Collective And State Violence In Turkey

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Collective and State Violence in Turkey

Stephan Astourian,Raymond Kévorkian
Collective and State Violence in Turkey Book PDF

Author : Stephan Astourian,Raymond Kévorkian
Publisher : Berghahn Books
Page : 590 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2020-11-01
Category : History
ISBN : 9781789204513

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Collective and State Violence in Turkey by Stephan Astourian,Raymond Kévorkian Pdf

Turkey has gone through significant transformations over the last century—from the Ottoman Empire and Young Turk era to the Republic of today—but throughout it has demonstrated troubling continuities in its encouragement and deployment of mass violence. In particular, the construction of a Muslim-Turkish identity has been achieved in part by designating “internal enemies” at whom public hatred can be directed. This volume provides a wide range of case studies and historiographical reflections on the alarming recurrence of such violence in Turkish history, as atrocities against varied ethnic-religious groups from the nineteenth century to today have propelled the nation’s very sense of itself.

Judgment At Istanbul

Vahakn N. Dadrian,Taner Akçam
Judgment At Istanbul Book PDF

Author : Vahakn N. Dadrian,Taner Akçam
Publisher : Berghahn Books
Page : 376 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2011-12-30
Category : History
ISBN : 9780857452863

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Judgment At Istanbul by Vahakn N. Dadrian,Taner Akçam Pdf

Turkey's bid to join the European Union has lent new urgency to the issue of the Armenian Genocide as differing interpretations of the genocide are proving to be a major reason for the delay of the its accession. This book provides vital background information and is a prime source of legal evidence and authentic Turkish eyewitness testimony of the intent and the crime of genocide against the Armenians. After a long and painstaking effort, the authors, one an Armenian, the other a Turk, generally recognized as the foremost experts on the Armenian Genocide, have prepared a new, authoritative translation and detailed analysis of the Takvim-i Vekâyi, the official Ottoman Government record of the Turkish Military Tribunals concerning the crimes committed against the Armenians during World War I. The authors have compiled the documentation of the trial proceedings for the first time in English and situated them within their historical and legal context. These documents show that Wartime Cabinet ministers, Young Turk party leaders, and a number of others inculpated in these crimes were court-martialed by the Turkish Military Tribunals in the years immediately following World War I. Most were found guilty and received sentences ranging from prison with hard labor to death. In remarkable contrast to Nuremberg, the Turkish Military Tribunals were conducted solely on the basis of existing Ottoman domestic penal codes. This substitution of a national for an international criminal court stands in history as a unique initiative of national self-condemnation. This compilation is significantly enhanced by an extensive analysis of the historical background, political nature and legal implications of the criminal prosecution of the twentieth century's first state-sponsored crime of genocide.

Denial of Violence

Fatma Müge Göçek
Denial of Violence Book PDF

Author : Fatma Müge Göçek
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 681 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2016-04-07
Category : History
ISBN : 9780190624583

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Denial of Violence by Fatma Müge Göçek Pdf

While much of the international community regards the forced deportation of Armenian subjects of the Ottoman Empire in 1915, where approximately 800,000 to 1.5 million Armenians perished, as genocide, the Turkish state still officially denies it. In Denial of Violence, Fatma Müge Göçek seeks to decipher the roots of this disavowal. To capture the negotiation of meaning that leads to denial, Göçek undertook a qualitative analysis of 315 memoirs published in Turkey from 1789 to 2009 in addition to numerous secondary sources, journals, and newspapers. She argues that denial is a multi-layered, historical process with four distinct yet overlapping components: the structural elements of collective violence and situated modernity on one side, and the emotional elements of collective emotions and legitimating events on the other. In the Turkish case, denial emerged through four stages: (i) the initial imperial denial of the origins of the collective violence committed against the Armenians commenced in 1789 and continued until 1907; (ii) the Young Turk denial of the act of violence lasted for a decade from 1908 to 1918; (iii) early republican denial of the actors of violence took place from 1919 to 1973; and (iv) the late republican denial of the responsibility for the collective violence started in 1974 and continues today. Denial of Violence develops a novel theoretical, historical and methodological framework to understanding what happened and why the denial of collective violence against Armenians still persists within Turkish state and society.

