Continental Rifts Evolution Structure Tectonics

Author : K.H. Olsen
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 463 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 1995-11-24
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780080529837

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Continental Rifts: Evolution, Structure, Tectonics by K.H. Olsen Pdf

This multi-author book has been prepared by an international group of geoscientists that have been active in rift research since the late 1960s. In 1984, an informal, grass-roots study group was initiated to compare individual research results and to explore in greater depth the apparent differences and similarities in the interpretations from various rift systems. The group became known as the CREST working group, an acronym of Continental Rifts: Evolution, Structure and Tectonics, which not surprisingly became the title of this book. Continental Rifts: Evolution, Structure, Tectonics presents an overview of the present state of understanding and knowledge of the processes of continental rifting from a multidisciplinary, lithospheric scale perspective. The chapters have been structured on each rift system in approximately the same synoptic sequence, so as to facilitate comparisons of rifts by the reader. The book complements its predecessors by presenting a more unified picture. It succeeds in presenting the status of a representative majority of the continental rift systems that have been at the forefront of recent research. For students and experienced researchers alike, this book will be of significant value in assessing the current state of knowledge and in serving as a framework for future research.

Author : Achyuta Ayan Misra,Soumyajit Mukherjee
Publisher : Springer
Page : 88 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2015-06-25
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783319205762

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Tectonic Inheritance in Continental Rifts and Passive Margins by Achyuta Ayan Misra,Soumyajit Mukherjee Pdf

This work reviews the mechanism of rifting with a focus on pre-existing tectonic weaknesses in pre-rift and/or basement rocks, i.e., on tectonic inheritance. The passive margins that are studied in this book are the Norwegian Continental Shelf, the Eastern North America and the East and West Indian Continental Margins. The continental rifts that have been analysed are the East African Rift System, the Brazilian Continental Rift Systems and the European Cenozoic Rift System. It states how rifts and passive margins serve as valuable locations for hydrocarbon exploration. Tectonic inheritance/heritage examines the influence of pre-existing/pre-rift elements on the geometry, genesis and propagation of rift-related faults. Such elements include anisotropies in the shallow crustal levels, as well as the rheology of the lithosphere. Inheritance greatly influences the architecture of rifted passive margins including the attitude of faults and geometry of horsts, (half-) grabens, transfer zones etc. Inheritance is also a determining factor in the width of rifts and rift shoulder topography.

Author : P.A. Ziegler
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 261 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2015-12-04
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781483295084

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Geodynamics of Rifting by P.A. Ziegler Pdf

This volume contains papers giving an interdisciplinary review of 12 major rift systems from North and South America, Africa, Europe and Asia. These papers are written by an international group of academic and industrial specialists each of whom is most knowledgeable about the respective rift. The analyzed rifts were selected on the basis of availability of an as-complete-as-possible geological and geophysical data base. Thirteen papers deal with geodynamic processes governing the evolution of rifts. A comprehensive digest of the available stratigraphic, structural, geophysical and petrological data, together with an extensive list of references, is provided for each of the analyzed rift systems. The megatectonic setting and dynamics of evolution of each basin is discussed. Geodynamic models are tested against the record of the analyzed rifts. The question of "active" as against "passive" rifting is addressed. The rifts analyzed range in age from Precambrian to Recent and cover a wide spectrum of megatectonic settings. There is discussion of the evolution of rifts in a plate-tectonic frame. The case histories are followed by discussions addressing the global setting of rifts and geodynamic processes active during the development of rifted basins.

Author : Albert Mathieson Quennell
Publisher : Van Nostrand Reinhold Company
Page : 376 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 1985
Category : Continents
ISBN : UCSD:31822002096360

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Continental Rifts by Albert Mathieson Quennell Pdf

Author : David G. Roberts
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 567 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2012-04-27
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780444563569

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Regional Geology and Tectonics: Phanerozoic Rift Systems and Sedimentary Basins by David G. Roberts Pdf

This volume discusses the importance of rift systems and the structural evolution of the Earth. It analyses active rifts in East Africa, China and Siberia, and presents overviews of sequence stratigraphy in rifts and structural controls on clastic and carbonate sedimentation.

