Cognitive Gadgets

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Cognitive Gadgets

Cecilia Heyes
Cognitive Gadgets Book PDF

Author : Cecilia Heyes
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 264 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2018-04-16
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780674985131

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Cognitive Gadgets by Cecilia Heyes Pdf

How did human minds become so different from those of other animals? What accounts for our capacity to understand the way the physical world works, to think ourselves into the minds of others, to gossip, read, tell stories about the past, and imagine the future? These questions are not new: they have been debated by philosophers, psychologists, anthropologists, evolutionists, and neurobiologists over the course of centuries. One explanation widely accepted today is that humans have special cognitive instincts. Unlike other living animal species, we are born with complicated mechanisms for reasoning about causation, reading the minds of others, copying behaviors, and using language. Cecilia Heyes agrees that adult humans have impressive pieces of cognitive equipment. In her framing, however, these cognitive gadgets are not instincts programmed in the genes but are constructed in the course of childhood through social interaction. Cognitive gadgets are products of cultural evolution, rather than genetic evolution. At birth, the minds of human babies are only subtly different from the minds of newborn chimpanzees. We are friendlier, our attention is drawn to different things, and we have a capacity to learn and remember that outstrips the abilities of newborn chimpanzees. Yet when these subtle differences are exposed to culture-soaked human environments, they have enormous effects. They enable us to upload distinctively human ways of thinking from the social world around us. As Cognitive Gadgets makes clear, from birth our malleable human minds can learn through culture not only what to think but how to think it.

Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Archaeology

Distinguished Professor of Anthropology Thomas Wynn,Thomas Wynn,Assistant Professor of Anthropology & Co-Director Karenleigh Overmann,Karenleigh Overmann,Frederick Coolidge
Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Archaeology Book PDF

Author : Distinguished Professor of Anthropology Thomas Wynn,Thomas Wynn,Assistant Professor of Anthropology & Co-Director Karenleigh Overmann,Karenleigh Overmann,Frederick Coolidge
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 1329 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2024-03-27
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780192895950

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Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Archaeology by Distinguished Professor of Anthropology Thomas Wynn,Thomas Wynn,Assistant Professor of Anthropology & Co-Director Karenleigh Overmann,Karenleigh Overmann,Frederick Coolidge Pdf

This book showcases the theories, methods, and accomplishments of archaeologists who investigate the human mind through material forms. It encompasses the wide spectrum of cognitive archeology, showcasing contributions from scholars globally. It delivers analysis of material culture, from stone tools to ceramic and rock art of the past millennium.

Emotional and Cognitive Overload

Anne-Françoise Rutkowski,Carol Saunders
Emotional and Cognitive Overload Book PDF

Author : Anne-Françoise Rutkowski,Carol Saunders
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 200 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2018-08-21
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781351682480

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Emotional and Cognitive Overload by Anne-Françoise Rutkowski,Carol Saunders Pdf

We live in a world of limitless information. At both home and at work, an endless range of devices and IT systems place demands upon our attention that human beings have never experienced before, but are our brains capable of processing it all? In this important new book, the idea of brain overload is defined and explored, from its impact on our decision-making and memory, to how we may cope with the resultant ‘technostress’. Supported by case studies and also exploring the idea of ‘IT addiction’, the book concludes by asking how IT processes may support rather than hinder our cognitive functioning. This is essential reading for anyone interested in how we function in the digital age.

The Cognitive Basis of Social Interaction Across the Lifespan

Heather J. Ferguson,Elisabeth E. F Bradford
The Cognitive Basis of Social Interaction Across the Lifespan Book PDF

Author : Heather J. Ferguson,Elisabeth E. F Bradford
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 257 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2021
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780198843290

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The Cognitive Basis of Social Interaction Across the Lifespan by Heather J. Ferguson,Elisabeth E. F Bradford Pdf

Explores the cognitive mechanisms underlying the development of human social interactive abilities across the lifespan, in healthy and atypical development. Combines traditionally separate bodies of research into one coherent volume, following the trajectory of communication over the entire lifespan from infancy to old age. Crosses multiple disciplines, drawing together expertise from researchers in psychology, neuroscience, psychiatry, linguistics, and philosophy. Brings together key methodologies and debates in a vibrant and fast-growing field. Written in an accessible style and suited to a wide range of readers, including academics and students of cognitive, developmental, and social psychology, related sciences and social sciences, as well as practitioners working in the fields of social care, mental health, and education

