Communicative Organization In Natural Language The Semantic Communicative Structure Of Sentences

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Communicative Organization in Natural Language

Igor A. Mel’?uk
Communicative Organization in Natural Language Book PDF

Author : Igor A. Mel’?uk
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
Page : 408 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2001-10-30
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9789027294838

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Communicative Organization in Natural Language by Igor A. Mel’?uk Pdf

The book defines the concept of Semantic-Communicative Structure [= Sem-CommS]-a formal object that is imposed on the starting Semantic Structure [= SemS] of a sentence (under text synthesis) in order to turn the selected meaning into a linguistic message. The Sem-CommS is a system of eight logically independent oppositions: 1. Thematicity (Rheme vs. Theme), 2. Givenness (Given vs. Old), 3. Focalization (Focalized vs. Non-Focalized), 4. Perspective (Foregrounded vs. Backgrounded), 5. Emphasis (Emphasized vs. Non-Emphasized), 6. Presupposedness (Presupposed vs. Non-Presupposed), 7. Unitariness (Unitary vs. Articulated), 8. Locutionality (Communicated vs. Signaled). The values of these oppositions mark particular subnetworks of the starting SemS and thus allow for the distinction between sentences such as (a) A man killed a dog vs. The dog was killed by a man, (b) John washed the window vs. It was John who washed the window or (c) It hurts! vs. Ouch! The proposed Sem-Comm-oppositions are conceived as an attempt at sharpening the well-known notions of Topic ~ Comment, Focus, etc. Possible linguistic strategies for expressing the values of the Sem-Comm-oppositions in different languages are discussed at some length, with linguistic illustrations.

Communicative Organization in Natural Language. The Semantic-communicative Structure of Sentences

Igor A. Uk
Communicative Organization in Natural Language The Semantic communicative Structure of Sentences Book PDF

Author : Igor A. Uk
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:732803911

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Communicative Organization in Natural Language. The Semantic-communicative Structure of Sentences by Igor A. Uk Pdf

The book defines the concept of Semantic-Communicative Structure [= Sem-CommS]-a formal object that is imposed on the starting Semantic Structure [= SemS] of a sentence (under text synthesis) in order to turn the selected meaning into a linguistic message.

Communicative Organization in Natural Language

Igor? Aleksandrovi? Mel??uk
Communicative Organization in Natural Language Book PDF

Author : Igor? Aleksandrovi? Mel??uk
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
Page : 414 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9027230609

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Communicative Organization in Natural Language by Igor? Aleksandrovi? Mel??uk Pdf

The book defines the concept of Semantic-Communicative Structure [= Sem-CommS]-a formal object that is imposed on the starting Semantic Structure [= SemS] of a sentence (under text synthesis) in order to turn the selected meaning into a linguistic message. The Sem-CommS is a system of eight logically independent oppositions: 1. Thematicity (Rheme vs. Theme), 2. Givenness (Given vs. Old), 3. Focalization (Focalized vs. Non-Focalized), 4. Perspective (Foregrounded vs. Backgrounded), 5. Emphasis (Emphasized vs. Non-Emphasized), 6. Presupposedness (Presupposed vs. Non-Presupposed), 7. Unitariness (Unitary vs. Articulated), 8. Locutionality (Communicated vs. Signaled). The values of these oppositions mark particular subnetworks of the starting SemS and thus allow for the distinction between sentences such as (a) A man killed a dog vs. The dog was killed by a man, (b) John washed the window vs. It was John who washed the window or (c) It hurts! vs. Ouch! The proposed Sem-Comm-oppositions are conceived as an attempt at sharpening the well-known notions of Topic ~ Comment, Focus, etc. Possible linguistic strategies for expressing the values of the Sem-Comm-oppositions in different languages are discussed at some length, with linguistic illustrations.

