Computers And Languages

Author : Markus Dickinson,Chris Brew,Detmar Meurers
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 259 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2012-08-20
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9781118324967

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Language and Computers by Markus Dickinson,Chris Brew,Detmar Meurers Pdf

Language and Computers introduces students to the fundamentals of how computers are used to represent, process, and organize textual and spoken information. Concepts are grounded in real-world examples familiar to students’ experiences of using language and computers in everyday life. A real-world introduction to the fundamentals of how computers process language, written specifically for the undergraduate audience, introducing key concepts from computational linguistics. Offers a comprehensive explanation of the problems computers face in handling natural language Covers a broad spectrum of language-related applications and issues, including major computer applications involving natural language and the social and ethical implications of these new developments The book focuses on real-world examples with which students can identify, using these to explore the technology and how it works Features “under-the-hood” sections that give greater detail on selected advanced topics, rendering the book appropriate for more advanced courses, or for independent study by the motivated reader.

Author : Richard L. Wexelblat
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 784 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2014-05-27
Category : Reference
ISBN : 9781483266169

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History of Programming Languages by Richard L. Wexelblat Pdf

History of Programming Languages presents information pertinent to the technical aspects of the language design and creation. This book provides an understanding of the processes of language design as related to the environment in which languages are developed and the knowledge base available to the originators. Organized into 14 sections encompassing 77 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the programming techniques to use to help the system produce efficient programs. This text then discusses how to use parentheses to help the system identify identical subexpressions within an expression and thereby eliminate their duplicate calculation. Other chapters consider FORTRAN programming techniques needed to produce optimum object programs. This book discusses as well the developments leading to ALGOL 60. The final chapter presents the biography of Adin D. Falkoff. This book is a valuable resource for graduate students, practitioners, historians, statisticians, mathematicians, programmers, as well as computer scientists and specialists.

Author : Charles Petzold
Publisher : Microsoft Press
Page : 562 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2022-08-02
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780137909292

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Code by Charles Petzold Pdf

The classic guide to how computers work, updated with new chapters and interactive graphics "For me, Code was a revelation. It was the first book about programming that spoke to me. It started with a story, and it built up, layer by layer, analogy by analogy, until I understood not just the Code, but the System. Code is a book that is as much about Systems Thinking and abstractions as it is about code and programming. Code teaches us how many unseen layers there are between the computer systems that we as users look at every day and the magical silicon rocks that we infused with lightning and taught to think." - Scott Hanselman, Partner Program Director, Microsoft, and host of Hanselminutes Computers are everywhere, most obviously in our laptops and smartphones, but also our cars, televisions, microwave ovens, alarm clocks, robot vacuum cleaners, and other smart appliances. Have you ever wondered what goes on inside these devices to make our lives easier but occasionally more infuriating? For more than 20 years, readers have delighted in Charles Petzold's illuminating story of the secret inner life of computers, and now he has revised it for this new age of computing. Cleverly illustrated and easy to understand, this is the book that cracks the mystery. You'll discover what flashlights, black cats, seesaws, and the ride of Paul Revere can teach you about computing, and how human ingenuity and our compulsion to communicate have shaped every electronic device we use. This new expanded edition explores more deeply the bit-by-bit and gate-by-gate construction of the heart of every smart device, the central processing unit that combines the simplest of basic operations to perform the most complex of feats. Petzold's companion website, CodeHiddenLanguage.com, uses animated graphics of key circuits in the book to make computers even easier to comprehend. In addition to substantially revised and updated content, new chapters include: Chapter 18: Let's Build a Clock! Chapter 21: The Arithmetic Logic Unit Chapter 22: Registers and Busses Chapter 23: CPU Control Signals Chapter 24: Jumps, Loops, and Calls Chapter 28: The World Brain From the simple ticking of clocks to the worldwide hum of the internet, Code reveals the essence of the digital revolution.

Author : J. Clark Scott
Publisher : John C Scott
Page : 223 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780615303765

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But how Do it Know? by J. Clark Scott Pdf

This book thoroughly explains how computers work. It starts by fully examining a NAND gate, then goes on to build every piece and part of a small, fully operational computer. The necessity and use of codes is presented in parallel with the apprioriate pieces of hardware. The book can be easily understood by anyone whether they have a technical background or not. It could be used as a textbook.

Author : Kirsty Holmes
Publisher : Greenhaven Publishing LLC
Page : 24 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2018-07-15
Category : Juvenile Nonfiction
ISBN : 9781534527263

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Why Are There Different Computer Languages? by Kirsty Holmes Pdf

A computer is a complex piece of technology that has its own languages. Readers learn about these multiple languages in this informative and engaging text, which clearly explains select programming languages, such as Python and Scratch. Readers enrich their knowledge of essential computer skills and concepts in a way that's easily understandable. In addition to the age-appropriate text, creative illustrations, useful fact boxes, instructional graphic organizers, and educational diagrams are included to provide further depth to the text. Readers will find themselves captivated by the charming design as they are introduced to a foundational computer science concept.

