Computer Vision For Structural Dynamics And Health Monitoring

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Computer Vision for Structural Dynamics and Health Monitoring

Dongming Feng,Maria Q. Feng
Computer Vision for Structural Dynamics and Health Monitoring Book PDF

Author : Dongming Feng,Maria Q. Feng
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 260 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2021-01-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781119566588

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Computer Vision for Structural Dynamics and Health Monitoring by Dongming Feng,Maria Q. Feng Pdf

Provides comprehensive coverage of theory and hands-on implementation of computer vision-based sensors for structural health monitoring This book is the first to fill the gap between scientific research of computer vision and its practical applications for structural health monitoring (SHM). It provides a complete, state-of-the-art review of the collective experience that the SHM community has gained in recent years. It also extensively explores the potentials of the vision sensor as a fast and cost-effective tool for solving SHM problems based on both time and frequency domain analytics, broadening the application of emerging computer vision sensor technology in not only scientific research but also engineering practice. Computer Vision for Structural Dynamics and Health Monitoring presents fundamental knowledge, important issues, and practical techniques critical to successful development of vision-based sensors in detail, including robustness of template matching techniques for tracking targets; coordinate conversion methods for determining calibration factors to convert image pixel displacements to physical displacements; sensing by tracking artificial targets vs. natural targets; measurements in real time vs. by post-processing; and field measurement error sources and mitigation methods. The book also features a wide range of tests conducted in both controlled laboratory and complex field environments in order to evaluate the sensor accuracy and demonstrate the unique features and merits of computer vision-based structural displacement measurement. Offers comprehensive understanding of the principles and applications of computer vision for structural dynamics and health monitoring Helps broaden the application of the emerging computer vision sensor technology from scientific research to engineering practice such as field condition assessment of civil engineering structures and infrastructure systems Includes a wide range of laboratory and field testing examples, as well as practical techniques for field application Provides MATLAB code for most of the issues discussed including that of image processing, structural dynamics, and SHM applications Computer Vision for Structural Dynamics and Health Monitoring is ideal for graduate students, researchers, and practicing engineers who are interested in learning about this emerging sensor technology and advancing their applications in SHM and other engineering problems. It will also benefit those in civil and aerospace engineering, energy, and computer science.

Artificial Intelligence in Vision-Based Structural Health Monitoring

Khalid M. Mosalam,Yuqing Gao
Artificial Intelligence in Vision Based Structural Health Monitoring Book PDF

Author : Khalid M. Mosalam,Yuqing Gao
Publisher : Springer
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2024-03-21
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 3031524063

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Artificial Intelligence in Vision-Based Structural Health Monitoring by Khalid M. Mosalam,Yuqing Gao Pdf

