Consumption Risk Technology Adoption And Poverty Traps

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Consumption Risk, Technology Adoption, and Poverty Traps

Stefan Dercon,Luc J. Christiaensen
Consumption Risk Technology Adoption and Poverty Traps Book PDF

Author : Stefan Dercon,Luc J. Christiaensen
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 41 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Agricultural innovations
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Consumption Risk, Technology Adoption, and Poverty Traps by Stefan Dercon,Luc J. Christiaensen Pdf

Much has been written on the determinants of input and technology adoption in agriculture, with issues such as input availability, knowledge and education, risk preferences, profitability, and credit constraints receiving much attention. This paper focuses on a factor that has been less well documented-the differential ability of households to take on risky production technologies for fear of the welfare consequences if shocks result in poor harvests. Building on an explicit model, this is explored in panel data for Ethiopia. Historical rainfall distributions are used to identify the counterfactual consumption risk. Controlling for unobserved household and time-varying village characteristics, it emerges that not just ex-ante credit constraints, but also the possibly low consumption outcomes when harvests fail, discourage the application of fertilizer. The lack of insurance causes inefficiency in production choices.

Consumption Risk, Technology Adoption, and Poverty Traps

Stefan Dercon,Luc Christiaensen
Consumption Risk Technology Adoption and Poverty Traps Book PDF

Author : Stefan Dercon,Luc Christiaensen
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:931669922

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Consumption Risk, Technology Adoption, and Poverty Traps by Stefan Dercon,Luc Christiaensen Pdf

Much has been written on the determinants of input and technology adoption in agriculture, with issues such as input availability, knowledge and education, risk preferences, profitability, and credit constraints receiving much attention. This paper focuses on a factor that has been less well documented-the differential ability of households to take on risky production technologies for fear of the welfare consequences if shocks result in poor harvests. Building on an explicit model, this is explored in panel data for Ethiopia. Historical rainfall distributions are used to identify the counterfactual consumption risk. Controlling for unobserved household and time-varying village characteristics, it emerges that not just ex-ante credit constraints, but also the possibly low consumption outcomes when harvests fail, discourage the application of fertilizer. The lack of insurance causes inefficiency in production choices.

Consumption Risk, Technology Adoption and Poverty Traps

Stefan Dercon
Consumption Risk Technology Adoption and Poverty Traps Book PDF

Author : Stefan Dercon
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 42 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2015
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:1290218474

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Consumption Risk, Technology Adoption and Poverty Traps by Stefan Dercon Pdf

Much has been written on the determinants of input and technology adoption in agriculture, with issues such as input availability, knowledge and education, risk preferences, profitability, and credit constraints receiving much attention. This paper focuses on a factor that has been less well documented: the differential ability of households to take on risky production technologies for fear of the welfare consequences if shocks result in poor harvests. Building on an explicit model, this is explored in panel data for Ethiopia. Historical rainfall distributions are used to identify the counterfactual consumption risk. Controlling for unobserved household and time-varying village characteristics, it emerges that not just exante credit constraints, but also the possibly low consumption outcomes when harvests fail, discourage the application of fertiliser. The lack of insurance causes inefficiency in production choices.

The Economics of Poverty Traps

Christopher B. Barrett,Michael Carter,Jean-Paul Chavas,Michael R. Carter
The Economics of Poverty Traps Book PDF

Author : Christopher B. Barrett,Michael Carter,Jean-Paul Chavas,Michael R. Carter
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 425 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2018-12-07
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780226574301

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The Economics of Poverty Traps by Christopher B. Barrett,Michael Carter,Jean-Paul Chavas,Michael R. Carter Pdf

What circumstances or behaviors turn poverty into a cycle that perpetuates across generations? The answer to this question carries especially important implications for the design and evaluation of policies and projects intended to reduce poverty. Yet a major challenge analysts and policymakers face in understanding poverty traps is the sheer number of mechanisms—not just financial, but also environmental, physical, and psychological—that may contribute to the persistence of poverty all over the world. The research in this volume explores the hypothesis that poverty is self-reinforcing because the equilibrium behaviors of the poor perpetuate low standards of living. Contributions explore the dynamic, complex processes by which households accumulate assets and increase their productivity and earnings potential, as well as the conditions under which some individuals, groups, and economies struggle to escape poverty. Investigating the full range of phenomena that combine to generate poverty traps—gleaned from behavioral, health, and resource economics as well as the sociology, psychology, and environmental literatures—chapters in this volume also present new evidence that highlights both the insights and the limits of a poverty trap lens. The framework introduced in this volume provides a robust platform for studying well-being dynamics in developing economies.

