Compensation For Victims Of Terrorism

Author : Marshall Shapo
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 328 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2005-04-25
Category : Law
ISBN : UOM:39015060609883

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Compensation for Victims of Terrorism by Marshall Shapo Pdf

Marshall Shapo describes some of the problems in his penetrating book this way: "Within ten days of the tragedy of September 11th, Congress created a Victim Compensation Fund for those who were injured or lost loved ones in the terrorist attacks of that day. "That Fund paid out more than seven billion dollars to surviving victims and families of those who died, with awards to families averaging over two million and one award reaching approximately $8.6 million. Was the Fund a good idea? If there are terrorist attacks in the future that kill or injure hundreds or even thousands of people, should Congress provide the same kind of compensation to victims and families? Why has Congress not made provision for similar benefits for victims of the Oklahoma City bombing? Why are the payments made to families of soldiers who die in combat only a few thousand dollars?" When the Victims' Compensation Fund was established after 9/11, it set off a series of debates on the logic of compensation for victims of terrorist acts. Why do we compensate for injuries, and how do injuries and deaths caused by acts of terrorism differ from those caused by more ordinary means? What criteria should we consider when determining compensation: the financial need or deprivation or the survivors? The degree of negligence of a public or private entity? In this thought provoking study, Shapo draws on the basic concepts of injury law, including tort and compensation law, to delve into the questions and present a framework for future lawmakers faced with shaping compensation programs for terrorist victims. With its limitless contradictions, constraints, and competing demands, the terrain of compensation is at best murky. Shapo unravels the tangled lines of reasoning, casting an impartial eye on the legal, political and social logics of the Victims' Compensation Fund and those likely to come into play for any future crises.

Author : Lloyd S. Dixon,Rachel Kaganoff Stern
Publisher : Rand Corporation
Page : 218 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0833036912

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Compensation for Losses from the 9/11 Attacks by Lloyd S. Dixon,Rachel Kaganoff Stern Pdf

The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, caused tremendous loss of life, property, and income, and the resulting response from public and private organizations was unprecedented. This monograph examines the benefits received by those who were killed or seriously injured on 9/11 and the benefits provided to individuals and businesses in New York City that suffered losses from the attack on the World Trade Center. The authors examine the performance of the compensation system--insurance, tort, government programs, and charity--in responding to the losses stemming from 9/11.

Author : Rianne Letschert,Ines Staiger,Antony Pemberton
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 375 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2009-12-04
Category : Law
ISBN : 9789048130252

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Assisting Victims of Terrorism by Rianne Letschert,Ines Staiger,Antony Pemberton Pdf

The fight against terrorism is receiving increased awareness due to recent wor- wide large-scale terrorist acts, and only since then has some attention been directed specifically to victims of terrorism. Existing legal instruments of international b- ies like the European Union, the Council of Europe and the United Nations c- cerning victims of terrorism are relatively abstract or include victims of terrorism under the broader heading of victims of crime in general. In addition, policies and legislation relating to victims of crime or victims of terrorism vary widely on the domestic level. Against this background, the European Union commissioned a project that should aim to develop more extensive standards for the aid and ass- tance of victims of terrorism at the European level. This study provides the basis from which more extensive standards could be derived. The study focuses parti- larly on developing standards in the field of continuing assistance, access to justice, administration of justice and compensation to victims of terrorism. A novel feature of the approach is that also the possible utility of restorative justice approaches is examined. An important question to address was whether there is a real need to adopt s- cific standards for victims of terrorism, thereby implying that their needs might differ from victims of ordinary crime.

Author : Great Britain: Ministry of Justice
Publisher : The Stationery Office
Page : 72 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2012-11-27
Category : Law
ISBN : 0108512126

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The Victims of Overseas Terrorism Compensation Scheme 2012 by Great Britain: Ministry of Justice Pdf

The Government has introduced a Scheme to make payments to victims of terrorism who were injured in incidents outside the United Kingdom (UK) on or after 27 November 2012. From that date, victims will be able to apply for an award under this Scheme. Responsibility for the designation of terrorist attacks for the purposes of the Scheme falls to the Foreign Secretary. The FCO website will list those terrorist incidents that are designated by the Foreign Secretary.The Scheme applies to victims who were injured in a designated act. Victims bereaved as a result of a designated act may also be eligible for an award. This Scheme covers victims resident in Northern Ireland.

Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Post Office and Civil Service
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 1985
Category : Terrorism
ISBN : OCLC:13112290

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Victims of Terrorism Compensation Act by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Post Office and Civil Service Pdf

Author : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 56 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Electronic government information
ISBN : PURD:32754077088551

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Benefits for U.S. Victims of International Terrorism by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations Pdf

Author : Rianne Letschert,Ines Staiger,Antony Pemberton
Publisher : Springer
Page : 348 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2010-04-30
Category : Law
ISBN : 9048130263

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Assisting Victims of Terrorism by Rianne Letschert,Ines Staiger,Antony Pemberton Pdf

The fight against terrorism is receiving increased awareness due to recent wor- wide large-scale terrorist acts, and only since then has some attention been directed specifically to victims of terrorism. Existing legal instruments of international b- ies like the European Union, the Council of Europe and the United Nations c- cerning victims of terrorism are relatively abstract or include victims of terrorism under the broader heading of victims of crime in general. In addition, policies and legislation relating to victims of crime or victims of terrorism vary widely on the domestic level. Against this background, the European Union commissioned a project that should aim to develop more extensive standards for the aid and ass- tance of victims of terrorism at the European level. This study provides the basis from which more extensive standards could be derived. The study focuses parti- larly on developing standards in the field of continuing assistance, access to justice, administration of justice and compensation to victims of terrorism. A novel feature of the approach is that also the possible utility of restorative justice approaches is examined. An important question to address was whether there is a real need to adopt s- cific standards for victims of terrorism, thereby implying that their needs might differ from victims of ordinary crime.

Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Neuroscience and Behavioral Health,Committee on Responding to the Psychological Consequences of Terrorism
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 184 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2003-08-26
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780309167925

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Preparing for the Psychological Consequences of Terrorism by Institute of Medicine,Board on Neuroscience and Behavioral Health,Committee on Responding to the Psychological Consequences of Terrorism Pdf

The Oklahoma City bombing, intentional crashing of airliners on September 11, 2001, and anthrax attacks in the fall of 2001 have made Americans acutely aware of the impacts of terrorism. These events and continued threats of terrorism have raised questions about the impact on the psychological health of the nation and how well the public health infrastructure is able to meet the psychological needs that will likely result. Preparing for the Psychological Consequences of Terrorism highlights some of the critical issues in responding to the psychological needs that result from terrorism and provides possible options for intervention. The committee offers an example for a public health strategy that may serve as a base from which plans to prevent and respond to the psychological consequences of a variety of terrorism events can be formulated. The report includes recommendations for the training and education of service providers, ensuring appropriate guidelines for the protection of service providers, and developing public health surveillance for preevent, event, and postevent factors related to psychological consequences.

Author : Carlos Fernández de Casadevante Romani
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 279 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2012-07-11
Category : Law
ISBN : 9783642281402

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International Law of Victims by Carlos Fernández de Casadevante Romani Pdf

After having ignored victims, only recently both domestic and international law have begun to pay attention to them. As a consequence, different international norms related to victims have progressively been introduced. These are norms generally characterized by a certain concept from the perspective of victims, as well as by the enumeration of a list of rights to which they are entitle to; rights upon which the international statute of victims is built. In reverse, these catalogues of rights are the states’ obligations. Most of these rights are already existent in the international law of human rights. Consequently, they are not new but consolidated rights. Others are strictly linked to victims, concerning the following categories: victims of crime, victims of abuse of power, victims of gross violations of international human rights law, victims of serious violations of international humanitarian law, victims of enforced disappearance, victims of violations of international criminal law and victims of terrorism.

