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Commodification refers most explicitly to the activities of turning things into commodities and of commercializing that which is not commercial in essence. The mass marketing of pets, the rise of the coffin industry, the conversion of preacher into salesmen, and the globalization of Taleggio cheese are some of the exciting but surprising topics in this volume that show how friendship, death, spirituality, and artisanship all have a price after being commodified. This unique collection of essays is a fascinating take on creating consumer products and consumer identities when what's for sale goes well beyond the thing itself. It will be a course-in-a-box for instructors who want to teach their students about commodification.
Sustaining a Hindu universe at an everyday life level requires an extraordinary range of religious specialists and ritual paraphernalia. At the level of practice, devotional Hinduism is an embodied religion and grounded in a materiality, that makes the presence of specific physical objects (which when used in worship also carry immense ritual and symbolic load) an indispensable part of its religious practices. Traditionally, both services and objects required for worship were provided and produced by occupational communities. The almost sacred connection between caste groups and occupation/profession has been clearly severed in many diasporic locations, but importantly in India itself. As such, skills and expertise required for producing an array of physical objects in order to support Hindu worship have been taken over by clusters of individuals with no traditional, historical connection with caste-related knowledge. Both the transference and disconnect just noted have been crucial for the ultimate commodification of objects used in the act of Hindu worship, and the emergence of an analogous commercial industry as a result. These developments condense highly complex processes that need careful conceptual explication, a task that is exciting and carries enormous potential for theoretical reflections in key fields of study. Using the lens of ‘visuality’ and ‘materiality,’ Sinha offers insights into the everyday material religious lives of Hindus as they strive to sustain theistic, devotional Hinduism in diasporic locations--particularly Singapore, Malaysia, and Tamilnadu--where religious objects have become commodified.
Religious Commodifications in Asia by Pattana Kitiarsa Pdf
This book addresses the growing academic concerns of the market-religion convergences in Asia. Bringing together a group of leading scholars from Asia, Europe, Australia and North America, it discusses multiple issues regarding religious commodifications and their consequences across Asia’s diverse religious traditions. Covering key issues in the anthropology and sociology of contemporary Asian religion, it draws theoretical implications for the study of religions in the light of the shift of religious institutions from traditional religious beliefs to material prosperity. The fact that religions compete with each other in a ‘market of faiths’ is also at the core of the analysis. The contributions show how ordinary people and religious institutions in Asia adjusted to, and negotiated with, the penetrative forces of a global market economy into the region’s changing religio-cultural landscapes. An excellent contribution to the growing demands of ethnographically and theoretically updated interpretations of Asian religions, Religious Commodifications in Asia will be of interest to scholars of Asian religion and new religious movements.
Commodification and Its Discontents by Nicholas Abercrombie Pdf
Should human organs be bought and sold? Is it right that richer people should be able to pay poorer people to wait in a queue for them? Should objects in museums ever be sold? The assumption underlying such questions is that there are things that should not be bought and sold because it would give them a financial value that would replace some other, and dearly held, human value. Those who ask questions of this kind often fear that the replacement of human by money values – a process of commodification – is sweeping all before it. However, as Nicholas Abercrombie argues, commodification can be, and has been, resisted by the development of a moral climate that defines certain things as outside a market. That resistance, however, is never complete because the two regimes of value – human and money – are both necessary for the sustainability of society. His analysis of these processes offers a thought-provoking read that will appeal to students and scholars interested in market capitalism and culture.