This book provides a comprehensive coverage of the state-of-the-art artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in vision-based structural health monitoring (SHM). In this data explosion epoch, AI-aided SHM and rapid damage assessment after natural hazards have become of great interest in civil and structural engineering, where using machine and deep learning in vision-based SHM brings new research direction. As researchers begin to apply these concepts to the structural engineering domain, especially in SHM, several critical scientific questions need to be addressed: (1) What can AI solve for the SHM problems? (2) What are the relevant AI technologies? (3) What is the effectiveness of the AI approaches in vision-based SHM? (4) How to improve the adaptability of the AI approaches for practical projects? (5) How to build a resilient AI-aided disaster prevention system making use of the vision-based SHM? This book introduces and implements the state-of-the-art machine learning and deep learning technologies for vision-based SHM applications. Specifically, corresponding to the above-mentioned scientific questions, it consists of: (1) motivation, background & progress of AI-aided vision-based SHM, (2) fundamentals of machine learning & deep learning approaches, (3) basic AI applications in vision-based SHM, (4) advanced topics & approaches, and (5) resilient AI-aided applications. In the introduction, a brief coverage about the development progress of AI technologies in the vision-based area is presented. It gives the readers the motivations and background of the relevant research. In Part I, basic knowledges of machine and deep learning are introduced, which provide the foundation for the readers irrespective of their background. In Part II, to verify the effectiveness of the AI methods, the key procedure of the typical AI-aided SHM applications (classification, localization, and segmentation) is explored, including vision data collection, data pre-processing, transfer learning-based training mechanism, evaluation, and analysis. In Part III, advanced AI topics, e.g., generative adversarial network, semi-supervised learning, and active learning, are discussed. They aim to address several critical issues in practical projects, e.g., the lack of well-labeled data and imbalanced labels, to improve the adaptability of the AI models. In Part IV, the new concept of “resilient AI” is introduced to establish an intelligent disaster prevention system, multi-modality learning, multi-task learning, and interpretable AI technologies. These advances are aimed towards increasing the robustness and explainability of the AI-enabled SHM system, and ultimately leading to improved resiliency. The scope covered in this book is not only beneficial for education purposes but also is essential for modern industrial applications. The target audience is broad and includes students, engineers, and researchers in civil engineering, statistics, and computer science. Unique Book Features: • Provide a comprehensive review of the rapidly expanding field of vision-based structural health monitoring (SHM) using artificial intelligence approaches. • Re-organize fundamental knowledge specific to the machine and deep learning in vision tasks. • Include comprehensive details about the procedure of conducting AI approaches for vision-based SHM along with examples and exercises. • Cover a vast array of special topics and advanced AI-enabled vision-based SHM applications. • List a few potential extensions for inspiring the readers for future investigation.

Computer Vision & Laser Vibrometry, Volume 6

Javad Baqersad,Dario Di Maio
Computer Vision Laser Vibrometry Volume 6 Book PDF

Author : Javad Baqersad,Dario Di Maio
Publisher : Springer
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2023-11-21
Category : Computers
ISBN : 3031349091

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Computer Vision & Laser Vibrometry, Volume 6 by Javad Baqersad,Dario Di Maio Pdf

Computer Vision & Laser Vibrometry, Volume 6: Proceedings of the 41st IMAC, A Conference and Exposition on Structural Dynamics, 2023, the sixth volume of ten from the Conference brings together contributions to this important area of research and engineering. The collection presents early findings and case studies on fundamental and applied aspects of Computer Vision, Laser Vibrometry and Structural Health Monitoring, including papers on: Novel Techniques Optical Methods, Scanning LDV Methods Photogrammetry & DIC Structural Health Monitoring

Computational Techniques for Structural Health Monitoring

Srinivasan Gopalakrishnan,Massimo Ruzzene,Sathyanaraya Hanagud
Computational Techniques for Structural Health Monitoring Book PDF

Author : Srinivasan Gopalakrishnan,Massimo Ruzzene,Sathyanaraya Hanagud
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 506 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2011-08-01
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780857292841

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Computational Techniques for Structural Health Monitoring by Srinivasan Gopalakrishnan,Massimo Ruzzene,Sathyanaraya Hanagud Pdf

The increased level of activity on structural health monitoring (SHM) in various universities and research labs has resulted in the development of new methodologies for both identifying the existing damage in structures and predicting the onset of damage that may occur during service. Designers often have to consult a variety of textbooks, journal papers and reports, because many of these methodologies require advanced knowledge of mechanics, dynamics, wave propagation, and material science. Computational Techniques for Structural Health Monitoring gives a one-volume, in-depth introduction to the different computational methodologies available for rapid detection of flaws in structures. Techniques, algorithms and results are presented in a way that allows their direct application. A number of case studies are included to highlight further the practical aspects of the selected topics. Computational Techniques for Structural Health Monitoring also provides the reader with numerical simulation tools that are essential to the development of novel algorithms for the interpretation of experimental measurements, and for the identification of damage and its characterization. Upon reading Computational Techniques for Structural Health Monitoring, graduate students will be able to begin research-level work in the area of structural health monitoring. The level of detail in the description of formulation and implementation also allows engineers to apply the concepts directly in their research.