Author : Committee on R&D Needs for Improving Civilian Medical Response to Chemical and Biological Terrorism Incidents,Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 303 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 1999-02-26
Category : History
ISBN : 9780309523141

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Chemical and Biological Terrorism by Committee on R&D Needs for Improving Civilian Medical Response to Chemical and Biological Terrorism Incidents,Institute of Medicine Pdf

The threat of domestic terrorism today looms larger than ever. Bombings at the World Trade Center and Oklahoma City's Federal Building, as well as nerve gas attacks in Japan, have made it tragically obvious that American civilians must be ready for terrorist attacks. What do we need to know to help emergency and medical personnel prepare for these attacks? Chemical and Biological Terrorism identifies the R&D efforts needed to implement recommendations in key areas: pre-incident intelligence, detection and identification of chemical and biological agents, protective clothing and equipment, early recognition that a population has been covertly exposed to a pathogen, mass casualty decontamination and triage, use of vaccines and pharmaceuticals, and the psychological effects of terror. Specific objectives for computer software development are also identified. The book addresses the differences between a biological and chemical attack, the distinct challenges to the military and civilian medical communities, and other broader issues. This book will be of critical interest to anyone involved in civilian preparedness for terrorist attack: planners, administrators, responders, medical professionals, public health and emergency personnel, and technology designers and engineers.

Author : Orla Lynch,Javier Argomaniz
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 211 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2014-10-17
Category : History
ISBN : 9781135005269

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Victims of Terrorism by Orla Lynch,Javier Argomaniz Pdf

This book examines the politicisation of victims of terrorism and the reality of the victimisation experience within the broader field of terrorism and the resulting conflict. Victims of terrorism are a unique group of individuals whose experience is overlooked in the current literature on terrorism. Since 9/11, terrorism has risen to global prominence and has become a key topic of interest with regards to media attention and national security. As a result, many European countries (as well as the USA) have had to take active steps to protect and provide for the victims of terrorism, particularly given the nature of victimisation post-3/11 (Madrid) and 7/7 (London). Recently, we have also seen an increase in the political currency of the terrorist victim; for example, the lobbying activities and political involvement of the victims of ETA terrorism and the exceptionally powerful lobby in the USA that sees the involvement of victims of terrorism and their families in policy-making and law-enforcement transformations. This book is based on extensive field work in Northern Ireland, London and Spain and presents the results, which focus on the needs and experiences of victims of terrorism and political violence, and critically analyses these findings comparatively and in their own right. The aim is to assess the provision of support initiatives in Northern Ireland, mainland UK and Spain and understand if victims' needs are being met by these initiatives but most importantly to construct a picture of the local and international interpretation of the experience of victimisation by terrorism. This book will be of much interest to students of terrorism and political violence, victimology, criminology, security studies and IR.

Author : Kenneth R. Feinberg
Publisher : PublicAffairs
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2006-08-29
Category : Biography & Autobiography
ISBN : 9780786748150

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What Is Life Worth? by Kenneth R. Feinberg Pdf

Soon to be a major motion picture: the true story of the man put in charge of the 9/11 Victim Compensation Fund, and a testament to the enduring power of family, grief, love, fear, frustration, and courage. Just days after September 11, 2001, Kenneth Feinberg was appointed to administer the federal 9/11 Victim Compensation Fund, a unique, unprecedented fund established by Congress to compensate families who lost a loved one on 9/11 and survivors who were physically injured in the attacks. Those who participated in the Fund were required to waive their right to sue the airlines involved in the attacks, as well as other potentially responsible entities. When the program was launched, many families criticized it as a brazen, tight-fisted attempt to protect the airlines from lawsuits. The Fund was also attacked as attempting to put insulting dollar values on the lives of lost loved ones. The families were in pain. And they were angry. Over the course of the next three years, Feinberg spent almost all of his time meeting with the families, convincing them of the generosity and compassion of the program, and calculating appropriate awards for each and every claim. The Fund proved to be a dramatic success with over 97% of eligible families participating. It also provided important lessons for Feinberg, who became the filter, the arbitrator, and the target of family suffering. Feinberg learned about the enduring power of family grief, love, fear, faith, frustration, and courage. Most importantly, he learned that no check, no matter how large, could make the families and victims of 9/11 whole again.