Controversies in Contemporary Religion by Paul Hedges Pdf
Religious or spiritual beliefs underpin many controversies and conflicts in the contemporary world. Written by a range of scholarly contributors, this three-volume set provides contextual background information and detailed explanations of religious controversies across the globe. Controversies in Contemporary Religion: Education, Law, Politics, Society, and Spirituality is a three-volume set that addresses a wide variety of current religious issues, analyzing religion's role in the rise of fundamentalism, censorship, human rights, environmentalism and sustainability, sexuality, bioethics, and other questions of widespread interest. Providing in-depth context and analysis far beyond what's available in the news or online, this work will enable readers to understand the nature of and reasons for controversies in current headlines. The first volume covers theoretical and academic debates, the second looks at debates in the public square and ethical issues, while the third examines specific issues and case studies. These volumes bring detailed and careful debate of a range of controversies together in one place, including topics not often coveredfor example, how religions promote or hinder social cohesion and peace, the relationship of religions to human rights, and the intersection of Buddhism and violence. Written by a range of experts that includes both established and emerging scholars, the text explains key debates in ways that are accessible and easy to understand for lay readers as well as undergraduate students researching particular issues or global religious trends.
The New Blackwell Companion to the Sociology of Religion by Bryan S. Turner Pdf
Reflecting the very latest developments in the field, the NewCompanion provides a comprehensive introduction to thesociology of religion with a clear emphasis on comparative andhistorical approaches. Covers major debates in secularization theory, rational choicetheory, feminism and the body Takes a multidisciplinary approach, covering history,sociology, anthropology, and religious studies International in its scope, covering American exceptionalism,Native American spirituality, and China, Europe, and SoutheastAsia Offers discussions on the latest developments, including"megachurches", spirituality, post-secular society andglobalization
A groundbreaking approach to information sharing among government agencies: using selective incentives to “nudge” them to exchange information assets. The computer systems of government agencies are notoriously complex. New technologies are piled on older technologies, creating layers that call to mind an archaeological dig. Obsolete programming languages and closed mainframe designs offer barriers to integration with other agency systems. Worldwide, these unwieldy systems waste billions of dollars, keep citizens from receiving services, and even—as seen in interoperability failures on 9/11 and during Hurricane Katrina—cost lives. In this book, Alon Peled offers a groundbreaking approach for enabling information sharing among public sector agencies: using selective incentives to “nudge” agencies to exchange information assets. Peled proposes the establishment of a Public Sector Information Exchange (PSIE), through which agencies would trade information. After describing public sector information sharing failures and the advantages of incentivized sharing, Peled examines the U.S. Open Data program, and the gap between its rhetoric and results. He offers examples of creative public sector information sharing in the United States, Australia, Brazil, the Netherlands, and Iceland. Peled argues that information is a contested commodity, and draws lessons from the trade histories of other contested commodities—including cadavers for anatomical dissection in nineteenth-century Britain. He explains how agencies can exchange information as a contested commodity through a PSIE program tailored to an individual country's needs, and he describes the legal, economic, and technical foundations of such a program. Touching on issues from data ownership to freedom of information, Peled offers pragmatic advice to politicians, bureaucrats, technologists, and citizens for revitalizing critical information flows.
With cosmopolitan illusions put to rest, Europe is now haunted by a pervasive neoliberal transformation of citizenship that subordinates inclusion, protection, and belonging to rationalities of value. Against the backdrop of four major crises - Eurozone, refugee, Brexit, and the COVID-19 pandemic - this book explores how neoliberal citizenship rewrites identities and solidarities in economic terms. The result is a sacralized market order in which those superfluous to economic needs and regarded as unproductive consumers of resources - be they undocumented migrants, debased citizens of austerity, or the elderly in care homes - are excluded and sacrificed for the well-being of the economy. Pushing biopolitical theorizing in novel directions through an investigation of the political economy of scarcity and the theology of the market, Neoliberal Citizenship reveals how a common thread connects the suspension of search-and-rescue missions in the Mediterranean, the punitive bailout of Greece, the widespread adoption of austerity measures, the normalization of racism, the celebration of resilience, and the fact that in Europe and North America, during the first wave of the pandemic, almost half of all COVID-19 deaths were care home residents. This thread is the sacralization of the market that, by making life conditional upon its economic and emotional value, turns 'less valuable' individuals into sacrificial subjects. Neoliberal Citizenship challenges established understandings of citizenship, brings to light new regimes of inclusion and exclusion, and advances critical insights on the future of neoliberalism in a post-COVID-19 world.