Denial of Violence

Fatma Müge Göçek
Denial of Violence Book PDF

Author : Fatma Müge Göçek
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 681 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2015
Category : History
ISBN : 9780199334209

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Denial of Violence by Fatma Müge Göçek Pdf

To this day, the Turkish state officially denies that what happened to the Armenians in 1915 was genocide, while the Western scholarly community is almost in full agreement that what happened to the forcefully deported Armenian subjects of the Ottoman Empire in 1915 was genocide, in which approximately 800,000 to 1.5 million Armenians perished. This book studies why denial of collective violence persists in Turkish state and society.

Denial of Violence

Fatma Müge Göçek
Denial of Violence Book PDF

Author : Fatma Müge Göçek
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2014
Category : Armenians
ISBN : 0199395772

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Denial of Violence by Fatma Müge Göçek Pdf

To this day, the Turkish state officially denies that what happened to the Armenians in 1915 was genocide, while the Western scholarly community is almost in full agreement that what happened to the forcefully deported Armenian subjects of the Ottoman Empire in 1915 was genocide, in which approximately 800,000 to 1.5 million Armenians perished. This book studies why denial of collective violence persists in Turkish state and society.

Victims of Commemoration

Eray Çayli
Victims of Commemoration Book PDF

Author : Eray Çayli
Publisher : Syracuse University Press
Page : 247 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2022-08-03
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780815655466

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Victims of Commemoration by Eray Çayli Pdf

"Confronting the past" has become a byword for democratization. How societies and governments commemorate their violent pasts is often appraised as a litmus test of their democratization claims. Regardless of how critical such appraisals may be, they tend to share a fundamental assumption: commemoration, as a symbol of democratization, is ontologically distinct from violence. The pitfalls of this assumption have been nowhere more evident than in Turkey whose mainstream image on the world stage has rapidly descended from a regional beacon of democracy to a hotbed of violence within the space of a few recent years. In Victims of Commemoration, Eray Çayli draws upon extensive fieldwork he conducted in the prelude to the mid-2010s when Turkey’s global image fell from grace. This ethnography—the first of its kind—explores both activist and official commemorations at sites of state-endorsed violence in Turkey that have become the subject of campaigns for memorial museums. Reversing the methodological trajectory of existing accounts, Çayli works from the politics of urban and architectural space to grasp ethnic, religious, and ideological marginalization. Victims of Commemoration reveals that, whether campaigns for memorial museums bear fruit or not, architecture helps communities concentrate their political work against systemic problems. Sites significant to Kurdish, Alevi, and revolutionary-leftist struggles for memory and justice prompt activists to file petitions and lawsuits, organize protests, and build new political communities. In doing so, activists not only uphold the legacy of victims but also reject the identity of a passive victimhood being imposed on them. They challenge not only the ways specific violent pasts and their victims are represented, but also the structural violence which underpins deep-seated approaches to nationhood, publicness and truth, and which itself is a source of victimhood. Victims of Commemoration complicates our tendency to presume that violence ends where commemoration begins and that architecture’s role in both is reducible to a question of symbolism.

The Formation of Kurdishness in Turkey

Ramazan Aras
The Formation of Kurdishness in Turkey Book PDF

Author : Ramazan Aras
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 226 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2013-11-12
Category : History
ISBN : 9781134648719

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The Formation of Kurdishness in Turkey by Ramazan Aras Pdf

The Formation of Kurdishness in Turkey examines political violence, the politics of fear and the Kurdish experience of pain through an analysis of life stories, personal narratives and testimonies of Kurdish subjects in contemporary Turkey. It traces the physical and psychological impacts of the war between the state security forces and the PKK (Kurdistan Workers’ Party) guerrillas in the last three decades, in Kurdish populated areas in the south-eastern part of Turkey. Focusing on the instrumentalization of violence, the ensuing and manufactured culture of fear, gendered experiences of state violence, pain, incarceration, and corporeal punishment, Ramazan Aras argues that these phenomena have shaped contemporary Kurdish history and memory. Analysing occurrences of various forms of protracted state violence and fear not only as personal and differential markers experienced by individuals, but also as communally-felt phenomena which have engendered collective suffering, this book asserts that these traumatic experiences have marked the social body and produced a prevailing narrative of Kurdishness. Providing an anthropological study of political violence, fear, and pain amongst the Kurdish community in Turkey, this book will be welcomed by students and scholars of Kurdish Studies, Middle East Studies and Anthropology.