Author : Amos N. Guiora
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 461 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780195399752

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Top Ten Global Justice Law Review Articles 2008 by Amos N. Guiora Pdf

Top Ten Global Justice Law Review Articles 2008 is a thorough and accessible review of the most salient, the most controversial, and the most illuminating essays on security law in the previous calendar year. In this edition, Professor Amos Guiora presents the ten most vital and pertinent law review articles from 2008 written by both scholars who have already gained international prominence as experts in global justice as well as emerging voices in the realm of international criminal law and human rights. These articles deal with issues of terrorism, security law, environmental law, and the preservation of civil liberties in the post-9/11 world. The chosen selections derive not just from the high quality and expertise of the articles' authors, but equally from the wide diversity of legal issues addressed by those authors. Guiora combines the expertise of scholars from both eminent law schools and government agencies to provide a valuable resource for scholars and experts researching this important subject area. This annual review provides researchers with more than just an authoritative discussion on the most prominent global justice debates of the day; it also educates researchers on new issues that have received far too little attention in the press and in academia. These expert scholars and leaders tackle and give voice to issues that range from the psychology of terrorism to the role of oil in the Sudanese genocide to the oppression of women in new Arab democracies to transnational environmental cooperation and beyond. Together, the vast knowledge and independent viewpoints represented by these ten authors make this volume, a valuable resource for individuals new to the realm of global justice and for advanced researchers with a sophisticated understanding of the field. Top Ten Global Justice Law Review Articles 2008 serves as a one-stop guidebook on how both the U.S. and the world generally are currently grappling with fundamental principles of social and political life.

Author : Laura K. Donohue
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2016-02-23
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780190235390

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The Future of Foreign Intelligence by Laura K. Donohue Pdf

Since the Revolutionary War, America's military and political leaders have recognized that U.S. national security depends upon the collection of intelligence. Absent information about foreign threats, the thinking went, the country and its citizens stood in great peril. To address this, the Courts and Congress have historically given the President broad leeway to obtain foreign intelligence. But in order to find information about an individual in the United States, the executive branch had to demonstrate that the person was an agent of a foreign power. Today, that barrier no longer exists. The intelligence community now collects massive amounts of data and then looks for potential threats to the United States. As renowned national security law scholar Laura K. Donohue explains in The Future of Foreign Intelligence, global communications systems and digital technologies have changed our lives in countless ways. But they have also contributed to a worrying transformation. Together with statutory alterations instituted in the wake of 9/11, and secret legal interpretations that have only recently become public, new and emerging technologies have radically expanded the amount and type of information that the government collects about U.S. citizens. Traditionally, for national security, the Courts have allowed weaker Fourth Amendment standards for search and seizure than those that mark criminal law. Information that is being collected for foreign intelligence purposes, though, is now being used for criminal prosecution. The expansion in the government's acquisition of private information, and the convergence between national security and criminal law threaten individual liberty. Donohue traces the evolution of U.S. foreign intelligence law and pairs it with the progress of Fourth Amendment jurisprudence. She argues that the bulk collection programs instituted by the National Security Agency amount to a general warrant, the prevention of which was the reason the Founders introduced the Fourth Amendment. The expansion of foreign intelligence surveillanceleant momentum by advances in technology, the Global War on Terror, and the emphasis on securing the homelandnow threatens to consume protections essential to privacy, which is a necessary component of a healthy democracy. Donohue offers a road map for reining in the national security state's expansive reach, arguing for a judicial re-evaluation of third party doctrine and statutory reform that will force the executive branch to take privacy seriously, even as Congress provides for the collection of intelligence central to U.S. national security. Alarming and penetrating, this is essential reading for anyone interested in the future of foreign intelligence and privacy in the United States.

Author : Bruce Hoffman,Anna-Britt Kasupski
Publisher : Rand Corporation
Page : 65 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2007-12-13
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780833044389

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The Victims of Terrorism by Bruce Hoffman,Anna-Britt Kasupski Pdf

Organized groups of victims' families and friends have emerged since September 11, 2001, to become a powerful voice in U.S. counterterrorist policy and legislation. These groups were remarkably successful in getting the 9/11 Commission established and in getting the commission's most important recommendations enacted. This report documents these groups and compares them to groups formed in response to other terrorist attacks.