Author : A. Nijholt
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 492 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2014-06-28
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781483299426

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Computers and Languages by A. Nijholt Pdf

A global introduction to language technology and the areas of computer science where language technology plays a role. Surveyed in this volume are issues related to the parsing problem in the fields of natural languages, programming languages, and formal languages. Throughout the book attention is paid to the social forces which influenced the development of the various topics. Also illustrated are the development of the theory of language analysis, its role in compiler construction, and its role in computer applications with a natural language interface between men and machine. Parts of the material in this book have been used in courses on computational linguistics, computers and society, and formal approaches to languages.

Author : Time-Life Books
Publisher : Time Life Medical
Page : 138 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 1986
Category : Computers
ISBN : UOM:39015013097913

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Computer Languages by Time-Life Books Pdf

Contains glossary, index, and bibliography. Discusses the history and development of programming for computers and includes four essays.

Author : Jonathan Leakey
Publisher : Peter Lang Gmbh, Internationaler Verlag Der Wissenschaften
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2011
Category : Dil ve diller-Bilgisayar destekli öğretim
ISBN : 3034301456

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Evaluating Computer-assisted Language Learning by Jonathan Leakey Pdf

Schools, colleges and universities are investing a great deal in the purchase of computer resources for the teaching of modern languages, but whether these resources make a measurable difference to the learning of language students is still unclear. In this book the author outlines the existing evidence for the impact of computers on language learning and makes the case for an integrated approach to the evaluation of computer-assisted language learning (CALL). Drawing on current and past research linked to CALL and e-learning, the author builds a comprehensive model for evaluating not just the software used in language learning, but also the teaching and learning that takes place in computer-based environments, and the digital platforms themselves. This book will be of interest not only to language teachers and CALL researchers, but also to those interested in e-learning and general research methodology, as well as designers of educational software, digital labs, virtual learning environments (VLEs) and institutional budget holders.

Author : Naomi S. Baron
Publisher : Anchor
Page : 440 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 1986
Category : Programming languages (Electronic computers)
ISBN : UCAL:B4340159

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Computer Languages by Naomi S. Baron Pdf

Author : Alan A. A. Donovan,Brian W. Kernighan
Publisher : Addison-Wesley Professional
Page : 1201 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2015-11-16
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780134190563

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The Go Programming Language by Alan A. A. Donovan,Brian W. Kernighan Pdf

The Go Programming Language is the authoritative resource for any programmer who wants to learn Go. It shows how to write clear and idiomatic Go to solve real-world problems. The book does not assume prior knowledge of Go nor experience with any specific language, so you’ll find it accessible whether you’re most comfortable with JavaScript, Ruby, Python, Java, or C++. The first chapter is a tutorial on the basic concepts of Go, introduced through programs for file I/O and text processing, simple graphics, and web clients and servers. Early chapters cover the structural elements of Go programs: syntax, control flow, data types, and the organization of a program into packages, files, and functions. The examples illustrate many packages from the standard library and show how to create new ones of your own. Later chapters explain the package mechanism in more detail, and how to build, test, and maintain projects using the go tool. The chapters on methods and interfaces introduce Go’s unconventional approach to object-oriented programming, in which methods can be declared on any type and interfaces are implicitly satisfied. They explain the key principles of encapsulation, composition, and substitutability using realistic examples. Two chapters on concurrency present in-depth approaches to this increasingly important topic. The first, which covers the basic mechanisms of goroutines and channels, illustrates the style known as communicating sequential processes for which Go is renowned. The second covers more traditional aspects of concurrency with shared variables. These chapters provide a solid foundation for programmers encountering concurrency for the first time. The final two chapters explore lower-level features of Go. One covers the art of metaprogramming using reflection. The other shows how to use the unsafe package to step outside the type system for special situations, and how to use the cgo tool to create Go bindings for C libraries. The book features hundreds of interesting and practical examples of well-written Go code that cover the whole language, its most important packages, and a wide range of applications. Each chapter has exercises to test your understanding and explore extensions and alternatives. Source code is freely available for download from http://gopl.io/ and may be conveniently fetched, built, and installed using the go get command.

Author : Fonseca i Casas, Pau
Publisher : IGI Global
Page : 458 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2013-07-31
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781466643703

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Formal Languages for Computer Simulation: Transdisciplinary Models and Applications by Fonseca i Casas, Pau Pdf

Models and simulations are an important first step in developing computer applications to solve real-world problems. However, in order to be truly effective, computer programmers must use formal modeling languages to evaluate these simulations. Formal Languages for Computer Simulation: Transdisciplinary Models and Applications investigates a variety of programming languages used in validating and verifying models in order to assist in their eventual implementation. This book will explore different methods of evaluating and formalizing simulation models, enabling computer and industrial engineers, mathematicians, and students working with computer simulations to thoroughly understand the progression from simulation to product, improving the overall effectiveness of modeling systems.