Handbook of Natural Language Processing

Nitin Indurkhya,Fred J. Damerau
Handbook of Natural Language Processing Book PDF

Author : Nitin Indurkhya,Fred J. Damerau
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 704 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2010-02-22
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781420085938

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Handbook of Natural Language Processing by Nitin Indurkhya,Fred J. Damerau Pdf

The Handbook of Natural Language Processing, Second Edition presents practical tools and techniques for implementing natural language processing in computer systems. Along with removing outdated material, this edition updates every chapter and expands the content to include emerging areas, such as sentiment analysis.New to the Second EditionGreater

Syntax–Semantics Interface

Hajičová, Eva
Syntax Semantics Interface Book PDF

Author : Hajičová, Eva
Publisher : Charles University in Prague, Karolinum Press
Page : 294 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2018-03-01
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9788024637143

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Syntax–Semantics Interface by Hajičová, Eva Pdf

The volume SYNTAX-SEMANTICS INTERFACE is a collection of selected studies written by Eva Hajičová and published between the years 1973 and 2014. The contributions are based on the theoretical framework of the Functional Generative Description as proposed by Petr Sgall in early sixties and developed further by him and his followers since then. Thematically, the volume reflects the author’s research contributions to four main domains: (i) the specification of the underlying (deep) sentence structure (analyzed in terms of dependency relations), (ii) the information structure of the sentence (topic-focus articulation) and its relation to the specification of presupposition and negation and to other related phenomena, (iii) building of a scheme of annotated corpus of Czech to serve among other things for verification of linguistic theoretical claims, and (iv) some fundamental aspects of discourse structure, namely the notion of the hiearachy of elements in the stock of knowledge shared by the speaker and the hearer. All the papers except for one have been originally published in English and in they pay due respect to a comparison of the author’s original findings with the currrent state-of-the-art of linguistic theory at home and abroad.

'Subordination' Versus 'coordination' in Sentence and Text

Cathrine Fabricius-Hansen,Wiebke Ramm
Subordination Versus coordination in Sentence and Text Book PDF

Author : Cathrine Fabricius-Hansen,Wiebke Ramm
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
Page : 374 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9027231095

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'Subordination' Versus 'coordination' in Sentence and Text by Cathrine Fabricius-Hansen,Wiebke Ramm Pdf

The papers collected in this volume (including a comprehensive introduction) investigate semantic and discourse-related aspects of subordination and coordination, in particular the relationship between subordination/coordination at the sentence level and subordination/coordination - or hierarchical/non-hierarchical organization - at the discourse level. The contributions in part I are concerned with central theoretical questions; part II consists of corpus-based cross-linguistic studies of clause combining and discourse structure, involving at least two of the languages English, German, Dutch, French and Norwegian; part III contains papers addressing specific - predominantly semantic - topics relating to German, English or French; and the papers in part IV approach the topic of subordination, coordination and rhetorical relations from a diachronic (Old Indic and Early Germanic) perspective. The book aims to contribute to a better understanding of information packaging on the sentence and text level related, within a particular language as well as cross-linguistically.

Information Structure in Indigenous Languages of the Americas

José Camacho,Rodrigo Gutiérrez-Bravo,Liliana Sánchez
Information Structure in Indigenous Languages of the Americas Book PDF

Author : José Camacho,Rodrigo Gutiérrez-Bravo,Liliana Sánchez
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2010-07-30
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783110228533

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Information Structure in Indigenous Languages of the Americas by José Camacho,Rodrigo Gutiérrez-Bravo,Liliana Sánchez Pdf