Embedded in an historical account of the development of U.S. capitalism up to the present day, this book gives the reader a thorough description of the major aspects of the U.S. economy, as well as a theoretical understanding of the overall economy. A particular focus of this book is how free markets work in capitalism and the interrelationship between markets and the government. Of particular interest in the current economic situation is the question of what can the government do to get the economy going again. Underlying the standard economics text today is the fundamental belief that leaving markets as free as possible will lead to the ideal economy. Directly opposing this approach, this book takes a critical stance toward free markets. Rather than viewing markets as the ideal solution to almost all economic problems, this book argues that markets are not always the answer. On the contrary, they are often the problem, and must be corrected by government action. Related to this critical stance, and in a further departure from current economics texts, this book takes an explicitly Keynesian approach to the macro-economy. Rejecting the free market approach which dominates both micro- and macro-economics today, this book offers a fresh perspective on economics and the economy today.
Author : Charles F. McGovern Publisher : Univ of North Carolina Press Page : 553 pages File Size : 46,5 Mb Release : 2009-01-06 Category : History ISBN : 9780807876640
At the turn of the twentieth century, an emerging consumer culture in the United States promoted constant spending to meet material needs and develop social identity and self-cultivation. In Sold American, Charles F. McGovern examines the key players active in shaping this cultural evolution: advertisers and consumer advocates. McGovern argues that even though these two professional groups invented radically different models for proper spending, both groups propagated mass consumption as a specifically American social practice and an important element of nationality and citizenship. Advertisers, McGovern shows, used nationalist ideals, icons, and political language to define consumption as the foundation of the pursuit of happiness. Consumer advocates, on the other hand, viewed the market with a republican-inspired skepticism and fought commercial incursions on consumer independence. The result, says McGovern, was a redefinition of the citizen as consumer. The articulation of an "American Way of Life" in the Depression and World War II ratified consumer abundance as the basis of a distinct American culture and history.
Food, Foodways and Foodscapes by Lily Kong,Vineeta Sinha Pdf
' This fascinating and insightful volume introduces readers to food as a window to the social and cultural history and geography of Singapore. It demonstrates how the food we consume, the ways in which we acquire and prepare it, the company we keep as we cook and eat, and our preferences and practices are all revealing of a larger economic, social, cultural and political world, both historically and in contemporary times. Readers will be captivated by chapters that deal with the intersections of food and ethnicity, gender and class, food hybridity, innovations and creativity, heritage and change, globalization and localization, and more. This is a must-read for anyone interested in Singapore culture and society. Contents:Theorising Contemporary Foodscapes: Conceptual and Empirical Insights from Singapore (Lily Kong and Vineeta Sinha)Taking the Street Out of Street Food (Chua Beng Huat)Singapore''s "Snackscapes" (Adeline Tay)Tasting Memories, Cooking Heritage: A Sensuous Invitation to Remember (Kelvin E Y Low)Placing Pig Farming in Post-Independence Singapore: Community, Development and Landscapes of Rurality (Harvey Neo)The Kopitiam in Singapore: An Evolving Story about Cultural Diversity and Cultural Politics (Lai Ah Eng)The Taste of Retro: Nostalgia, Sensory Landscapes and Cosmopolitanism in Singapore (Jean Duruz)Mapping Singapore''s Culinary Landscape: Is Anyone Cooking? (Vineeta Sinha)Bloggers, Critics and Photographers in the Mediation of Food Consumption (Tan Xiang Ru, Amy)From Sushi in Singapore to Laksa in London: Globalising Foodways and the Production of Economy and Identity (Lily Kong) Readership: General public and a must-read for anyone interested in Singapore culture and society. Key Features:There is currently no single volume that addresses the history and geography of food in Singapore in the post-colonial years; this is the first of its kindThe volume provides a critical analysis of food within a larger economic, social and cultural context, and is not merely a celebratory narrativeIt brings together some of the key scholars on food in SingaporeKeywords:Food;Foodways;Foodscapes;Post-colonial Singapore;Culture;Community;Consumption "This book is a