Author : R.D. van der Hilst,W.F. McDonough
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 341 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 1999-10-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 0080529453

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Composition, Deep Structure and Evolution of Continents by R.D. van der Hilst,W.F. McDonough Pdf

The ensemble of manuscripts presented in this special volume captures the stimulating cross-disciplinary dialogue from the International Symposium on Deep Structure, Composition, and Evolution of Continents, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 15-17 October 1997. It will provide an update on recent research developments and serve as a starting point for research of the many outstanding issues. After its formation at mid-oceanic spreading centers, oceanic lithosphere cools, thickens, and subsides, until it subducts into the deep mantle beneath convergent margins. As a result of this continuous recycling process oceanic lithosphere is typically less than 200 million years old (the global average is about 80 Myr). A comprehensive, multi-disciplinary study of continents involves a wide range of length scales: tiny rock samples and diamond inclusions may yield isotope and trace element signatures diagnostic for the formation age and evolution of (parts of) cratons, while geophysical techniques (e.g., seismic and electromagnetic imaging) constrain variations of elastic and conductive properties over length scales ranging from several to many thousand kilometers. Integrating and reconciling this information is far from trivial and, as several papers in this volume document, the relationships between, for instance, formation age and tectonic behavior on the one hand and the seismic signature, heat flow, and petrology on the other may not be uniform but may vary both within as well as between cratons. These observations complicate attempts to determine the variations of one particular observable (e.g., heat flow, lithosphere thickness) as a function of another (e.g., crustal age) on the basis of global data compilations and tectonic regionalizations. Important conclusions of the work presented here are that (1) continental deformation, for instance shortening, is not restricted to the crust but also involves the lithospheric mantle; (2) the high wavespeed part of continental lithospheric mantle is probably thinner than inferred previously from vertically travelling body waves or form global surface-wave models; and (3) the seismic signature of ancient continents is more complex than expected from a uniform relationship with crustal age.

Author : Kent C. Condie
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2015-12-04
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781483100142

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Plate Tectonics & Crustal Evolution by Kent C. Condie Pdf

Plate Tectonics & Crustal Evolution, Second Edition covers the role of plate tectonics in the geologic past in light of existing geologic evidence, and examples of plate reconstructions. The book discusses the important physical and chemical properties of the crust and upper mantle in terms of models for crustal origin and evolution. The text also describes sea-floor spreading; magma associations; plate tectonics and continental drift. The phanerozoic orogenic systems and the precambrian crustal development are also tackled. The book will be invaluable to students in the earth sciences and to various specialists in the geological sciences.

Author : Franco Pirajno
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 572 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2013-11-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789401725026

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Ore Deposits and Mantle Plumes by Franco Pirajno Pdf

PERTH Western Australia March 2000 Increasingly explorationists are seeking to find new ore deposits in poorly prospected areas, be they geographically remote, such as in the Arctic, or geologically remote, such as those under sedimentary cover. Modern prospecting techniques, including low-detection-level geochemistry and the use of advanced geophysical instrumentation have greatly assisted explorers but fundamental to any soundly based exploration program remains an understanding of the geological framework of ore deposits. This allows the development of deposit models on macroscopic and mesoscopic scales. This book by Dr. Franeo Pirajno draws on his extensive and wide global experience. To set the scene for a discussion of ore deposit generation Franeo details the Earths internal structures and mantle dynamics. He then explores the impact of mantle plumes on the crust and in particular their role in the production of magmatic environments, and in continental scale rifting. This includes a descriptive section on magmatic provinces around the globe, which highlights the importance of plumes. Any study of Earth processes needs to take into account the effects of extraterrestrial bombardment, and in particular the results from the impacts of large bolides. The effects of these impacts on the atmosphere and on life have now been recognised as profound. It is likely that the effect ofthese impacts on the Earth's crust is as equally profound.

