Cognitive Pluralism

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Cognitive Pluralism

Steven Horst
Cognitive Pluralism Book PDF

Author : Steven Horst
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 373 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2024-07-02
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780262552615

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Cognitive Pluralism by Steven Horst Pdf

An argument that we understand the world through many special-purpose mental models of different content domains, and an exploration of the philosophical implications. Philosophers have traditionally assumed that the basic units of knowledge and understanding are concepts, beliefs, and argumentative inferences. In Cognitive Pluralism, Steven Horst proposes that another sort of unit—a mental model of a content domain—is the fundamental unit of understanding. He argues that understanding comes not in word-sized concepts, sentence-sized beliefs, or argument-sized reasoning but in the form of idealized models and in domain-sized chunks. He argues further that this idea of “cognitive pluralism”—the claim that we understand the world through many such models of a variety of content domains—sheds light on a number of problems in philosophy. Horst first presents the “standard view” of cognitive architecture assumed in mainstream epistemology, semantics, truth theory, and theory of reasoning. He then explains the notion of a mental model as an internal surrogate that mirrors features of its target domain, and puts it in the context of ideas in psychology, philosophy of science, artificial intelligence, and theoretical cognitive science. Finally, he argues that the cognitive pluralist view not only helps to explain puzzling disunities of knowledge but also raises doubts about the feasibility of attempts to “unify” the sciences; presents a model-based account of intuitive judgments; and contends that cognitive pluralism favors a reliabilist epistemology and a “molecularist” semantics. Horst suggests that cognitive pluralism allows us to view rival epistemological and semantic theories not as direct competitors but as complementary accounts, each an idealized model of different dimensions of evaluation.

Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Representational Pluralism in Human Cognition

Michel Bélanger,Patrice Potvin,Steven Horst,Andrew Shtulman,Eduardo F. Mortimer
Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Representational Pluralism in Human Cognition Book PDF

Author : Michel Bélanger,Patrice Potvin,Steven Horst,Andrew Shtulman,Eduardo F. Mortimer
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 283 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2022-07-18
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781000617924

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Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Representational Pluralism in Human Cognition by Michel Bélanger,Patrice Potvin,Steven Horst,Andrew Shtulman,Eduardo F. Mortimer Pdf

Bringing together diverse theoretical and empirical contributions from the fields of social and cognitive psychology, philosophy and science education, this volume explores representational pluralism as a phenomenon characteristic of human cognition. Building on these disciplines’ shared interest in understanding human thought, perception and conceptual change, the volume illustrates how representational plurality can be conducive to research and practice in varied fields. Particular care is taken to emphasize points of convergence and the value of sharing discourses, models, justifications and theories of pluralism across disciplines. The editors give ample space for philosophers, cognitive scientists and educators to explicate the history and current status of representational pluralism in their own disciplines. Using multiple forms of research from the relational perspective, this volume will be of interest to students, scholars and researchers with an interest in cognitive psychology, as well as educational psychology and philosophy of science.

Beyond Reduction

Steven Horst
Beyond Reduction Book PDF

Author : Steven Horst
Publisher : Oxford University Press on Demand
Page : 242 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2007-08-30
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780195317114

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Beyond Reduction by Steven Horst Pdf

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Diversity and Pluralism in Islam

Zulfikar Hirji
Diversity and Pluralism in Islam Book PDF

Author : Zulfikar Hirji
Publisher : I.B. Tauris
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2010-07-30
Category : History
ISBN : IND:30000127510034

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Diversity and Pluralism in Islam by Zulfikar Hirji Pdf

"This volume is the result of a series of seminars on 'Muslim pluralism' hosted at The Institute of Ismaili Studies between 2002 and 2003

Re-thinking Religious Pluralism

Bindu Puri,Abhishek Kumar
Re thinking Religious Pluralism Book PDF

Author : Bindu Puri,Abhishek Kumar
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 186 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2020-12-16
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9789811595400

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Re-thinking Religious Pluralism by Bindu Puri,Abhishek Kumar Pdf

This book combines the mainstream liberal arguments for religious tolerance with arguments from religious traditions in India to offer insights into appropriate attitudes toward religious ‘others’ from the perspective of the devout. The respective chapters address the relationship between religions from a comparative perspective, helping readers understand the meaning of religion and the opportunities for interreligious dialogue in the works of contemporary Indian philosophers such as Gandhi and Ramakrishna Paramhansa. It also examines various religious traditions from a philosophical viewpoint in order to reassess religious discussions on how to respond to differing and different religious others. Given its comprehensive coverage, the book is of interest to scholars working in the areas of anthropology, philosophy, cultural and religious diversity, and history of religion.