multidisciplinary masterpiece and the intensely researched examination that the foodways and foodscapes of Singapore deserves. Comprehensive in its examination of changing food practices, this volume powerfully connects consumption, production, built environments, home kitchens, hawker centres, and the sensory experience of food. It is a must read for anyone interested in how a multidisciplinary analysis can enliven the study of food in diverse cities." Daniel Bender Canada Research Chair in Global Culture and Director Culinaria Research Centre University of Toronto "In the many reflections for SG50, nothing comes closer to Singapore''s identity than the city-state''s diversified, multi-ethnic and delectable foods. The 10 chapters in this book are a much welcomed multidisciplinary academic intervention of the quintessential Singaporean passion of eating and snacking. This book savours all its foodscapes, foodways and cuisines through its street foods, hawker centres, kopitiams and restaurants. Singapore''s food obsession best undergirds Joseph Nye''s ''soft power'', an expression of ''Eurasian'' cultural fusion, Asian gastronomical delights and cosmopolitan consumption which variously defines Singapore''s national identity, its innovative expressions, its tourist beaconing, its recollection of ''sensory heritage'', its transcultural involvement, and its global-local statement. Sample Singapore''s mouth-watering creativity through its social, cultural, political, historical, and economic taste buds. This is definitely a digestible book worth consuming." Victor R Savage National University of Singapore "Journey through kampungs and kopitiams and find out why food is so important in Singapore culture! An essential read for anyone seeking to understand Singapore food!" Leslie Tay Author, blogger and self-proclaimed gastro-geek http://ieatishootipost.sg "Food, Foodways and Foodscapes is an extraordinary and a rare book that is simultaneously richly descriptive, deeply evocative, and sharply analytical. It provides a welcome and much needed shift in the locus of discussion from the over-written spaces of restaurants and TVs in North Atlantic nations, to the streets, the home, and the web, in a city-state in southeast Asia, which is precisely what makes it theoretically fecund." Krishnendu Ray New York University & President, Association for the Study of Food & Society "This is one of the most accessible and comprehensive book to chart Singapore''s food history … It is an excellent starting point for anyone keen to understand the ways in which Singaporeans think about and enjoy, food." The Sunday Times, Singapore '
Globalization, Inequality and the Commodification of Life and Well-Being by Mammo Muchie Pdf
Wealth and money, which are meant to be sources of human happiness and facilitators of good social relations has instead become a monstrosity beyond human control. The unbridled quest to make money and accumulate wealth as well as assign social signification on the basis of the outcome of individuals' efforts in the process has ended up distorting existence and the meaning of being human itself. This work brings together a collection of very provocative and challenging articles that confront the problems created by wealth. Can there be happiness when wealth is increasingly concentrated in fewer and fewer hands? Can wealth really bring happiness? And what are the implications of the current trend to commodify everything for the project of human happiness? The contributors to the volume argue that there is a need to change wealth accumulation and its core purpose. They contend that from wealth accumulation the gear must change to wealth alleviation, because the ways the rich become wealthy often correlate with the ways the number of the poor increase. Following from this, they argue that rather than the current focus on poverty alleviation, the focus should shift to wealth alleviation because a happy future for all lies in promoting human well-being and removing human ill-being through the spring wells of solidarity and humanity.
Determining Legal Parentage by Yehezkel Margalit Pdf
Offering intentional parenthood as the most appropriate, flexible and just normative doctrine for resolving the various dilemmas that have surfaced in the modern era.
Life is a journey. Life is short. In our more reflective moments, we remember these truths. And yet, our lives are often lived in a distracted, fragmented, and unexamined way. How have you been faring in your inner life lately? Have you given thought to your walk with God and with fellow believers? And how should our faith influence us as we live in the world? This book is a collection of 52 short reflections, curated to help you follow Christ in a more authentic and faithful way. Read, recharge, and be made new as you reflect on what in life truly matters.