Author : David G. Roberts,A.W. Bally
Publisher : Newnes
Page : 4045 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780444595638

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Regional Geology and Tectonics by David G. Roberts,A.W. Bally Pdf

Volume 1A: Principles of Geologic AnalysisA "how-to" primer describes the basic concepts petroleum geologists and students need to understand hydrocarbon exploration in a broad range of geological settings globally. Volume 1B: Phanerozoic Rift Systems and Sedimentary BasinsIncorporates industry data to present regional seismic lines and cross sections to accurately document and analyze proven hydrocarbon systems. It also includes summaries of analogue and theoretical models as an essential backdrop to the structure and stratigraphy of a variety of geological settings. Volume 1C: Phanerozoic Passive Margins, Cratonic Basins and Global Tectonic MapsFocuses on both volcanic and non-volcanic passive margins as well as cratonic basins—critical habitats for hydrocarbons. It provides a unique basis for comparison of different passive margins and for an understanding of their structural and stratigraphic evolution, as well as their petroleum systems—especially useful to explorationists working in deep-water basins and researchers examining the tectonic evolution of the continent-ocean transition. A vast amount of data to enable hydrocarbon play assessments and analysis on passive margins is also included in this thorough yet accessible reference. Individual volumes can also be purchased:978044453042497804445635699780444563576 Volume 1A discusses in detail the principles of regional geological analysis and the main geological and geophysical tools used in basin analysis Volume 1B features simple documentation and analysis of major rift systems developed in contrasting geological settings as well as in-depth analyses of active rifts in various regions all over the world for immediately implementable petroleum exploration applications Volume 1C features real-world case studies and analyses, useful summaries of analogue and theoretical models, thorough documentation of numerous passive margins that are the focus of deep water oil exploration, and unique tectonic maps facilitating access to exact basin locations and their tectonic settings A companion website offers select downloadable images from the books: http://booksite.elsevier.com/9780444530424/index.php

Author : Rabi Bastia,M. Radhakrishna
Publisher : Newnes
Page : 432 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-31
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780444536051

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Basin Evolution and Petroleum Prospectivity of the Continental Margins of India by Rabi Bastia,M. Radhakrishna Pdf

During the past 10 years, the Oil industry in India has seen a tremendous rise in exploration activity with several major E&P companies generating vast amount of new geological and geophysical data. The availability of such integrated data sets (gravity, magnetic, seismic, drilled wells), especially in the deep offshore basins, has led the authors to revisit earlier concepts and models in order to redefine the tectonic framework of major offshore basins along the Indian continental margins. The book covers the stratigraphic evolution, play types and the classification of major offshore basins both in shallow and deepwater environments. Incorporation of latest dataset (specially the seismic, gravity and magnetic) Analogy of global offshore basins with India Sedimentation and depositional history of Bengal fan and Indus fan Redefinition of major tectonic framework of the margins Exceleent high quality graphics that include: seismic sections, gravity-magnetic maps, conceptual geological models and new revised tectonic elements

Author : T.J. Wright,A. Ayele,D.J. Ferguson,T. Kidane,C. Vye-Brown
Publisher : Geological Society of London
Page : 373 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2016-09-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781862397293

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Magmatic Rifting and Active Volcanism by T.J. Wright,A. Ayele,D.J. Ferguson,T. Kidane,C. Vye-Brown Pdf

A major rifting episode began in the Afar region of northern Ethiopia in September 2005. Over a ten-day period, c. 2.5 km3 of magma were intruded along a 60 km-long dyke separating the Arabian and Nubian plates. Over the next five years, a further 13 dyke intrusions caused continued extension, eruptions and seismicity. This activity led to a renewed international focus on the role of magmatism in rifting, with major international collaborative projects working in Afar and Ethiopia to study the ongoing activity and to place it in a broader context. This book brings together articles that explore the role of magmatism in rifting, from the initiation of continental break-up through to full seafloor spreading. We also explore the hazards related to rifting and the associated volcanism. This work has implications for our understanding of how continents break-up and the associated distribution of resources in rift basins and continental margins.

Author : I.B. Ramberg,E.R. Neumann
Publisher : Springer
Page : 464 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 1978-08-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789027708670

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Tectonics and Geophysics of Continental Rifts by I.B. Ramberg,E.R. Neumann Pdf

