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Author : L. N. Rangarajan
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 390 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 1978
Category : Commodity control
ISBN : UOM:39015046847755
Author : Oxfam GB,Steven Van Damme
Publisher : Oxfam
Page : 28 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : Congo (Democratic Republic)
ISBN : 9781780772103
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 56 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 1974
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : MINN:31951001850601T
Author : Emiko Atimomo
Publisher : Springer
Page : 397 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 1981-10-08
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781349050840
Author : Cameron Thies,Timothy M. Peterson
Publisher : Stanford University Press
Page : 206 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2015-10-28
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780804797207
Intra-Industry Trade calls for us to rethink what trade most often looks like and how it shapes global institutions, fostering peace among states. Cameron G. Thies and Timothy M. Peterson argue that our understanding of trade has not kept pace with its changing nature in the 21st century; existing models, rooted in Ricardo's theories, regard trade uniformly as taking place between entities and countries that offer different commodities and operate according to the logic of comparative advantage. Though this type of exchange does take place, intra-industry trade—international trade of the same or similar commodities, in which foreign and domestic brands compete—is increasingly prevalent. The authors argue that our current academic and policymaking focus on the total volume of trade, rather than its composition, is misplaced. Trade composition matters, not just because it gives us a fuller understanding of how trade works, but also because intra-industry trade increases the likelihood of positive institutional relations and cooperation between states. To illustrate their point, the authors examine the effects that intra-industry trade has on Preferential Trade Agreement formation, its tendency to lessen World Trade Organization disputes and militarized conflict, and its ability to pave the way for new and fortified alliances.
Author : Simon Bodek
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2023
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:1424637566
Global commodity markets have undergone significant turmoil since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. In the midst of this situation, Russia invaded Ukraine, sending prices skyrocketing. In the two years since this conflict began, the question has become: how has the Russia-Ukraine war impacted commodities long-term, and can those impacts have predictive value for future crises? This paper answers this question through a quantitative analysis of key exports, comparing those of the impacted country to global values, in particular those of price and lead time. Supplemental analysis of other crises since 2000 provide additional data points to determine how much a commodity's price increases in the global market due to the extent a country is a significant exporter of that particular commodity. The resulting regression model is then used to estimate the price increase of selected exports in a hypothetical China-Taiwan conflict. The findings indicate that commodities heavily produced in Ukraine and Russia have had significant price spikes but are dependent on the commodity and overall industry. Commodities that are more dependent on a particular country for production do not exhibit greater price increases than those that are not as dependent due to external market forces. A country's strength in exports only accounts for twenty percent of price increases. Yet despite this limitation, these variables provide a method to predict price changes in the face of mounting natural disasters and political conflicts that threaten global commodity markets.
Author : Natalija Novta,Evgenia Pugacheva
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 26 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2020-06-26
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781513547756
Macroeconomic costs of conflict are generally very large, with GDP per capita about 28 percent lower ten years after conflict onset. This is overwhelmingly driven by private consumption, which falls by 25 percent ten years after conflict onset. Conflict is also associated with dramatic declines in official trade, with exports (imports) estimated to be 58 (34) percent lower ten years after conflict onset. The onset of conflict often also induces significant refugee outflows to neighboring non-advanced countries in the short run, and relatively small but very persistent refugee outflows to advanced countries over the long run. Finally, we stress that conflict should be defined in terms of the number of people killed relative to the total population. The traditional definition of conflict—based on the absolute number of deaths—skews the sample toward low-intensity conflicts in large countries, thereby understating the negative effects of conflict from a macroeconomic perspective.
Author : Kenzo Hemmi
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 1974
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:613743121
Author : Paul D. Williams
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 400 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2016-06-23
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781509509089
After the Cold War, Africa earned the dubious distinction of being the world's most bloody continent. But how can we explain this proliferation of armed conflicts? What caused them and what were their main characteristics? And what did the world's governments do to stop them? In this fully revised and updated second edition of his popular text, Paul Williams offers an in-depth and wide-ranging assessment of more than six hundred armed conflicts which took place in Africa from 1990 to the present day - from the continental catastrophe in the Great Lakes region to the sprawling conflicts across the Sahel and the web of wars in the Horn of Africa. Taking a broad comparative approach to examine the political contexts in which these wars occurred, he explores the major patterns of organized violence, the key ingredients that provoked them and the major international responses undertaken to deliver lasting peace. Part I, Contexts provides an overview of the most important attempts to measure the number, scale and location of Africa's armed conflicts and provides a conceptual and political sketch of the terrain of struggle upon which these wars were waged. Part II, Ingredients analyses the role of five widely debated features of Africa's wars: the dynamics of neopatrimonial systems of governance; the construction and manipulation of ethnic identities; questions of sovereignty and self-determination; as well as the impact of natural resources and religion. Part III, Responses, discusses four major international reactions to Africa's wars: attempts to build a new institutional architecture to help promote peace and security on the continent; this architecture's two main policy instruments, peacemaking initiatives and peace operations; and efforts to develop the continent. War and Conflict in Africa will be essential reading for all students of international peace and security studies as well as Africa's international relations.