Stimulating agricultural technology adoption: Lessons from fertilizer use among Ugandan potato farmers

Nazziwa-Nviiri, Lydia,Van Campenhout, Bjorn,Amwonya, David
Stimulating agricultural technology adoption Lessons from fertilizer use among Ugandan potato farmers Book PDF

Author : Nazziwa-Nviiri, Lydia,Van Campenhout, Bjorn,Amwonya, David
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 36 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2017-02-17
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Stimulating agricultural technology adoption: Lessons from fertilizer use among Ugandan potato farmers by Nazziwa-Nviiri, Lydia,Van Campenhout, Bjorn,Amwonya, David Pdf

In the context of a growing population in an already densely populated area, agricultural yields will need to increase without putting additional stress on the environment. The adoption of modern inputs by smallholders is an important ingredient of agricultural transformation. In this study we explore plot-level, household-level, and institutional-level characteristics associated with agricultural technology adoption behavior among smallholder farmers. The aim is to uncover correlations that can guide the design of policies and incentives that are likely to increase adoption. We explicitly differentiate between fixed costs that are likely to affect the decision to use the technology and variable costs that are more relevant for the decision regarding use intensity. In addition, we examine how the importance of each of these characteristics differs with asset status. To do so, we use data from about 1,880 potato plots cultivated by 500 randomly selected potato growers in southwestern Uganda. We first categorize households into poorly endowed and well-endowed asset classes based on their access to productive assets. We then estimate double-hurdle models for take-up and use intensity of fertilizer for each group. The results show that the factors associated with the decision to use fertilizer are often different from those associated with the decision about how much fertilizer to use and that the characteristics correlated with fertilizer adoption differ between asset-poor and asset-rich farmers. For instance, asset-poor female-headed households are less likely to use fertilizer, but if they do, they use more of it than male-headed households. Our results also suggest fertilizer packaging and distribution are important factors in fertilizer adoption decisions due to their impact on costs related to both indivisibilities and uncertainty about the quality. We derive a range of policy recommendations.

insurance, credit and technology adoption: field experimental evidence from malawi

Dean Yang
insurance credit and technology adoption field experimental evidence from malawi Book PDF

Author : Dean Yang
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 33 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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insurance, credit and technology adoption: field experimental evidence from malawi by Dean Yang Pdf

The adoption of new agricultural technologies may be discouraged because of their inherent riskiness. This study implemented a randomized field experiment to ask whether the provision of insurance against a major source of production risk induces farmers to take out loans to invest in a new crop variety. The study sample was composed of roughly 800 maize and groundnut farmers in Malawi, where by far the dominant source of production risk is the level of rainfall. We randomly selected half of the farmers to be offered credit to purchase high-yielding hybrid maize and improved groundnut seeds for planting in the November 2006 crop season. The other half of the farmers were offered a similar credit package but were also required to purchase (at actuarially fair rates) a weather insurance policy that partially or fully forgave the loan in the event of poor rainfall. Surprisingly, take up was lower by 13 percentage points among farmers offered insurance with the loan. Take-up was 33.0 percent for farmers who were offered the uninsured loan. There is suggestive evidence that the reduced take-up of the insured loan was due to the high cognitive cost of evaluating the insurance: insured loan take-up was positively correlated with farmer education levels. By contrast, the take-up of the uninsured loan was uncorrelated with farmer education.