The Marvelous Toy

Anonim
The Marvelous Toy Book PDF

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Charlesbridge
Page : 31 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2009-08-01
Category : Juvenile Fiction
ISBN : 9781607343530

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The Marvelous Toy by Anonim Pdf

It's a major publishing event! For nearly half a century, "The Marvelous Toy"--composed by the legendary singer/songwriter Tom Paxton--has enchanted children and adults alike. A simple tale about a mysterious, magical, and mystical toy that a father gives to his son--and that eventually gets passed down to the next generation--it celebrates a child's sense of wonder. The witty, evocative lyrics spark the imagination. No surprise, then, that the song has been recorded by countless major artists, from Peter, Paul, and Mary to the Chad Mitchell Trio to John Denver, and won legions of fans through the years. Paxton's marvelous song has finally become a stunning picture book, featuring incredible and wildly imaginative art by Steve Cox, illustrator of the award-winning PIGS MIGHT FLY. Parents, grandparents, friends, and family worldwide will remember this classic from their own youth--and joyfully share it with their own children.

Cognitive Capitalism

Heiner Rindermann
Cognitive Capitalism Book PDF

Author : Heiner Rindermann
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 593 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2018-02-15
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781107050167

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Cognitive Capitalism by Heiner Rindermann Pdf

This book studies cross-country differences in cognitive capital, exploring how levels of education are linked to a nation's economic development. It is for graduates and research in a wide range of fields, including economics, psychology, sociology and political science.

Cultural Evolution

Kevin McCaffree
Cultural Evolution Book PDF

Author : Kevin McCaffree
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 235 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2022-03-14
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781000523270

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Cultural Evolution by Kevin McCaffree Pdf

Since the dawn of social science, theorists have debated how and why societies appear to change, develop and evolve. Today, this question is pursued by scholars across many different disciplines and our understanding of these dynamics has grown markedly. Yet, there remain important areas of disagreement and debate: what is the difference between societal change, development and evolution? What specific aspects of cultures change, develop or evolve and why? Do societies change, develop or evolve in particular ways, perhaps according to cycles, or stages or in response to survival necessities? How do different disciplines—from sociology to anthropology to psychology and economics—approach these questions? This book provides complex and nuanced answers to these, and many other, questions. First, the book invites readers to consider the broad landscape of societal dynamics across human history, beginning with humanity’s origins in small nomadic bands of hunter gatherers through to the emergence of post-industrial democracies. Then, the book provides a tour of several prominent existing theories of cultural change, development and evolution. Approaches to explaining cultural dynamics will be discussed across disciplines and schools of thought, from "meme" theories to established cumulative cultural evolutionary theories to newly emerging theories on cultural tightness-looseness. The book concludes with a call for theoretical integration and a frank discussion of some of the most unexamined structures that drive cultural dynamics across schools of thought.

The Dialogical Roots of Deduction

Catarina Dutilh Novaes
The Dialogical Roots of Deduction Book PDF

Author : Catarina Dutilh Novaes
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 287 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2020-12-17
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781108479882

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The Dialogical Roots of Deduction by Catarina Dutilh Novaes Pdf

The first comprehensive account of the concept and practices of deduction covering philosophy, history, cognition and mathematical practice.

A Better Ape

Victor Kumar,Richmond Campbell
A Better Ape Book PDF

Author : Victor Kumar,Richmond Campbell
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 353 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2022
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780197600122

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A Better Ape by Victor Kumar,Richmond Campbell Pdf