Structural Health Monitoring

Charles R. Farrar,Keith Worden
Structural Health Monitoring Book PDF

Author : Charles R. Farrar,Keith Worden
Publisher : Wiley
Page : 48 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2018-08-20
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 1119556317

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Structural Health Monitoring by Charles R. Farrar,Keith Worden Pdf

Written by global leaders and pioneers in the field, this book is a must-have read for researchers, practicing engineers and university faculty working in SHM. Structural Health Monitoring: A Machine Learning Perspective is the first comprehensive book on the general problem of structural health monitoring. The authors, renowned experts in the field, consider structural health monitoring in a new manner by casting the problem in the context of a machine learning/statistical pattern recognition paradigm, first explaining the paradigm in general terms then explaining the process in detail with further insight provided via numerical and experimental studies of laboratory test specimens and in-situ structures. This paradigm provides a comprehensive framework for developing SHM solutions. Structural Health Monitoring: A Machine Learning Perspective makes extensive use of the authors’ detailed surveys of the technical literature, the experience they have gained from teaching numerous courses on this subject, and the results of performing numerous analytical and experimental structural health monitoring studies. Considers structural health monitoring in a new manner by casting the problem in the context of a machine learning/statistical pattern recognition paradigm Emphasises an integrated approach to the development of structural health monitoring solutions by coupling the measurement hardware portion of the problem directly with the data interrogation algorithms Benefits from extensive use of the authors’ detailed surveys of 800 papers in the technical literature and the experience they have gained from teaching numerous short courses on this subject.

Special Topics in Structural Dynamics, Volume 6

Gary Foss,Christopher Niezrecki
Special Topics in Structural Dynamics Volume 6 Book PDF

Author : Gary Foss,Christopher Niezrecki
Publisher : Springer Science & Business
Page : 418 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2014-04-22
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783319047294

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Special Topics in Structural Dynamics, Volume 6 by Gary Foss,Christopher Niezrecki Pdf

This sixth volume of eight from the IMAC - XXXII Conference, brings together contributions to this important area of research and engineering. The collection presents early findings and case studies on fundamental and applied aspects of Structural Dynamics, including papers on: Linear Systems Substructure Modelling Adaptive Structures Experimental Techniques Analytical Methods Damage Detection Damping of Materials & Members Modal Parameter Identification Modal Testing Methods System Identification Active Control Modal Parameter Estimation Processing Modal Data

Structural Health Monitoring Based on Data Science Techniques

Alexandre Cury,Diogo Ribeiro,Filippo Ubertini,Michael D. Todd
Structural Health Monitoring Based on Data Science Techniques Book PDF

Author : Alexandre Cury,Diogo Ribeiro,Filippo Ubertini,Michael D. Todd
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 490 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2021-10-23
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783030817169

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Structural Health Monitoring Based on Data Science Techniques by Alexandre Cury,Diogo Ribeiro,Filippo Ubertini,Michael D. Todd Pdf

The modern structural health monitoring (SHM) paradigm of transforming in situ, real-time data acquisition into actionable decisions regarding structural performance, health state, maintenance, or life cycle assessment has been accelerated by the rapid growth of “big data” availability and advanced data science. Such data availability coupled with a wide variety of machine learning and data analytics techniques have led to rapid advancement of how SHM is executed, enabling increased transformation from research to practice. This book intends to present a representative collection of such data science advancements used for SHM applications, providing an important contribution for civil engineers, researchers, and practitioners around the world.

Computer Vision & Laser Vibrometry, Volume 6

Javad Baqersad,Dario Di Maio
Computer Vision Laser Vibrometry Volume 6 Book PDF

Author : Javad Baqersad,Dario Di Maio
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 177 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2023-11-20
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783031349102

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Computer Vision & Laser Vibrometry, Volume 6 by Javad Baqersad,Dario Di Maio Pdf

Computer Vision & Laser Vibrometry, Volume 6: Proceedings of the 41st IMAC, A Conference and Exposition on Structural Dynamics, 2023, the sixth volume of ten from the Conference brings together contributions to this important area of research and engineering. The collection presents early findings and case studies on fundamental and applied aspects of Computer Vision, Laser Vibrometry and Structural Health Monitoring, including papers on: Novel Techniques Optical Methods, Scanning LDV Methods Photogrammetry & DIC Structural Health Monitoring