The Oxford Handbook of Africa and Economics

Célestin Monga,Justin Yifu Lin
The Oxford Handbook of Africa and Economics Book PDF

Author : Célestin Monga,Justin Yifu Lin
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 608 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2015-07-02
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780191510755

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The Oxford Handbook of Africa and Economics by Célestin Monga,Justin Yifu Lin Pdf

For a long time, economic research on Africa was not seen as a profitable venture intellectually or professionally-few researchers in top-ranked institutions around the world chose to become experts in the field. This was understandable: the reputation of Africa-centered economic research was not enhanced by the well-known limitations of economic data across the continent. Moreover, development economics itself was not always fashionable, and the broader discipline of economics has had its ups and downs, and has been undergoing a major identity crisis because it failed to predict the Great Recession. Times have changed: many leading researchers-including a few Nobel laureates-have taken the subject of Africa and economics seriously enough to devote their expertise and creativity to it. They have been amply rewarded: the richness, complexities, and subtleties of African societies, civilizations, rationalities, and ways of living, have helped renew the humanities and the social sciences-and economics in particular-to the point that the continent has become the next major intellectual frontier to researchers from around the world. In collecting some of the most authoritative statements about the science of economics and its concepts in the African context, this lhandbook (the first of two volumes) opens up the diverse acuity of commentary on exciting topics, and in the process challenges and stimulates the quest for knowledge. Wide-ranging in its scope, themes, language, and approaches, this volume explores, examines, and assesses economic thinking on Africa, and Africa's contribution to the discipline. The editors bring a set of powerful resources to this endeavor, most notably a team of internationally-renowned economists whose diverse viewpoints are complemented by the perspectives of philosophers, political scientists, and anthropologists.

Weather Risk

Hurley, Terrance,Koo, Jawoo,Tesfaye, Kindei
Weather Risk Book PDF

Author : Hurley, Terrance,Koo, Jawoo,Tesfaye, Kindei
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 41 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2016-12-09
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Weather Risk by Hurley, Terrance,Koo, Jawoo,Tesfaye, Kindei Pdf

The purpose of this research was to explore how weather risk affects the value of nitrogen fertilizer use and improved seed variety adoption to Sub-Saharan African (SSA) maize farmers. It contributes to the literature by providing additional broad support for the hypothesis that low rates of fertilizer use and improved seed variety adoption can be attributed to the fact that the SSA landscape is heterogeneous, so fertilizer and improved seed are not always advantageous, especially when considering the potentially high cost to farmers of obtaining fertilizer and improved seed. The analysis finds a synergy between nitrogen fertilizer and improve seed varieties. While the benefits of nitrogen tend to increase overtime without improved seed varieties and the benefits of improved seed varieties tend to decrease overtime without nitrogen, combining the two provides more sustained productivity benefits. Therefore, securing both nitrogen use and improved variety adoption is important for promoting sustained productivity increases across most of SSA. The research also contributes to the literature a methodology for calculating willingness to pay bounds that assess the importance of farmers’ risk tolerances as a barrier to fertilizer use or improved seed variety adoption.

Can markets support smallholder adoption of a food safety technology? Aflasafe in Kenya

Hoffmann, Vivian,Kariuki, Sarah,Pieters, Janneke,Treurniet, Mark
Can markets support smallholder adoption of a food safety technology Aflasafe in Kenya Book PDF

Author : Hoffmann, Vivian,Kariuki, Sarah,Pieters, Janneke,Treurniet, Mark
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 17 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2019-01-03
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Can markets support smallholder adoption of a food safety technology? Aflasafe in Kenya by Hoffmann, Vivian,Kariuki, Sarah,Pieters, Janneke,Treurniet, Mark Pdf

In this paper, we test the impact of a simulated market premium for food safety, and of bundling rainfall insurance with an aflatoxin-reducing technology (Aflasafe KE01), on smallholder farmers’ adoption of this technology. To identify these impacts, we conducted a randomized trial through which farmers in one of the most aflatoxin-affected regions in the world were given the opportunity to purchase Aflasafe under experimentally varied market conditions. Half of 152 pre-existing producer groups were assigned to a market linkage treatment and offered a premium price for the maize they aggregated if it conformed to the East African aflatoxin standard. The market linkage treatment was cross-cut with a bundled insurance treatment, in which Aflasafe could only be purchased together with an actuarily fair rainfall index insurance product designed to insure against maize losses due to unfavorable weather conditions during the growing period. Farmers not assigned to the bundled insurance treatment who purchased Aflasafe were able to purchase the same insurance separately.