The study of the interaction between syntax and information structure has attracted a great deal of attention since the publication of foundational works on this subject such as Enric Vallduví's (1992) The Informational Component and Knud Lambrecht's (1994) Information Structure and Sentence Form. The book inserts itself in this contemporary interest by providing a collection of articles on different aspects of the syntax-pragmatics interface in the indigenous languages of The Americas. The first chapter provides a brief introduction of the some of the basic descriptive issues addressed in them, and of some of the theoretical tools that have been developed to analyze them. The reader finds articles that focus mostly on empirical issues, while others are mostly oriented to theoretical issues. Diverse theoretical approaches are addressed, including Minimalism, Optimality-theoretic syntax, and Meaning-Text Theory. The volume includes articles on the following topics: the grammatical means to encode pragmatic notions in Tariana (A. Aikhenvald); the relation between clause structure and information structure in Lushootseed (D. Beck); the split distribution of null subjects in Shipibo (J. Camacho and J. Elías-Ulloa); the syntactic structure of left-peripheral discourse-related functions in Kuikuro (B. Franchetto and M. Santos), an agglutinative and head final language; word order and focus patterns in Yaqui (L. Guerrero and V. Belloro); SVO and topicalization in Yucatec Maya (R. Gutiérrez-Bravo and J. Monforte); the structure of the left-periphery in Karaja (Maia) and the interaction between the wh-words and polarity sensitivity in Southern Quechua (L. Sánchez).

Cross-Linguistic Semantics

Cliff Goddard
Cross Linguistic Semantics Book PDF

Author : Cliff Goddard
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
Page : 378 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2008-04-10
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9789027291370

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Cross-Linguistic Semantics by Cliff Goddard Pdf

Cross-linguistic semantics – investigating how languages package and express meanings differently – is central to the linguistic quest to understand the nature of human language. This set of studies explores and demonstrates cross-linguistic semantics as practised in the natural semantic metalanguage (NSM) framework, originated by Anna Wierzbicka. The opening chapters give a state-of-the-art overview of the NSM model, propose several theoretical innovations and advance a number of original analyses in connection with names and naming, clefts and other specificational sentences, and discourse anaphora. Subsequent chapters describe and analyse diverse phenomena in ten languages from multiple families, geographical locations, and cultural settings around the globe. Three substantial studies document how the metalanguage of NSM semantic primes can be realised in languages of widely differing types: Amharic (Ethiopia), Korean, and East Cree. Each constitutes a lexicogrammatical portrait in miniature of the language concerned. Other chapters probe topics such as inalienable possession in Koromu (Papua New Guinea), epistemic verbs in Swedish, hyperpolysemy in Bunuba (Australia), the expression of "momentariness" in Berber, ethnogeometry in Makasai (East Timor), value concepts in Russian, and “virtuous emotions” in Japanese. This book will be valuable for linguists working on language description, lexical semantics, or the semantics of grammar, for advanced students of linguistics, and for others interested in language universals and language diversity.

Computational Dependency Theory

IOS Press
Computational Dependency Theory Book PDF

Author : IOS Press
Publisher : IOS Press
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2013-12-03
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781614993520

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Computational Dependency Theory by IOS Press Pdf

Dependencies – directed labeled graph structures representing hierarchical relations between morphemes, words, and semantic units – are the standard representation in many fields of computational linguistics. The linguistic significance of these structures often remains vague, however, and those working in the field stress the need for the development of a common notational and formal basis. Although dependency analysis has become quasi-hegemonic in Natural Language Processing (NLP), the connection between computational linguistics and dependency linguists remains sporadic. But theoretical dependency linguists and computational linguists have much to share. This book presents papers from the International Conference on Dependency Linguistics (Depling 2011) held in Barcelona, Spain, in September 2011. Beginning with what may be the first formal definition of dependency structure, the book continues with papers covering subjects such as: the interface of the syntactic structures with semantics; mapping semantic structures to text surface by means of statistical language generation; formalization of dependency; advances in dependency parsing; and the link between statistical and rule-based dependency parsing. This comprehensive collection gives a coherent overview of recent advances in the interplay of linguistics and natural language engineering around dependency grammars, ranging from definitional challenges of syntactic functions to formal grammars, tree bank development, and parsing issues

Investigations of the Syntax-semantics-pragmatics Interface

Robert D. Van Valin
Investigations of the Syntax semantics pragmatics Interface Book PDF

Author : Robert D. Van Valin
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
Page : 512 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9789027205728

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Investigations of the Syntax-semantics-pragmatics Interface by Robert D. Van Valin Pdf