Advances in Engineering Materials, Structures and Systems: Innovations, Mechanics and Applications

Alphose Zingoni
Advances in Engineering Materials Structures and Systems Innovations Mechanics and Applications Book PDF

Author : Alphose Zingoni
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 2435 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2019-08-21
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780429761164

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Advances in Engineering Materials, Structures and Systems: Innovations, Mechanics and Applications by Alphose Zingoni Pdf

Advances in Engineering Materials, Structures and Systems: Innovations, Mechanics and Applications comprises 411 papers that were presented at SEMC 2019, the Seventh International Conference on Structural Engineering, Mechanics and Computation, held in Cape Town, South Africa, from 2 to 4 September 2019. The subject matter reflects the broad scope of SEMC conferences, and covers a wide variety of engineering materials (both traditional and innovative) and many types of structures. The many topics featured in these Proceedings can be classified into six broad categories that deal with: (i) the mechanics of materials and fluids (elasticity, plasticity, flow through porous media, fluid dynamics, fracture, fatigue, damage, delamination, corrosion, bond, creep, shrinkage, etc); (ii) the mechanics of structures and systems (structural dynamics, vibration, seismic response, soil-structure interaction, fluid-structure interaction, response to blast and impact, response to fire, structural stability, buckling, collapse behaviour); (iii) the numerical modelling and experimental testing of materials and structures (numerical methods, simulation techniques, multi-scale modelling, computational modelling, laboratory testing, field testing, experimental measurements); (iv) innovations and special structures (nanostructures, adaptive structures, smart structures, composite structures, bio-inspired structures, shell structures, membranes, space structures, lightweight structures, long-span structures, tall buildings, wind turbines, etc); (v) design in traditional engineering materials (steel, concrete, steel-concrete composite, aluminium, masonry, timber, glass); (vi) the process of structural engineering (conceptualisation, planning, analysis, design, optimization, construction, assembly, manufacture, testing, maintenance, monitoring, assessment, repair, strengthening, retrofitting, decommissioning). The SEMC 2019 Proceedings will be of interest to civil, structural, mechanical, marine and aerospace engineers. Researchers, developers, practitioners and academics in these disciplines will find them useful. Two versions of the papers are available. Short versions, intended to be concise but self-contained summaries of the full papers, are in this printed book. The full versions of the papers are in the e-book.

Data Driven Methods for Civil Structural Health Monitoring and Resilience

Mohammad Noori,Carlo Rainieri,Marco Domaneschi,Vasilis Sarhosis
Data Driven Methods for Civil Structural Health Monitoring and Resilience Book PDF

Author : Mohammad Noori,Carlo Rainieri,Marco Domaneschi,Vasilis Sarhosis
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 358 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2023-10-26
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781000965551

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Data Driven Methods for Civil Structural Health Monitoring and Resilience by Mohammad Noori,Carlo Rainieri,Marco Domaneschi,Vasilis Sarhosis Pdf

Data Driven Methods for Civil Structural Health Monitoring and Resilience: Latest Developments and Applications provides a comprehensive overview of data-driven methods for structural health monitoring (SHM) and resilience of civil engineering structures, mostly based on artificial intelligence or other advanced data science techniques. This allows existing structures to be turned into smart structures, thereby allowing them to provide intelligible information about their state of health and performance on a continuous, relatively real-time basis. Artificial-intelligence-based methodologies are becoming increasingly more attractive for civil engineering and SHM applications; machine learning and deep learning methods can be applied and further developed to transform the available data into valuable information for engineers and decision makers.