Genocide in the Ottoman Empire

George N. Shirinian
Genocide in the Ottoman Empire Book PDF

Author : George N. Shirinian
Publisher : Berghahn Books
Page : 444 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2017-02-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781785334337

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Genocide in the Ottoman Empire by George N. Shirinian Pdf

The final years of the Ottoman Empire were catastrophic ones for its non-Turkish, non-Muslim minorities. From 1913 to 1923, its rulers deported, killed, or otherwise persecuted staggering numbers of citizens in an attempt to preserve “Turkey for the Turks,” setting a modern precedent for how a regime can commit genocide in pursuit of political ends while largely escaping accountability. While this brutal history is most widely known in the case of the Armenian genocide, few appreciate the extent to which the Empire’s Assyrian and Greek subjects suffered and died under similar policies. This comprehensive volume is the first to broadly examine the genocides of the Armenians, Assyrians, and Greeks in comparative fashion, analyzing the similarities and differences among them and giving crucial context to present-day calls for recognition.

After the Ottomans

Hans-Lukas Kieser,Khatchig Mouradian,Seyhan Bayraktar
After the Ottomans Book PDF

Author : Hans-Lukas Kieser,Khatchig Mouradian,Seyhan Bayraktar
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 305 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2023-07-13
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780755649693

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After the Ottomans by Hans-Lukas Kieser,Khatchig Mouradian,Seyhan Bayraktar Pdf

This book deals with the lasting impact and the formative legacy of removal, dispossession and the politics of genocide in the last decade of the Ottoman Empire. For understanding contemporary Turkey and the neighboring region, it is important to revisit the massive transformation of the late-Ottoman world caused by persistent warfare between 1912 and 1922. This fourth volume of a series focusing on the “Ottoman Cataclysm” looks at the century-long consequences and persistent implications of the Armenian genocide. It deals with the actions and words of the Armenians as they grappled with total destruction and tried to emerge from under it. Eleven scholars of history, anthropology, literature and political science explore the Ottoman Armenians not only as the major victims of the First World War and the post-war treaties, but also as agents striving for survival, writing history, transmitting the memory and searching for justice.

Sacrificial Limbs

Salih Can Aciksoz
Sacrificial Limbs Book PDF

Author : Salih Can Aciksoz
Publisher : University of California Press
Page : 271 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2019-11-26
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780520305304

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Sacrificial Limbs by Salih Can Aciksoz Pdf

Sacrificial Limbs chronicles the everyday lives and political activism of disabled veterans of Turkey’s Kurdish war, one of the most volatile conflicts in the Middle East. Through nuanced ethnographic portraits, Açiksöz examines how veterans’ experiences of war and disability are closely linked to class, gender, and ultimately the embrace of ultranationalist right-wing politics. Bringing the reader into military hospitals, commemorations, political demonstrations, and veterans’ everyday spaces of care, intimacy, and activism, Sacrificial Limbs provides a vivid analysis of the multiple and sometimes contradictory forces that fashion veterans’ bodies, political subjectivities, and communities. It is essential reading for students and scholars interested in anthropology, masculinity, and disability.

The Day the Great War Ended, 24 July 1923

Jay Winter
The Day the Great War Ended 24 July 1923 Book PDF

Author : Jay Winter
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 260 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2022-10-06
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9780192870735

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The Day the Great War Ended, 24 July 1923 by Jay Winter Pdf

On 24 July 1923 the last Treaty ending hostilities in the Great War was signed at Lausanne in Switzerland. That Treaty closed a decade of violence. Jay Winter tells the story of what happened on that day. On the shores of Lake Geneva, diplomats, statesmen, and soldiers came from Ankara and Athens, from London, Paris, and Rome, and from other capital cities to affirm that war was over. The Treaty they signed fixed the boundaries of present-day Greece and Turkey, and marked a beginning of a new phase in their history. That was its major achievement, but it came at a high price. The Treaty contained within it a Compulsory Population Exchange agreement. By that measure, Greek-Orthodox citizens of Turkey, with the exception of those living in Constantinople, lost the right of citizenship and residence in that state. So did Muslim citizens of Greece, except for residents of Western Thrace. This exchange of nearly two million people, introduced to the peace conference by Nobel Prize winner and humanitarian Fridtjof Nansen, provided a solution to the immense refugee problem arising out of the Greek-Turkish war. At the same time, it introduced into international law a definition of citizenship defined not by language or history or ethnicity, but solely by religion. This set a precedent for ethnic cleansing followed time and again later in the century and beyond. The second price of peace was the burial of commitments to the Armenian people that they would have a homeland in the lands from which they had been expelled, tortured and murdered in the genocide of 1915. This book tells the story of the peace conference, and its outcome. It shows how peace came before justice, and how it set in motion forces leading to the global war that followed in 1939.

