Author : V.K. Sehgal
Publisher : Scientific Publishers
Page : 150 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2019-11-15
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789387991545

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Climate, Agriculture and Man Shrinking Biodiversity and Sustainability by V.K. Sehgal Pdf

Rapidly shrinking biodiversity resources now have vital linkages to sustainability of climate and habitable environment; unsustainability of agriculture and decline in socio-economics of human values. This book considers the history of Planet Earth, formation of the continents, origin, and evolution of Life from the beginning till the present. The present status of management of agricultural production systems, Integrated Pest Management, genetically modified crops and organic agriculture besides the future role of pesticide industry in promoting holistic agriculture and conservation of natural biodiversity resources have also been discussed. Social impact of shrinkage of biodiversity resources beyond the biological means of their renewal together with the neglect of basic human rights to food, nutrition and health security have been discussed. A new beginning and agenda for future development of biodiversity resources have been proposed.

Handbook of Himalayan Ecosystems and Sustainability, Volume 1

Bikash Ranjan Parida,Arvind Chandra Pandey,Mukunda Dev Behera,Navneet Kumar
Handbook of Himalayan Ecosystems and Sustainability Volume 1 Book PDF

Author : Bikash Ranjan Parida,Arvind Chandra Pandey,Mukunda Dev Behera,Navneet Kumar
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 397 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2022-11-22
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781000784305

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Handbook of Himalayan Ecosystems and Sustainability, Volume 1 by Bikash Ranjan Parida,Arvind Chandra Pandey,Mukunda Dev Behera,Navneet Kumar Pdf

Volume 1: Spatio-Temporal Monitoring of Forests and Climate is aimed to describe the recent progress and developments of geospatial technologies (remote sensing and GIS) for assessing, monitoring and managing fragile Himalayan ecosystems and their sustainability under climate change. It is a collective research contribution from renowned researchers and academicians working in the Hindu Kush Himalayan (HKH) mountain range. The Himalayas ecosystems have been facing substantial transformation due to severe environmental conditions, land transformation, forest degradation and fragmentation. The authors utilized satellite datasets and algorithms to discuss the intricacy of land use/land cover change, forest and agricultural ecosystems, canopy height estimation, above-ground biomass, wildfires, carbon sequestration, and landscape restoration. Furthermore, the potential impacts of climate change on ecosystems, biodiversity and future food and nutritional security are also addressed including the impact on the livelihood of people of the Himalayas. This comprehensive Handbook explains the advanced geospatial technologies for mapping and management of natural resources of the Himalayas. Key Features Explains multiple aspects of geospatial technologies for studying fragile Himalayan ecosystems and sustainability Focuses on the utility of interferometric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) modeling for canopy height Explain how remote sensing techniques are useful for deriving the above-ground biomass, gross primary productivity (GPP), and carbon fluxes Addresses how geospatial technologies are valuable for understanding vegetation dynamics, composition and landscape restoration due to shifts in timberline and forest fires Includes contributions from global professionals working in the HKH mountain range Readership The Handbook serves as a valuable reference for students, researchers, scientists, ecologists, agricultural scientists, meteorologists, decision makers and all others who wish to advance their knowledge on vegetation remote sensing considering climate change in the HKH region.

Himalayan Weather and Climate and their Impact on the Environment

A.P. Dimri,B. Bookhagen,M. Stoffel,T. Yasunari
Himalayan Weather and Climate and their Impact on the Environment Book PDF

Author : A.P. Dimri,B. Bookhagen,M. Stoffel,T. Yasunari
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 577 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2019-11-08
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783030296841

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Himalayan Weather and Climate and their Impact on the Environment by A.P. Dimri,B. Bookhagen,M. Stoffel,T. Yasunari Pdf

This book proposes a unique and comprehensive integrated synthesis of the current understanding of the science of Himalayan dynamics and its manifestations on physical systems and ecosystems at different spatial and temporal scales. In particular, this work covers relevant aspects of weather and climate, paleoclimate, snow, glacier and hydrology, ecology/forestry among other topics associated with the Himalayas. It highlights the role of the Himalayas in defining local to regional to global scale impact on weather and climate. It includes Himalayan impact on defining physical basis of changing glacier systems, permafrost melting/thawing, climate variability, and hydrological balances. As a result, this volume represents an important synthesized overview both for environmental and earth science researchers, and for policy makers and stakeholders interested in the physical and dynamical processes associated with the Himalayan massif.

Dynamics of Climate Change and Water Resources of Northwestern Himalaya

Rajesh Joshi,Kireet Kumar,Lok Man S Palni
Dynamics of Climate Change and Water Resources of Northwestern Himalaya Book PDF

Author : Rajesh Joshi,Kireet Kumar,Lok Man S Palni
Publisher : Springer
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2015-01-08
Category : Science
ISBN : 3319137425

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Dynamics of Climate Change and Water Resources of Northwestern Himalaya by Rajesh Joshi,Kireet Kumar,Lok Man S Palni Pdf

This book is about the Himalayan ranges as a source of fresh water supply and a perennial store house of ice, snow and permafrost as well as a vast repository of rich biodiversity, in the light of climate change. Special attention is given to the dynamics of snow and glaciers in the northwestern Himalayas, assessment of climate change patterns, and the consequences of changes and flow regime in order to understand the behaviour of climate change in the northwestern Himalayas. The outcome of melting glaciers are pro-glacial lakes. Their increasing size and potential danger of outbursts requires systematic study, particularly where there is the risk of impact on life and property. Furthermore, the changing trend of the hydrological cycle on a regional or local scale is another area of research which calls for the attention of geoscientists. To date there is a scarcity of reliable data meaning that a concerted effort is still required by all parties.