Curriculum and Teaching Dialogue

David J. Flinders,P. Bruce Uhrmacher,Christy M. Moroye
Curriculum and Teaching Dialogue Book PDF

Author : David J. Flinders,P. Bruce Uhrmacher,Christy M. Moroye
Publisher : IAP
Page : 339 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2014-08-01
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781623968083

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Curriculum and Teaching Dialogue by David J. Flinders,P. Bruce Uhrmacher,Christy M. Moroye Pdf

Curriculum and Teaching Dialogue (CTD) is a publication of the American Association of Teaching and Curriculum (AATC), a national learned society for the scholarly fields of teaching and curriculum. The fields includes those working on the theory, design and evaluation of educational programs at large. University faculty members identified with this field are typically affiliated with the departments of curriculum and instruction, teacher education, educational foundations, elementary education, secondary education, and higher education. CTD promotes all analytical and interpretive approaches that are appropriate for the scholarly study of teaching and curriculum. In fulfillment of this mission, CTD addresses a range of issues across the broad fields of educational research and policy for all grade levels and types of educational programs.

The Routledge Handbook of Panpsychism

William E Seager
The Routledge Handbook of Panpsychism Book PDF

Author : William E Seager
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 497 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2019-12-09
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781317510789

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The Routledge Handbook of Panpsychism by William E Seager Pdf

Panpsychism is the view that consciousness – the most puzzling and strangest phenomenon in the entire universe – is a fundamental and ubiquitous feature of the world, though in a form very remote from human consciousness. At a very basic level, the world is awake. Panpsychism seems implausible to most, and yet it has experienced a remarkable renaissance of interest over the last quarter century. The reason is the stubbornly intractable problem of consciousness. Despite immense progress in understanding the brain and its relation to states of consciousness, we still really have no idea how consciousness emerges from physical processes which are presumed to be entirely non-conscious. The Routledge Handbook of Panpsychism provides a high-level comprehensive examination and assessment of the subject – its history and contemporary development. It offers 28 chapters, appearing in print here for the first time, from the world’s leading researchers on panpsychism. The chapters are divided into four sections that integrate panpsychism’s relevance with important issues in philosophy of mind, philosophy of science, metaphysics, and even ethics: Historical Reflections Forms of Panpsychism Comparative Alternatives How Does Panpsychism Work? The volume will be useful to students and scholars as both an introduction and as cutting-edge philosophical engagement with the subject. For anyone interested in a philosophical approach to panpsychism, the Handbook will supply fascinating and enlightening reading. The topics covered are highly diverse, representing a spectrum of views on the nature of mind and world from various standpoints which take panpsychism seriously.

Precautionary Principle, Pluralism and Deliberation

Bernard Reber
Precautionary Principle Pluralism and Deliberation Book PDF

Author : Bernard Reber
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 298 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2016-11-23
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781119335757

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Precautionary Principle, Pluralism and Deliberation by Bernard Reber Pdf

This volume tackles the burden of judgment and the challenges of ethical disagreements, organizes the cohabitation of scientific and ethical argumentations in such a way they find their appropriate place in the political decision. It imagines several forms of agreements and open ways of conflicts resolution very different compared with ones of the majority of political philosophers and political scientists that are macro-social and general. It offers an original contribution to a scrutinized interpretation of the precautionary principle, as structuring the decision in interdisciplinary contexts, to make sure to arrive this time to the “Best of the Worlds”.

Living with Robots

Paul Dumouchel,Luisa Damiano
Living with Robots Book PDF

Author : Paul Dumouchel,Luisa Damiano
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 281 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2017-11-06
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780674971738

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Living with Robots by Paul Dumouchel,Luisa Damiano Pdf

Living with Robots recounts a foundational shift in robotics, from artificial intelligence to artificial empathy, and foreshadows an inflection point in human evolution. As robots engage with people in socially meaningful ways, social robotics probes the nature of the human emotions that social robots are designed to emulate.