Sustainable Development for the Americas

E. William Colglazier,Hassan A. Vafai,Kevin E. Lansey,Molli D. Bryson
Sustainable Development for the Americas Book PDF

Author : E. William Colglazier,Hassan A. Vafai,Kevin E. Lansey,Molli D. Bryson
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 257 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2021-12-20
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781000468038

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Sustainable Development for the Americas by E. William Colglazier,Hassan A. Vafai,Kevin E. Lansey,Molli D. Bryson Pdf

Environmental sustainability efforts require a great deal of engagement and political will, ranging from local communities to state departments. Science diplomats—from experts and scientists to spokespersons and ambassadors—can help facilitate at all levels and yield valued resources from technology sharing, capacity building, and knowledge exchanges. This book explores the importance of sustained international scientific cooperation, building community resilience, and the role of political will in sustainability and diplomacy. It shows how even small diplomatic efforts can influence myriad issues, from overfishing to human rights negotiations to global carbon emission reduction. Features: • Examines various topics such as global climate change, arid environments, water security and governance, trans-boundary conflict and cooperation, urban and rural resilience, and public health. • Presents case studies from various geographic regions through the lens of diplomacy, including the US–Mexico border, the Gulf of California, South America, Europe, the Middle East, Central and South Asia, and China. • Discusses how building networks of people, organizations, and countries engaged in science diplomacy is crucial for mutual growth and for overcoming conflicting political stances. Sustainable Development for the Americas: Science, Health and Engineering Policy and Diplomacy provides a useful resource for diplomats, policymakers, students, and decision-makers. It provides numerous examples of how using science and technology for policy and diplomacy is essential to finding common ground among nations for a collective global benefit.

Identification Methods for Structural Health Monitoring

Eleni Chatzi,Costas Papadimitriou
Identification Methods for Structural Health Monitoring Book PDF

Author : Eleni Chatzi,Costas Papadimitriou
Publisher : Springer
Page : 170 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2016-05-25
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783319320779

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Identification Methods for Structural Health Monitoring by Eleni Chatzi,Costas Papadimitriou Pdf

The papers in this volume provide an introduction to well known and established system identification methods for structural health monitoring and to more advanced, state-of-the-art tools, able to tackle the challenges associated with actual implementation. Starting with an overview on fundamental methods, introductory concepts are provided on the general framework of time and frequency domain, parametric and non-parametric methods, input-output or output only techniques. Cutting edge tools are introduced including, nonlinear system identification methods; Bayesian tools; and advanced modal identification techniques (such as the Kalman and particle filters, the fast Bayesian FFT method). Advanced computational tools for uncertainty quantification are discussed to provide a link between monitoring and structural integrity assessment. In addition, full scale applications and field deployments that illustrate the workings and effectiveness of the introduced monitoring schemes are demonstrated.

Bridge Design, Assessment and Monitoring

Airong Chen,Dan M. Frangopol,Xin Ruan
Bridge Design Assessment and Monitoring Book PDF

Author : Airong Chen,Dan M. Frangopol,Xin Ruan
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 124 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2018-12-07
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781351208789

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Bridge Design, Assessment and Monitoring by Airong Chen,Dan M. Frangopol,Xin Ruan Pdf

Bridges play important role in modern infrastructural system. This book provides an up-to-date overview of the field of bridge engineering, as well as the recent significant contributions to the process of making rational decisions in bridge design, assessment and monitoring and resources optimization deployment for the purpose of enhancing the welfare of society. Tang specifies the purposes and requirements of the conceptual bridge design, considering bridge types, basic elements, structural systems and load conditions. Cremona and Poulin propose an assessment procedure for existing bridges. Kallias et al. develop a framework for the performance assessment of metallic bridges under atmospheric exposure by integrating coating deterioration and corrosion modelling. Soriano et al. employ a simplified approach to estimate the maximum traffic load effect on a highway bridge and compare the results with other approaches based on on-site weigh-in-motion data. Akiyama et al. propose a method for reliability-based durability design and service life assessment of reinforced concrete deck slab of jetty structures. Chen et al. propose a meso-scale model to simulate the uniform and pitting corrosion of rebar in concrete and to obtain the crack patterns of the concrete with different rebar arrangements. Ruan et al. present a traffic load model for long span multi-pylon cable- stayed bridges. Khuc and Catbas implement a non-target vision- based method for the measurement of both static and dynamic displacements time histories. Finally, Cruz presents the career of the outstanding bridge engineer Edgar Cardoso in the fields of bridge design and experimental analysis. The book serves as a valuable reference to all concerned with bridge structure and infrastructure systems, including students, researchers, engineers, consultants and contractors from all areas sections of bridge engineering. The chapters originally published as a special issue in Structure and Infrastructure Engineering.