Daily Life in the Abyss

Vahé Tachjian
Daily Life in the Abyss Book PDF

Author : Vahé Tachjian
Publisher : Berghahn Books
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2018-12-17
Category : History
ISBN : 9781789200652

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Daily Life in the Abyss by Vahé Tachjian Pdf

Historical research into the Armenian Genocide has grown tremendously in recent years, but much of it has focused on large-scale questions related to Ottoman policy or the scope of the killing. Consequently, surprisingly little is known about the actual experiences of the genocide’s victims. Daily Life in the Abyss illuminates this aspect through the intertwined stories of two Armenian families who endured forced relocation and deprivation in and around modern-day Syria. Through analysis of diaries and other source material, it reconstructs the rhythms of daily life within an often bleak and hostile environment, in the face of a gradually disintegrating social fabric.

Identity, Conflict And Politics In Turkey, Iran And Pakistan

Gilles Dorronsoro,Olivier Grojean
Identity Conflict And Politics In Turkey Iran And Pakistan Book PDF

Author : Gilles Dorronsoro,Olivier Grojean
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2018-06-15
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780190934903

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Identity, Conflict And Politics In Turkey, Iran And Pakistan by Gilles Dorronsoro,Olivier Grojean Pdf

Ethnic and religious identity-markers compete with class and gender as principles shaping the organization and classification of everyday life. But how are an individual's identity-based conflicts transformed and redefined? Identity is a specific form of social capital, hence contexts where multiple identities obtain necessarily come with a hierarchy, with differences, and hence with a certain degree of hostility. The contributors to this book examine the rapid transformation of identity hierarchies affecting Iran, Pakistan and Turkey, a symptom of political fractures, social-economic transformation, and new regimes of subjectification. They focus on the state's role in organizing access to resources, with its institutions often being the main target of demands, rather than competing social groups. Such con- texts enable entrepreneurs of collective action to exploit identity differences, which in turn help them to expand the scale of their mobilization and to align local and national conflicts. The authors also examine how identity-based violence may be autonomous in certain contexts, and serve to prime collective action and transform the relations between communities.

Populist and Pro-Violence State Religion

Ihsan Yilmaz,Ismail Albayrak
Populist and Pro Violence State Religion Book PDF

Author : Ihsan Yilmaz,Ismail Albayrak
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 340 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2022-01-19
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9789811667077

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Populist and Pro-Violence State Religion by Ihsan Yilmaz,Ismail Albayrak Pdf

This book explores state–religion relations under a populist authoritarian ruling party in Turkey. In doing so, it investigates how the ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP) instrumentalizes state-controlled religion to further, defend, legitimatize and propagate its authoritarian populist political agenda in a constitutionally secular nation-state. To exemplify this, the authors examine the Friday sermons delivered weekly in every mosque in Turkey by the Turkish State’s Directorate of Religious Affairs (Diyanet). By analyzing all sermons delivered between 2010-2021, the book shows how the Diyanet has enthusiastically adopted AKP’s increasingly Islamist, authoritarian, civilisationist, militarist and pro-violence populism since 2010, and how it has tried to socially engineer beliefs in line with this ideology.

The Reckoning of Pluralism

Kabir Tambar
The Reckoning of Pluralism Book PDF

Author : Kabir Tambar
Publisher : Stanford University Press
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2014-04-16
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 0804786305

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The Reckoning of Pluralism by Kabir Tambar Pdf

The Turkish Republic was founded simultaneously on the ideal of universal citizenship and on acts of extraordinary exclusionary violence. Today, nearly a century later, the claims of minority communities and the politics of pluralism continue to ignite explosive debate. The Reckoning of Pluralism centers on the case of Turkey's Alevi community, a sizeable Muslim minority in a Sunni majority state. Alevis have seen their loyalty to the state questioned and experienced sectarian hostility, and yet their community is also championed by state ideologues as bearers of the nation's folkloric heritage. Kabir Tambar offers a critical appraisal of the tensions of democratic pluralism. Rather than portraying pluralism as a governing ideal that loosens restrictions on minorities, he focuses on the forms of social inequality that it perpetuates and on the political vulnerabilities to which minority communities are thereby exposed. Alevis today are often summoned by political officials to publicly display their religious traditions, but pluralist tolerance extends only so far as these performances will validate rather than disturb historical ideologies of national governance and identity. Focused on the inherent ambivalence of this form of political incorporation, Tambar ultimately explores the intimate coupling of modern political belonging and violence, of political inclusion and domination, contained within the practices of pluralism.