Investigations of the Syntax-Semantics-Pragmatics Interface presents on-going research in Role and Reference Grammar in a number of critical areas of linguistic theory: verb semantics and argument structure, the nature of syntactic categories and syntactic representation, prosody and syntax, information structure and syntax, and the syntax and semantics of complex sentences. In each of these areas there are important results which not only advance the development of the theory, but also contribute to the broader theoretical discussion. In particular, there are analyses of grammatical phenomena such as transitivity in Kabardian, the verb-less numeral quantifier construction in Japanese, and an unusual kind of complex sentence in Wari' (Chapakuran, Brazil) which not only illustrate the descriptive and explanatory power of the theory, but also present interesting challenges to other approaches. In addition, there are papers looking at the implications and applications of Role and Reference Grammar for neurolinguistic research, parsing and automated text analysis.

Semantic and Lexical Universals

Cliff Goddard,Anna Wierzbicka
Semantic and Lexical Universals Book PDF

Author : Cliff Goddard,Anna Wierzbicka
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
Page : 522 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 1994-05-04
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9789027285782

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Semantic and Lexical Universals by Cliff Goddard,Anna Wierzbicka Pdf

This set of papers represents a unique collection; it is the first attempt ever to empirically test a hypothetical set of semantic and lexical universals across a number of genetically and typologically diverse languages. In fact the word 'collection' is not fully appropriate in this case, since the papers report research undertaken specifically for the present volume, and shaped by the same guidelines. They constitute parallel and strictly comparable answers to the same set of questions, coordinated effort with a common aim, and a common methodology.The goal of identifying the universal human concepts found in all languages, is of fundamental importance, both from a theoretical and a practical point of view, since these concepts provide the basis of the “psychic unity of mankind”, underlying the clearly visible diversity of human cultures. They also allow us to better understand that diversity itself, because they provide a common measure, without which no precise and meaningful comparisons are possible at all. A set of truly universal (or even near-universal) concepts can provide us with an invaluable tool for interpreting, and explaining all the culture-specific meanings encoded in the language-and-culture systems of the world. It can also provide us with a tool for explaining meanings across cultures — in education, business, trade, international relations, and so on. The book contains 13 chapters on individual languages including Japanese (by Masayuki Onishi), Chinese (by Hilary Chappel), Thai (by Anthony Diller), Ewe (Africa, by Felix Ameka), Miskitu languages of South America (by Kenneth Hall), Australian Aboriginal languages Aranda, Yankunytjatjara and Kayardild (by Jean Harkins & David Wilkins, Cliff Goddard, and Nicholas Evans), the Austronesian languages Samoan, Longgu, Acehnese and Mangap-Mbula (by Ulrike Mosel, Deborah Hill, Mark Durie and Robert Bugenhagen), the Papuan language Kalam (by Andrew Pawley), and, last but not least French (by Bert Peters).In addition to the chapters on individual languages the book includes three theoretical chapters; “Semantic theory and semantic universals” (by Goddard), “Introducing lexical primitives” (by Goddard and Wierzbicka), and “Semantic primitives across languages: a critical review” (by Wierzbicka).

The Role of Semantic, Pragmatic, and Discourse Factors in the Development of Case

Jóhanna Barðdal,Shobhana L. Chelliah
The Role of Semantic Pragmatic and Discourse Factors in the Development of Case Book PDF

Author : Jóhanna Barðdal,Shobhana L. Chelliah
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
Page : 458 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2009-03-11
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9789027289926

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The Role of Semantic, Pragmatic, and Discourse Factors in the Development of Case by Jóhanna Barðdal,Shobhana L. Chelliah Pdf

The aim of this volume is to bring non-syntactic factors in the development of case into the eye of the research field, by illustrating the integral role of pragmatics, semantics, and discourse structure in the historical development of morphologically marked case systems. The articles represent fifteen typologically diverse languages from four different language families: (i) Indo-European: Vedic Sanskrit, Russian, Greek, Latin, Latvian, Gothic, French, German, Icelandic, and Faroese; (ii) Tibeto-Burman, especially the Bodic languages and Meithei; (iii) Japanese; and (iv) the Pama-Nyungan mixed language Gurindji Kriol. The data also show considerable diversity and include elicited, archival, corpus-based, and naturally occurring data. Discussions of mechanisms where change is obtained include semantically and aspectually motivated synchronic case variation, discourse motivated subject marking, reduction or expansion of case marker distribution, case syncretism motivated by semantics, syntax, or language contact, and case splits motivated by pragmatics, metonymy, and subjectification.