Contemporary Issues in Sustainable Development

Tanika Chakraborty,Deep Mukherjee,Sarani Saha
Contemporary Issues in Sustainable Development Book PDF

Author : Tanika Chakraborty,Deep Mukherjee,Sarani Saha
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 377 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2020-12-28
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781000330632

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Contemporary Issues in Sustainable Development by Tanika Chakraborty,Deep Mukherjee,Sarani Saha Pdf

This book analyzes different perspectives around sustainable development, risk management and managing demand across various sectors in India. Diverse theories and analytical methods from various disciplines, as well as case studies, are brought together to present an in-depth study. The book discusses the challenges of achieving sustainability, the role of quantitative research to assess current scenarios, and the role of policy making to bring improvements in the Indian context. It examines the socioeconomic ways of pursuing sustainable development in the areas of agriculture, climate change and energy; the environment and natural resources; health and society. It also analyzes important quantitative models for sustainability policy analysis and provides case studies to understand the practical implementations of the models. This book will be a great reference manual that covers a whole gamut of analytical techniques that are useful for students, research scholars and practitioners of economics, environmental studies, development studies, sociology, South Asian studies and public policy, among others.

World Development Report 2014

World Bank
World Development Report 2014 Book PDF

Author : World Bank
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 363 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2013-10
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780821399033

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World Development Report 2014 by World Bank Pdf

The World Development Report 2014 examines how improving risk management can lead to larger gains in development and poverty reduction. It argues that improving risk management is crucial to reduce the negative impacts of shocks and hazards, but also to enable people to pursue new opportunities for growth and prosperity.

Managing Risk in Agriculture

Ashok K. Mishra,Subal C. Kumbhakar,Gudbrand Lien
Managing Risk in Agriculture Book PDF

Author : Ashok K. Mishra,Subal C. Kumbhakar,Gudbrand Lien
Publisher : CABI
Page : 339 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2023-10-02
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781800622265

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Managing Risk in Agriculture by Ashok K. Mishra,Subal C. Kumbhakar,Gudbrand Lien Pdf

The book addresses and documents farmers' risks in developing and emerging economies. It draws lessons from experimental economics on measuring risk preferences, attitudes, gender differences in managing risks, and risk management strategies in countries across Africa and Asia. It argues policy makers, especially in emerging economies, need a better understanding of farmers' attitudes toward risk and choices of risk management strategies when designing policies to support production agriculture. The book includes chapters on three themes: understanding risk attitudes and preferences; using experimental economics to measure risk, preferences, and risk management strategies; and understanding climate change, risk, and risk management. The book critically examines the currently held beliefs about risk preference, attitudes, and empirical estimation of risk management strategies, emphasizing developing and emerging economies (DEE). This book is ideal for students and researchers in universities and research organizations who conduct applied research on public policy, community development, and rural development, and will also be of interest to policy-makers in those fields.

The rapid expansion of herbicide use in smallholder agriculture in Ethiopia

Tamru, Seneshaw,Minten, Bart,Alemu, Dawit,Bachewe, Fantu Nisrane
The rapid expansion of herbicide use in smallholder agriculture in Ethiopia Book PDF

Author : Tamru, Seneshaw,Minten, Bart,Alemu, Dawit,Bachewe, Fantu Nisrane
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 20 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2016-09-27
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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The rapid expansion of herbicide use in smallholder agriculture in Ethiopia by Tamru, Seneshaw,Minten, Bart,Alemu, Dawit,Bachewe, Fantu Nisrane Pdf