Latin American Thought

Susana Nuccetelli
Latin American Thought Book PDF

Author : Susana Nuccetelli
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 292 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2018-03-05
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780429967887

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Latin American Thought by Susana Nuccetelli Pdf

Latin American Thought examines the relationship between philosophy and rationality in Latin American thought, the nature of justice, human rights, and cultural identity, and other questions that have concerned Latin American thinkers from the colonial period to the present day. From the Mayans, Aztecs, and Incas to the present day, reveals the assembly of interesting philosophical arguments offered by Latin Americans. Nuccetelli traces Latin American thought through questions concerning rationality, gender discrimination, justice, human rights, reparation for historically dispossessed peoples, and relativism vs. universalism - all matters of continuing concern in Spanish and Portuguese-speaking parts of the world . Amongst issues of heated controversy from the early twentieth century to the present, also explores how Latin Americans and their descendants abroad think of their own cultural identity, of US mass-culture and philosophy, and of the vexing problem of which name, if any, to use when referring to this exceedingly diverse ethnic group. Many of the philosophical questions raised by Latin American thinkers are problems that have concerned philosophers at different times and in different places throughout the Western tradition. But in fact the issues are not altogether the same - for they have been adapted to capture problems presented by new circumstances, and Latin Americans have sought resolutions in ways that are indeed novel. This book explains how well-established philosophical traditions gave rise in the "New World" to a distinctive manner of thinking. There was no clean sweep of the past and an attempt to start over: rather, Latin American thinkers mostly welcomed European ideas at whatever pace such traditions happened to arrive. It is then no surprise that, for instance, Scholasticism became the accepted view under Spanish rule, and began to lose its grip only when the rulers did. But what does seem surprising is the radical way in which those traditions were transformed to account for problems that, though familiar, were now seen intake light of new circumstances. A distinctive Latin American way of thinking about such problems emerged from the project of "recycling" European philosophical traditions, some of which were already obsolete in Europe at the time their transplant took place. Thus theories commonly taken to be incompatible within Western traditions in philosophy were absorbed by Latin American thought-- and, in their newly acquired forms, such theories are even now at the basis of proposed solutions to many practical and philosophical problems. The book explores that recycling process. Above all, it aims to determine whether the various cultures that met in the "New World" could now be said to have come to share a common identity. This is in fact an issue which has preoccupied Latin Americans since at least the beginning of the 19th century, when their countries won their independence. But, in connection with this, it is also important to ask how Latin Americans have thought about the relationship between philosophy and rationality, and about other issues belonging to the major areas of philosophy such as epistemology, moral philosophy, and political philosophy, as well their application to vital social issues, including education and the emancipation of women. These are all taken up by the author, who pays special attention to questions of gender discrimination, justice, human rights, reparation for historically dispossessed peoples, and the role of education-- all matters of continuing concern in Latin American thought, from its earliest stirrings to the present day.

The Twenty-First Century Mechanistic Theory of Human Cognition

Diego Azevedo Leite
The Twenty First Century Mechanistic Theory of Human Cognition Book PDF

Author : Diego Azevedo Leite
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 198 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2020-11-30
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783030636807

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The Twenty-First Century Mechanistic Theory of Human Cognition by Diego Azevedo Leite Pdf

This book presents a theoretical critical appraisal of the Mechanistic Theory of Human Cognition (MTHC), which is one of the most popular major theories in the contemporary field of cognitive science. It analyses and evaluates whether MTHC provides a unifying account of human cognition and its explanation. The book presents a systematic investigation of the internal and external consistency of the theory, as well as a systematic comparison with other contemporary major theories in the field. In this sense, it provides a fresh look at more recent major theoretical debates in this area of scientific research and a rigorous analysis of one of its most central major theories. Rigorous theoretical work is integrated with objective consideration of relevant empirical evidence, making the discussions robust and clear. As a result, the book shows that MTHC provides a significant theoretical contribution for the field of cognitive science. The content is useful for those interested in theoretical and empirical issues concerning major theories in the contemporary field of cognitive science.