Author : Maximilian Eduard Oehl
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 321 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2021-12-07
Category : Law
ISBN : 9783030894962
This open access book examines the governance and legal landscape of the global commodity sector. For that purpose, the author conceptualises both Global Commodity Governance (GCG) as well as Transnational Commodity Law (TCL). He defines the key terms of Global Commodity Governance, delineates the underlying legal framework of Transnational Commodity Law, and assesses the effectiveness of Transnational Commodity Law in fostering a functional commodity sector. “Sustainable Commodity Use” is based on a comprehensive analysis of over 250 international agreements, standards, and guiding documents. The author distils the main findings into a conceptualisation of Transnational Commodity Law and provides the reader with a succinct overview of its normative configurations as well as regulatory gaps. Moreover, he elaborates a taxonomy of International Commodity Agreements. In addition, an outline of the normative substance of Transnational Commodity Law features in an appendix to the main text. The author concludes by making concrete suggestions on how rules regulating commodity activities de lege ferenda could and should be designed to improve the effectiveness of law regulating transnational commodity activity. In doing so, he demonstrates the application of the sustainable use principle as the overall objective and purpose of Transnational Commodity Law and discusses International Commodity Agreements as future regulatory instruments. This book may assist lawmakers, practitioners, civil society advocates, and academics worldwide in developing a legal framework for sustainable global commodity activity.
Author : Roland Herrmann,Kees Burger,Hidde P. Smit
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 327 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2023-04-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781000869897
Originally published in 1993, this book provides an excellent analysis of commodity policies internationally during the late 20th Century. It discusses 2 major methods of market regulation: price stabilization – based on buffer stocks or export quotas – and compensatory finance. The authors analyse whether major commodity policies have reached their primary objectives and to what extent they have had economic side effects. Discussion of more general policy issues centres around three international commodity agreements for coffee, rubber and cocoa. The authors also look at the policies adopted by individual nations to regulate commodity trading and assess to what extent they have reached their objectives. A discussion of the intervention of the International Monetary Fund and STABEX assesses the degree of stability they can provide in a highly volatile and variable environment. Nearly 30 years later, volatile world commodity markets are still a major issue in the policy dialogue. Although topics, policy instruments and concepts have changed, this book remains a fundamental contribution to the study of international commodity policy. It will be of great interest to students of commodity policy and economic development and economists in national and international organizations dealing with market stabilization.
Author : Fiona Gordon-Ashworth
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 344 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2024-02-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781003847793
Originally published in 1984, at a time when international commodity control was brought from the periphery to the centre of international trade policy, this book provided a new and more comprehensive approach to, and an analytical appraisal of, international commodity controls, from their origins in the 1920s to their widespread acceptance as an important element in international trade policy in the 1970s. The first part establishes the economic and institutional background against which controls were introduced and includes sections on a wide range of issues such as the changing structure of world commodity trade and the roles of GATT, UNCTAD and the former EEC. Part 2 considers the principal control mechanisms which have been used at the international level and review the national counterparts and alternatives. Part 3 assesses on a commodity-by-commodity basis how the control worked in practice. It covers all the international commodity agreements to 1982 and also considers examples of raw material cartels.
Author : United States. General Accounting Office
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 64 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 1978
Category : Foreign trade promotion
ISBN : MINN:31951D023398564
Author : Ian Bannon,Paul Collier
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 432 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2003-01-01
Category : Nature
ISBN : 0821355031
Research carried out by the World Bank on the root causes of conflict and civil war finds that a developing country's economic dependence on natural resources or other primary commodities is strongly associated with the risk level for violent conflict. This book brings together a collection of reports and case studies that explore what the international community in particular can do to reduce this risk.; The text explains the links between natural resources and conflict and examines the impact of resource dependence on economic performance, governance, secessionist movements and revel financing. It then explores avenues for international action - from financial and resource reporting procedures and policy recommendations to commodity tracking systems and enforcement instruments, including sanctions, certification requirements, aid conditionality, legislative and judicial instruments.
Author : K. R. Khan
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 462 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 1982-06-29
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9024725542