We use qualitative and quantitative information from a number of datasets to study the adoption patterns and labor productivity impacts of herbicide use in Ethiopia. We find a four-fold increase in the value of herbicides imported into Ethiopia over the last decade, primarily by the private-sector. Adoption of herbicides by smallholders has grown rapidly over this period, with the application of herbicides on cereals doubling to more than a quarter of the area under cereals between 2004 and 2014. Relying on unique data from a large-scale survey of producers of teff, the most widely grown cereal in Ethiopia, we find significant positive labor productivity effects of herbicide use of between 9 and 18 percent. We show that the adoption of herbicides is strongly related to proximity to urban centers, levels of local rural wages, and access to markets. All these factors have changed significantly over the last decade in Ethiopia, explaining the rapid take-off in herbicide adoption. The significant increase in herbicide use in Ethiopia has important implications for rural labor markets, potential environmental and health considerations, and capacity development for the design and effective implementation of regulatory policies on herbicides .

Food systems transformation in Kenya: Lessons from the past and policy options for the future Loading... Files Full Book (7.78 MB, pdf) Chapters List (73 KB, pdf) Authors Breisinger, Clemens Keenan, Michael Mbuthia, Juneweenex Njuki, Jemimah Date Issued 2023-12-20 Language en Type Book Review Status Peer Review Access Rights Open Access Open Access Usage Rights CC-BY-4.0 Metadata Sha

Breisinger, Clemens,Keenan, Michael,Mbuthia, Juneweenex,Njuki, Jemimah
Food systems transformation in Kenya Lessons from the past and policy options for the future Loading Files Full Book 7 78 MB pdf Chapters List 73 KB pdf Authors Breisinger Clemens Keenan Michael Mbuthia Juneweenex Njuki Jemimah Date Issued 2023 12 20 Language en Type Book Review Status Peer Review Access Rights Open Access Open Access Usage Rights CC BY 4 0 Metadata Sha Book PDF

Author : Breisinger, Clemens,Keenan, Michael,Mbuthia, Juneweenex,Njuki, Jemimah
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 536 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2024-02-12
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Food systems transformation in Kenya: Lessons from the past and policy options for the future Loading... Files Full Book (7.78 MB, pdf) Chapters List (73 KB, pdf) Authors Breisinger, Clemens Keenan, Michael Mbuthia, Juneweenex Njuki, Jemimah Date Issued 2023-12-20 Language en Type Book Review Status Peer Review Access Rights Open Access Open Access Usage Rights CC-BY-4.0 Metadata Sha by Breisinger, Clemens,Keenan, Michael,Mbuthia, Juneweenex,Njuki, Jemimah Pdf

The new Kenyan government faces a complex domestic and global environment, and it is widely expected to address key food and agricultural challenges with a new set of policies and programs. This policy brief presents key recommendations from a forthcoming book, Food Systems Transformation in Kenya: Lessons from the Past and Policy Options for the Future, which provides research-based “food for thought and action” to support the Kenyan government’s efforts to improve food security.

Financing for Overcoming Economic Insecurity

Rob Vos,Nazrul Islam
Financing for Overcoming Economic Insecurity Book PDF

Author : Rob Vos,Nazrul Islam
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 265 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2015-03-12
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781849665780

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Financing for Overcoming Economic Insecurity by Rob Vos,Nazrul Islam Pdf

The world is witnessing the paradox of simultaneous increase in income and insecurity. According to available data, global average per capita income has increased in recent decades, while at the same time actual and perceived insecurity has also increased. This paradox is true for both developed and developing countries. However, the concrete form and causes of insecurity differs across these two groups of countries. To the extent that income levels in many developing countries are very low, economic insecurity in these countries takes a starker and chronic form. In Financing for Overcoming Economic Insecurity, leading experts examine the causes and consequences of rising economic insecurity and policy measures that can be adopted to overcome insecurity. The volume contains papers addressing issues of economic insecurity pertaining to both developed and developing countries and caused by both economic factors and natural hazards. It also discusses the issues at both macro and micro levels. The volume's focus on policy measures, such as redistribution and reinvestment of profit income in developed countries and imposition of capital control and promotion of micro insurance in developing countries, should be of much help to policymakers as well as researchers.