The Influence of Language on Culture and Thought

Robert L. Cooper,Bernard J. Spolsky
The Influence of Language on Culture and Thought Book PDF

Author : Robert L. Cooper,Bernard J. Spolsky
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 296 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2019-06-04
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783110859010

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The Influence of Language on Culture and Thought by Robert L. Cooper,Bernard J. Spolsky Pdf

No detailed description available for "The Influence of Language on Culture and Thought".

Relativism in Contemporary American Philosophy

Timothy M. Mosteller
Relativism in Contemporary American Philosophy Book PDF

Author : Timothy M. Mosteller
Publisher : A&C Black
Page : 201 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2006-06-15
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781847141538

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Relativism in Contemporary American Philosophy by Timothy M. Mosteller Pdf

Relativism about knowledge or truth has always provoked the ire of philosophers. Ever since Protagoras declared in antiquity that "man is the measure of all things", relativism has been repeatedly attacked. Recently, however, Alasdair MacIntyre has observed that "relativism ... is one of those doctrines that have by now been refuted a number of times too often." Along with MacIntyre, Hilary Putnam and Richard Rorty have also argued that while relativism may be problematic, there are valuable insights in it that philosophers need to take notice of. This book sorts out exactly what those relativistic insights are, and where they are to be found within the works of these three leading late-twentieth-century American philosophers. Timothy Mosteller begins with a review of the major traditional definitions of relativism and the classical arguments against it. He then examines twentieth-century accounts and defenses of relativism and points out that each account faces problems similar to those of the traditional versions. The book continues with substantial treatments of the views of MacIntyre, Putnam and Rorty on relativism, with each thinker robustly engaging the opinions of the others. Mosteller concludes the book by developing an alternative approach to relativism about knowledge, which recognizes that while there may be no single 'global' criterion for all knowledge claims, there can be 'local' standards for settling particular disputes in such a way as to avoid the traditional hazards of relativism.

International Handbook of Jewish Education

Helena Miller,Lisa D. Grant,Alex Pomson
International Handbook of Jewish Education Book PDF

Author : Helena Miller,Lisa D. Grant,Alex Pomson
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 1299 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2011-04-02
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9789400703544

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International Handbook of Jewish Education by Helena Miller,Lisa D. Grant,Alex Pomson Pdf

The International Handbook of Jewish Education, a two volume publication, brings together scholars and practitioners engaged in the field of Jewish Education and its cognate fields world-wide. Their submissions make a significant contribution to our knowledge of the field of Jewish Education as we start the second decade of the 21st century. The Handbook is divided broadly into four main sections: Vision and Practice: focusing on issues of philosophy, identity and planning –the big issues of Jewish Education. Teaching and Learning: focusing on areas of curriculum and engagement Applications, focusing on the ways that Jewish Education is transmitted in particular contexts, both formal and informal, for children and adults. Geographical, focusing on historical, demographic, social and other issues that are specific to a region or where an issue or range of issues can be compared and contrasted between two or more locations. This comprehensive collection of articles providing high quality content, constitutes a difinitive statement on the state of Jewish Education world wide, as well as through a wide variety of lenses and contexts. It is written in a style that is accessible to a global community of academics and professionals.

A Pluralist Theory of the Mind

David Ludwig
A Pluralist Theory of the Mind Book PDF

Author : David Ludwig
Publisher : Springer
Page : 201 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2015-10-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783319227382

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A Pluralist Theory of the Mind by David Ludwig Pdf

This book challenges common debates in philosophy of mind by questioning the framework of placement problems in contemporary metaphysics. The author argues that placement problems arise when exactly one fundamental ontology serves as the base for all entities, and will propose a pluralist alternative that takes the diversity of our conceptual resources and ontologies seriously. This general pluralist account is applied to issues in philosophy of mind to argue that contemporary debates about the mind-body problem are built on this problematic framework of placement problems. The starting point is the plurality of ontologies in scientific practice. Not only can we describe the world in terms of physical, biological, or psychological ontologies, but any serious engagement with scientific ontologies will identify more specific ontologies in each domain. For example, there is not one unified ontology for biology, but rather a diversity of scientific specializations with different ontological needs. Based on this account of scientific practice the author argues that there is no reason to assume that ontological unification must be possible everywhere. Without this ideal, the scope of ontological unification turns out to be an open empirical question and there is no need to present unification failures as philosophically puzzling “placement problems”.