Author : umes santilal
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 309 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2020-04-11
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9798636308041

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Computer Languages by umes santilal Pdf

High-Level Programming LanguagesHigh-level programming languages, while simple compared to human languages, are more complex than the languages the computer actually understands, called machine languages. Each different type of CPU has its own unique machine language.Lying between machine languages and high-level languages are languages called assembly languages. Assembly languages are similar to machine languages, but they are much easier to program in because they allow a programmer to substitute names for numbers. Machine languages consist of numbers only.Lying above high-level languages are languages called fourth-generation languages (usually abbreviated 4GL). 4GLs are far removed from machine languages and represent the class of computer languages closest to human languages.Converting to Machine LanguageRegardless of what language you use, you eventually need to convert your program into machine language so that the computer can understand it. There are two ways to do this:1) Compile the program.2) Interpret the program.Recommended Reading: See compile and interpreter for more information about these two methods.The question of which language is best is one that consumes a lot of time and energy among computer professionals. Every language has its strengths and weaknesses. For example, FORTRAN is a particularly good language for processing numerical data, but it does not lend itself very well to organizing large programs. Pascal is very good for writing well-structured and readable programs, but it is not as flexible as the C programming language. C++ embodies powerful object-oriented features, but it is complex and difficult to learn.The Top Programming Languages?According to IEEE Spectrum's interactive ranking, Python is the top programming language of 2017, followed by C, Java and C++. Of course, the choice of which language to use depends on the type of computer the program is to run on, what sort of program it is, and the expertise of the programmer.What do flashlights, the British invasion, black cats, and seesaws have to do with computers? In CODE, they show us the ingenious ways we manipulate language and invent new means of communicating with each other. And through CODE, we see how this ingenuity and our very human compulsion to communicate have driven the technological innovations of the past two centuries.Using everyday objects and familiar language systems such as Braille and Morse code, author Charles Petzold weaves an illuminating narrative for anyone who's ever wondered about the secret inner life of computers and other smart machines.It's a cleverly illustrated and eminently comprehensible story--and along the way, you'll discover you've gained a real context for understanding today's world of PCs, digital media, and the Internet. No matter what your level of technical savvy, CODE will charm you--and perhaps even awaken the technophobe within.

Author : Gilles Dowek
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 159 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2009-04-03
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781848820326

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Principles of Programming Languages by Gilles Dowek Pdf

By introducing the principles of programming languages, using the Java language as a support, Gilles Dowek provides the necessary fundamentals of this language as a first objective. It is important to realise that knowledge of a single programming language is not really enough. To be a good programmer, you should be familiar with several languages and be able to learn new ones. In order to do this, you’ll need to understand universal concepts, such as functions or cells, which exist in one form or another in all programming languages. The most effective way to understand these universal concepts is to compare two or more languages. In this book, the author has chosen Caml and C. To understand the principles of programming languages, it is also important to learn how to precisely define the meaning of a program, and tools for doing so are discussed. Finally, there is coverage of basic algorithms for lists and trees. Written for students, this book presents what all scientists and engineers should know about programming languages.

Author : Andujar, Alberto
Publisher : IGI Global
Page : 378 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2019-10-25
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781799810995

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Recent Tools for Computer- and Mobile-Assisted Foreign Language Learning by Andujar, Alberto Pdf

The use of technological tools to foster language development has led to advances in language methodologies and changed the approach towards language instruction. The tendency towards developing more autonomous learners has emphasized the need for technological tools that could contribute to this shift in foreign language learning. Computer-assisted language learning and mobile-assisted language learning have greatly collaborated to foster language instruction out of the classroom environment, offering possibilities for distance learning and expanding in-class time. Recent Tools for Computer- and Mobile-Assisted Foreign Language Learning is a scholarly research book that explores current strategies for foreign language learning through the use of technology and introduces new technological tools and evaluates existing ones that foster language development. Highlighting a wide array of topics such as gamification, mobile technologies, and virtual reality, this book is essential for language educators, educational software developers, IT consultants, K-20 institutions, principals, professionals, academicians, researchers, curriculum designers, and students.

Author : Dana Richards,Henry Hamburger
Publisher : World Scientific Publishing Company
Page : 468 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2017-09-08
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9789813229228

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Logic and Language Models for Computer Science by Dana Richards,Henry Hamburger Pdf

This text presents the formal concepts underlying Computer Science. It starts with a wide introduction to Logic with an emphasis on reasoning and proof, with chapters on Program Verification and Prolog. The treatment of computability with Automata and Formal Languages stands out in several ways: it emphasizes the algorithmic nature of the proofs and the reliance on simulations;it stresses the centrality of nondeterminism in generative models and the relationship to deterministic recognition models The style is appropriate for both undergraduate and graduate classes.