The NATO Advanced Study Institute "Paleorift Systems with Emphasis on the Permian Oslo Rift" was held at Sundvollen near Oslo, Norway, 26. July - 5. August, 1977. The meeting included 6 field trips to various parts of the Oslo Region. 70 official participants and 16 observers from 14 countries attended the meeting. The majority of the invited lectures, short research papers and progress reports presented at the meeting are published in two volumes, of which this is volume No. II. A table of con tents for both volumes is include8 herein. The field trip guide is being published in the Nor~gian Geological Survey Series, Vol. 327 (1978). We are especially pleased to acknowledge the efforts of the many authors of contributed papers, and the able assistance of secretaries, proof-readers and other staffmembers without whose help these volumes would not have been possible. Oslo, 20. February 1978. Ivar B. Ramberg Else-Ragnhild Neumann xi Organizing Committee members: O. Eldholm Department of Geology, University G. Gr¢nlie of Oslo J. Naterstad I.B. Ramberg (chairman) J.A. Dons Mineralogical-Geological Museum, B.T. Larsen (secretary) University of Oslo E.-R. Neumann (secretary) K.S. Heier (chairman) Norwegian Geological Survey S. Huseby B. Sundvoll M.A. Sellevoll Seismological Observatory, University of Bergen K. Storetvedt Geophysics Institute, University of Bergen P.M. Ihlen Geological Institute, University of Chr. Oftedahl Trondheim F.M. Vokes E.S. Husebye NTNF/NORSAR, 2007 Kjeller This volume is Scientific Report No. 40 of the Geodynamics Project.

Author : A. W. Brian Jacob,Damien Delvaux,Mohammed Aftab Khan
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 186 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 1997
Category : Earth
ISBN : PSU:000043338405

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Lithospheric Structure, Evolution and Sedimentation in Continental Rifts by A. W. Brian Jacob,Damien Delvaux,Mohammed Aftab Khan Pdf

Author : Valerio Acocella
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 568 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2021-05-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783030659684

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Volcano-Tectonic Processes by Valerio Acocella Pdf

Volcanoes have terrified and, at the same time, fascinated civilizations for thousands of years. Many aspects of volcanoes, most notably the eruptive processes and the compositional variations of magma, have been widely investigated for several decades and today constitute the core of any volcanology textbook. Nevertheless, in the last two decades, boosted by the availability of volcano monitoring data, there has been an increasing interest in the pre-eruptive processes related to the shallow accumulation and to the transfer of magma approaching the surface, as well as in the resulting structure of volcanoes. These are innovative and essential aspects of modern volcanology and, as driving volcanic unrest, their understanding also improves hazard assessment and eruption forecasting. So far, the significant progress made in unravelling these volcano-tectonic processes has not been supported by a comprehensive overview. This monograph aims at filling this gap, describing the pre-eruptive processes related to the structure, deformation and tectonics of volcanoes, at the local and regional scale, in any tectonic setting. The monograph is organized into three sections (“Fundamentals”, “Magma migration towards the surface” and “The regional perspective”), consisting of thirteen chapters that are lavishly illustrated. The reader is accompanied in a journey within the volcano factory, discovering the processes associated with the shallow accumulation of magma and its transfer towards the surface, how these control the structure of volcanoes and their activity and, ultimately, improve our ability to estimate hazard and forecast eruption. The potential readership includes any academic, researcher and upper undergraduate student interested in volcanology, magma intrusions, structural geology, tectonics, geodesy, as well as geology and geophysics in general.

Author : Anthony B Watts
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 627 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2010-05-13
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780444535726

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Treatise on Geophysics, Volume 6 by Anthony B Watts Pdf

Treatise on Geophysics: Crust and Lithosphere Dynamics, Volume 6, provides a comprehensive review of the state of knowledge on crust and lithosphere dynamics, which is defined as the study of how the outermost layers of the Earth respond to loads that are emplaced on, within, and below it and its implications for plate mechanics and mantle flow. The book begins with a chapter on plate kinematics, which shows how new observations and methodologies have improved the resolution of relative and absolute plate motions. This is followed by studies of plate mechanics, focusing on the long-term rheology of the plates and response of the plates to both relatively short-term and long-term loads. The book also includes chapters that examine the evidence from surface heat flow, borehole breakouts, and magma models for the thermal and mechanical structure of the lithosphere; the deformation of the lithosphere in extensional and compressional settings. The final two chapters deal with the structural styles of faulting in the shallow brittle part of the lithosphere, the brittle-ductile transition, and the shear zone in the ductile part of the lithosphere; and how developments in plate mechanics have impacted our understanding of geological processes. Self-contained volume starts with an overview of the subject then explores each topic with in depth detail Extensive reference lists and cross references with other volumes to facilitate further research Full-color figures and tables support the text and aid in understanding Content suited for both the expert and non-expert