"A Better Ape explores the evolution of the moral mind from our ancestors with chimpanzees, through the origins of our genus and our species, to the development of behaviorally modern humans who underwent revolutions in agriculture, urbanization, and industrial technology. The book begins, in Part I, by explaining the biological evolution of sympathy and loyalty in great apes and trust and respect in the earliest humans. These moral emotions are the first element of the moral mind. Part II explains the gene-culture co-evolution of norms, emotions, and reasoning in Homo sapiens. Moral norms of harm, kinship, reciprocity, autonomy, and fairness are the second element of the moral mind. A social capacity for interactive moral reasoning is the third element. Part III of the book explains the cultural co-evolution of social institutions and morality. Family, religious, military, political, and economic institutions expanded small bands into large tribes and created more intense social hierarchies through new moral norms of authority and purity. Finally, Part IV explains the rational and cultural evolution of moral progress and moral regress as human societies experienced gains and losses in inclusivity and equality. Moral progress against racism, homophobia, speciesism, sexism, classism, and global injustice depends on integration of privileged and oppressed people in physical space, social roles, and democratic decision making. The central idea in the book is that all these major evolutionary transitions, from ancestral apes to modern societies, and now human survival of climate change, depend on co-evolution between morality, knowledge, and complex social structure"--

Numerical Cognition and the Epistemology of Arithmetic

Markus Pantsar
Numerical Cognition and the Epistemology of Arithmetic Book PDF

Author : Markus Pantsar
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 265 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2024-03-28
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781009468909

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Numerical Cognition and the Epistemology of Arithmetic by Markus Pantsar Pdf

Arithmetic is one of the foundations of our educational systems, but what exactly is it? Numbers are everywhere in our modern societies, but what is our knowledge of numbers really about? This book provides a philosophical account of arithmetical knowledge that is based on the state-of-the-art empirical studies of numerical cognition. It explains how humans have developed arithmetic from humble origins to its modern status as an almost universally possessed knowledge and skill. Central to the account is the realisation that, while arithmetic is a human creation, the development of arithmetic is constrained by our evolutionarily developed cognitive architecture. Arithmetic is a sophisticated cultural development, but it is ultimately based on abilities with numerosities that we already possess as infants and share with many non-human animals. Therefore, arithmetic is not purely conventional, an arbitrary game akin to chess. Instead, arithmetic is deeply connected to our basic cognitive capacities.

Emotion, Cognition, and the Virtue of Flexibility

Isabel Kaeslin
Emotion Cognition and the Virtue of Flexibility Book PDF

Author : Isabel Kaeslin
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 188 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2023-10-04
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783110780932

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Emotion, Cognition, and the Virtue of Flexibility by Isabel Kaeslin Pdf

Should emotions play a role in our decisions, even if they are "just feelings" and not necessarily "imbued with reason" or cognitively penetrated? The author shows that such basic feelings as aversion and attraction can be important normative guides by disrupting engrained habits and beliefs, enabling us to reconsider our ways, which is important due to the ever-changing nature of ethical demands on us. Therefore, these feelings should guide our decisions, even if they are not cognitive. This book fi lls a gap in the philosophy of emotions, ethics, and virtue epistemology.

Evolutionary Processes in the Natural History of Religion

Hansjörg Hemminger
Evolutionary Processes in the Natural History of Religion Book PDF

Author : Hansjörg Hemminger
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 209 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2021-09-22
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9783030704087

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Evolutionary Processes in the Natural History of Religion by Hansjörg Hemminger Pdf

The study of religion by the humanities and social sciences has become receptive for an evolutionary perspective. Some proposals model the evolution of religion in Darwinian terms, or construct a synergy between biological and non-Darwinian processes. The results, however, have not yet become truly interdisciplinary. The biological theory of evolution in form of the Extended Evolutionary Synthesis (EES) is only sparsely represented in theories published so far by scholars of religion. Therefore this book reverses the line of view and asks how their results assort with evolutionary biology: How can the subject area “religion” integrated into behavioral biology? How is theory building affected by the asymmetry between the scarce empirical knowledge of prehistoric religion, and the body of knowledge about extant and historic religions? How does hominin evolution in general relate to the evolution of religion? Are there evolutionary pre-adaptations? Subsequent versions of evolutionary biology from the original Darwinism to EES are used in interdisciplinary constructs. Can they be integrated into a comprehensive theory? The biological concept most often used is co-evolution, in form of a gene-culture co-evolution. However, the term denotes a process different from biological co-evolution. Important EES concepts do not appear in present models of religious evolution: e.g. neutral evolution, evolutionary drift, evolutionary constraints etc. How to include them into an interdisciplinary approach? Does the cognitive science of religion (CSR) harmonize with behavioral biology and the brain sciences? Religion as part of human culture is supported by a complex, multi-level behavioral system. How can it be modeled scientifically? The book addresses graduate students and researchers concerned about the scientific study of religion, and biologist interested in interdisciplinary theory building in the field.