Structural Monitoring with Fiber Optic Technology

Raymond M. Measures
Structural Monitoring with Fiber Optic Technology Book PDF

Author : Raymond M. Measures
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 736 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2001-04-10
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780080518046

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Structural Monitoring with Fiber Optic Technology by Raymond M. Measures Pdf

This book is the first to address the field of structurally integrated fiber optic sensors. Fiber optic sensors embedded within materials and systems are able to measure a variety of parameters (i.e. temperature, vibration, deformation, strain, etc.) that allows for real time non-destructive evaluation. Examples include the following: monitoring structural fatigue in aging aircraft or loads in bridge structures. In more advanced applications, fiber optic sensors control actuators that allow materials to adapt to their environment. This gives rise to the names, "smart," "intelligent," and/or "adaptive" materials or structures.Structural Monitoring with Fiber Optic Technology is the firs single author book on the new field of fiber optic structural sensing. As such it provides: coverage of the fundamentals of the technology, a coherent and systematic discussion on the most important aspects of the subject, a broad view of the subject, while retaining a degree of focus on those advances most significant in terms of their future potential, particularly in regard to broad implementation of the technology. The book provides an introduction to the relevant value to structural monitoring. It also highlights the advantages of fiber optic based sensors over conventional electrical measurement technology.The book richly illustrates the subject matter with 615 figures and provides many examples of fiber optic structural sensing, including a detailed overview of a number of major field site applications. Most of these large scale applications are drawn from the civil engineering community as they have been the first to strongly embrace fiber optic structural monitoring. This is especially true for bridges, where innovative new designs and the use of fiber reinforced polymer composite materials to replace steel represents a major advance that is expected to revolutionize the construction industry. Examples include new bridges, which are serving as testbeds for these new materials and are instrumented with arrays of fiber optic structural sensors. In one case, this state-of-the-art monitoring system permits engineers at a distant site to track the response of the bridge to traffic loads and keep an eye on the long term performance of the new materials. Fiber optic structural sensing technology is equally applicable to other industrial sectors, such as the aerospace and marine industries. Indeed, several examples of ships being instrumented with arrays of fiber optic sensors are also included. * The author directed one of the leading laboratories in the development of this technology and its application to civil engineering* Provides a strong, concise foundation in the basics of the technology* Includes many examples of the application of the technology, including many major field site case studies* Richly illustrated with 615 figures, many redrawn to make them easier to understand; also includes over 600 references* Written in a style designed to help the reader unfamiliar with fiber optic technology appreciate what can be accomplished with this new form of structural monitoring

Innovative Methods and Materials in Structural Health Monitoring of Civil Infrastructures

Raffaele Zinno,Serena Artese
Innovative Methods and Materials in Structural Health Monitoring of Civil Infrastructures Book PDF

Author : Raffaele Zinno,Serena Artese
Publisher : MDPI
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2021-09-02
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783036507545

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Innovative Methods and Materials in Structural Health Monitoring of Civil Infrastructures by Raffaele Zinno,Serena Artese Pdf

In the past, when elements in structures were composed of perishable materials, such as wood, the maintenance of houses, bridges, etc., was considered of vital importance for their safe use and to preserve their efficiency. With the advent of materials such as reinforced concrete and steel, given their relatively long useful life, periodic and constant maintenance has often been considered a secondary concern. When it was realized that even for structures fabricated with these materials that the useful life has an end and that it was being approached, planning maintenance became an important and non-negligible aspect. Thus, the concept of structural health monitoring (SHM) was introduced, designed, and implemented as a multidisciplinary method. Computational mechanics, static and dynamic analysis of structures, electronics, sensors, and, recently, the Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI) are required, but it is also important to consider new materials, especially those with intrinsic self-diagnosis characteristics, and to use measurement and survey methods typical of modern geomatics, such as satellite surveys and highly sophisticated laser tools.