The Semantics of Grammar

Anna Wierzbicka
The Semantics of Grammar Book PDF

Author : Anna Wierzbicka
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
Page : 632 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 1988-01-01
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9789027230195

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The Semantics of Grammar by Anna Wierzbicka Pdf

"The semantics of grammar" presents a radically semantic approach to syntax and morphology. It offers a methodology which makes it possible to demonstrate, on an empirical basis, that syntax is neither "autonomous" nor "arbitrary," but that it follows from "semantics." It is shown that every grammatical construction encodes a certain semantic structure, which can be revealed and rigorously stated, so that the meanings encoded in grammar can be compared in a precise and illuminating way, within one language and across language boundaries. The author develops a semantic metalanguage based on lexical universals or near-universals (and, ultimately, on a system of universal semantic primitives), and shows that the same semantic metalanguage can be used for explicating lexical, grammatical and pragmatic aspects of language and thus offers a method for an integrated linguistic description based on semantic foundations. Analyzing data from a number of different languages (including English, Russian and Japanese) the author explores the notion of ethnosyntax and, via semantics, links syntax and morphology with culture. She attemps to demonstrate that the use of a semantic metalanguage based on lexical universals makes it possible to rephrase the Humboldt-Sapir-Whorf hypothesis in such a way that it can be tested and treated as a program for empirical research.

Crosslinguistic Views on Tense, Aspect and Modality

Bart Hollebrandse,Angeliek van Hout,Co Vet
Crosslinguistic Views on Tense Aspect and Modality Book PDF

Author : Bart Hollebrandse,Angeliek van Hout,Co Vet
Publisher : Rodopi
Page : 274 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9789042017542

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Crosslinguistic Views on Tense, Aspect and Modality by Bart Hollebrandse,Angeliek van Hout,Co Vet Pdf

This Cahiers Chronos volume reports on new and ongoing research on tense, aspect and modality in which a variety of languages has been gathered. The languages discussed by the authors include (in alphabetical order): Brazilian Portuguese, Chinese, Dutch, English, French, German, Greek, Italian, Japanese, Polish, Russian and Spanish. The articles form a selection of the papers presented at the 5th Chronos Conference that took place at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands, in June 2002. We have categorized the papers into three sections: Tense, Aspect and Modality. Obviously, this ordering is somewhat arbitrary given that some of the papers cross these rather rigid boundaries, as they discuss the interplay of tense and aspect or tense and modality. This book is of interest for scholars in the field of semantics, logic, syntax, and comparative linguistics.

Mental States: Language and cognitive structure

Andrea C. Schalley,Drew Khlentzos
Mental States Language and cognitive structure Book PDF

Author : Andrea C. Schalley,Drew Khlentzos
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
Page : 392 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9027231036

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Mental States: Language and cognitive structure by Andrea C. Schalley,Drew Khlentzos Pdf

The contributions to this volume focus on what language and language use reveals about cognitive structure and underlying cognitive categories. Wide-ranging and thought-provoking essays from linguists and psychologists within this volume investigate the insights conceptual categorization can give into the organization and structure of the mind and specific mental states. Topics and linguistic phenomena discussed include narratives and story telling, language development, figurative language, linguistic categorization, linguistic relativity, and the linguistic coding of mental states such as perceptions and beliefs. With contributions at the forefront of current debate, this book will appeal to anyone with an interest in language and the cognitive structures that support it.