The Origins of Creativity

Edward O. Wilson
The Origins of Creativity Book PDF

Author : Edward O. Wilson
Publisher : Liveright Publishing
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2017-10-03
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781631493195

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The Origins of Creativity by Edward O. Wilson Pdf

“Brimming with ideas. . . . The Origins of Creativity approach[es] creativity scientifically but sensitively, feeling its roots without pulling them out.”—Economist In a stirring exploration of human nature recalling his foundational work Consilience, Edward O. Wilson offers a “luminous” (Kirkus Reviews) reflection on the humanities and their integral relationship to science. Both endeavors, Wilson argues, have their roots in human creativity—the defining trait of our species. By studying fields as diverse as paleontology, evolution, and neurobiology, Wilson demonstrates that creative expression began not 10,000 years ago, as we have long assumed, but more than 100,000 years ago in the Paleolithic Age. A provocative investigation into what it means to be human, The Origins of Creativity reveals how the humanities have played an unexamined role in defining our species. With the eloquence, optimism, and pioneering inquiry we have come to expect from our leading biologist, Wilson proposes a transformational “Third Enlightenment” in which the blending of science and humanities will enable a deeper understanding of our human condition, and how it ultimately originated.

Kuhn's Intellectual Path

K. Brad Wray
Kuhn s Intellectual Path Book PDF

Author : K. Brad Wray
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 247 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2021-09-30
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781316512173

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Kuhn's Intellectual Path by K. Brad Wray Pdf

Examines the influences on and impact of Thomas Kuhn's The Structure of Scientific Revolutions.

The Shallows: What the Internet Is Doing to Our Brains

Nicholas Carr
The Shallows What the Internet Is Doing to Our Brains Book PDF

Author : Nicholas Carr
Publisher : W. W. Norton & Company
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2011-06-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 0393079368

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The Shallows: What the Internet Is Doing to Our Brains by Nicholas Carr Pdf

Finalist for the 2011 Pulitzer Prize in General Nonfiction: “Nicholas Carr has written a Silent Spring for the literary mind.”—Michael Agger, Slate “Is Google making us stupid?” When Nicholas Carr posed that question, in a celebrated Atlantic Monthly cover story, he tapped into a well of anxiety about how the Internet is changing us. He also crystallized one of the most important debates of our time: As we enjoy the Net’s bounties, are we sacrificing our ability to read and think deeply? Now, Carr expands his argument into the most compelling exploration of the Internet’s intellectual and cultural consequences yet published. As he describes how human thought has been shaped through the centuries by “tools of the mind”—from the alphabet to maps, to the printing press, the clock, and the computer—Carr interweaves a fascinating account of recent discoveries in neuroscience by such pioneers as Michael Merzenich and Eric Kandel. Our brains, the historical and scientific evidence reveals, change in response to our experiences. The technologies we use to find, store, and share information can literally reroute our neural pathways. Building on the insights of thinkers from Plato to McLuhan, Carr makes a convincing case that every information technology carries an intellectual ethic—a set of assumptions about the nature of knowledge and intelligence. He explains how the printed book served to focus our attention, promoting deep and creative thought. In stark contrast, the Internet encourages the rapid, distracted sampling of small bits of information from many sources. Its ethic is that of the industrialist, an ethic of speed and efficiency, of optimized production and consumption—and now the Net is remaking us in its own image. We are becoming ever more adept at scanning and skimming, but what we are losing is our capacity for concentration, contemplation, and reflection. Part intellectual history, part popular science, and part cultural criticism, The Shallows sparkles with memorable vignettes—Friedrich Nietzsche wrestling with a typewriter, Sigmund Freud dissecting the brains of sea creatures, Nathaniel Hawthorne contemplating the thunderous approach of a steam locomotive—even as it plumbs profound questions about the state of our modern psyche. This is a book that will forever alter the way we think about media and our minds.