Convergence To Very Low Fertility In East Asia Processes Causes And Implications

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Convergence to Very Low Fertility in East Asia: Processes, Causes, and Implications

Noriko O. Tsuya,Minja Kim Choe,Feng Wang
Convergence to Very Low Fertility in East Asia Processes Causes and Implications Book PDF

Author : Noriko O. Tsuya,Minja Kim Choe,Feng Wang
Publisher : Springer
Page : 66 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2019-03-23
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9784431557814

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Convergence to Very Low Fertility in East Asia: Processes, Causes, and Implications by Noriko O. Tsuya,Minja Kim Choe,Feng Wang Pdf

This book examines the trends, underlying factors, and policy implications of fertility declines in three East Asian countries: Japan, South Korea, and China. In contrast to Western countries that have also experienced fertility declines to below-replacement levels, fertility decline in these East Asian countries is most notable in its rapidity and sheer magnitude. After a rapid decline shortly after the war, in which fertility was halved in one decade from 4.5 children per woman in 1947 to 2.1 in 1957, Japan's fertility started to decline to below-replacement levels in the mid-1970s, reaching 1.3 per woman in the early 2000s. Korea experienced one of the most spectacular declines ever recorded, with fertility falling continuously from very high (6.0 per woman) to a below-replacement level (1.6 per woman) between the early 1960s and mid-1980s, reaching 1.1 per woman in 2005. Similarly, after a dramatic decline from very high to low levels in one decade from the early 1970s to early 1980s, China's fertility reached around 1.5 per woman by 2005. Despite differences in timing, tempo, and scale of fertility declines, dramatic fertility reductions have resulted in extremely rapid population aging and foreshadow a long-term population decline in all three countries. This monograph provides a systematic comparison of fertility transitions in these East Asian countries and discusses the economic, social, and cultural factors that may account for their similarities and differences. After an overview of cultural backgrounds, economic transformations, and the evolution of policies, the trends and age patterns of fertility are examined. The authors then investigate changes in women's marriage and childbearing within marriage, the two major direct determinants of fertility, followed by an analysis of the social and economic factors underlying fertility and nuptiality changes, such as education, women's employment, and gender relations at home.

Ultra-Low Fertility in Pacific Asia

Paulin Straughan,Angelique Chan,Gavin Jones
Ultra Low Fertility in Pacific Asia Book PDF

Author : Paulin Straughan,Angelique Chan,Gavin Jones
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 236 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2008-09-25
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781134032105

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Ultra-Low Fertility in Pacific Asia by Paulin Straughan,Angelique Chan,Gavin Jones Pdf

This book brings together work on the low fertility countries of East Asia with an analysis of trends in fertility, what we know about their determinants and consequences, the policy issues and how these are being addressed in the various countries.

Low Fertility and Reproductive Health in East Asia

Naohiro Ogawa,Iqbal H. Shah
Low Fertility and Reproductive Health in East Asia Book PDF

Author : Naohiro Ogawa,Iqbal H. Shah
Publisher : Springer
Page : 220 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2014-10-10
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9401792275

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Low Fertility and Reproductive Health in East Asia by Naohiro Ogawa,Iqbal H. Shah Pdf

This book provides a unique blend of social and biomedical sciences in the field of low fertility and reproductive health. It offers a significant contribution to understanding the determinants of low fertility mostly in East Asia, including an assessment of the effectiveness of policies that aim to raise fertility. It introduces new analytical tools and methods and shares application of innovative approaches to analyzing cross-sectional and longitudinal survey data and macro socioeconomic data to shed light on changing mechanisms of low fertility in the context of reproductive health. The volume introduces the demographic dividend into the study of fertility, analyzes possible impact of population ageing on the amount of resources allocated to child rearing, i.e. the so called "crowding effect" in social care and public spending between the elderly and children. The book also tests the Low Fertility Trap (LFT) hypothesis, a new important theory regarding fertility trends. The book focuses on East Asia which is numerically large but relatively under-researched with regard to issues covered in various chapters. The relevance of the volume, however, goes beyond countries in East Asia. The book breaks new grounds and reveals little known facts regarding the influence of endocrine disruptors on male fertility through falling sperm counts, the phenomenon of marital sexlessness and about the sexual behavior of adolescents in East Asia.

World Population and Human Capital in the Twenty-First Century

Wolfgang Lutz,William P. Butz,Samir KC
World Population and Human Capital in the Twenty First Century Book PDF

Author : Wolfgang Lutz,William P. Butz,Samir KC
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 737 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2017
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780198813422

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World Population and Human Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Wolfgang Lutz,William P. Butz,Samir KC Pdf

Condensed into a detailed analysis and a selection of continent-wide datasets, this revised edition of World Population & Human Capital in the Twenty-First Century addresses the role of educational attainment in global population trends and models. Presenting the full chapter text of the original edition alongside a concise selection of data, it summarizes past trends in fertility, mortality, migration, and education, and examines relevant theories to identify key determining factors. Deriving from a global survey of hundreds of experts and five expert meetings on as many continents, World Population & Human Capital in the Twenty-First Century: An Overview emphasizes alternative trends in human capital, new ways of studying ageing and the quantification of alternative population, and education pathways in the context of global sustainable development. It is an ideal companion to the county specific online Wittgenstein Centre Data Explorer.

Perception of Family and Work in Low-Fertility East Asia

Junji Kageyama,Eriko Teramura
Perception of Family and Work in Low Fertility East Asia Book PDF

Author : Junji Kageyama,Eriko Teramura
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 89 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2023-09-30
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9789819938599

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Perception of Family and Work in Low-Fertility East Asia by Junji Kageyama,Eriko Teramura Pdf

This book is the first of its kind to incorporate subjective well-being (SWB) data to comprehensively explore perceptional factors that relate to fertility behavior in East Asia. The advantage of SWB data lies in the accessibility to rich information regarding perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors. With this advantage, the book inquires into the perceptions toward family and work and explores the attitudes that lead to low fertility in the region. To this end, first a comparative analysis with international cross-sectional data is performed and the East Asian characteristics of family and work perceptions are documented. Then, three democracies in the region are focused on—Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan—to investigate the relationships between cultural orientations, work–life balance, and fertility outcomes with panel data. In addition, East Asian results are compared with those in India, which has also been experiencing a rapid transition from a traditional society to an industrial one. The results support the idea that the friction between persistent gender-based role divisions and socioeconomic transformation in East Asia makes it difficult for women to balance family and work, prompting fertility decline to the lowest-low level in the region.

Changes in Work and Family Life in Japan Under COVID-19

Shigeki Matsuda,Hirohisa Takenoshita
Changes in Work and Family Life in Japan Under COVID 19 Book PDF

Author : Shigeki Matsuda,Hirohisa Takenoshita
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 116 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2023-10-23
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9789819958504

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Changes in Work and Family Life in Japan Under COVID-19 by Shigeki Matsuda,Hirohisa Takenoshita Pdf

This book describes how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the way of work, the division of household labor, and family formation in Japan. One of the characteristics of Japanese employment practices is a stable employer–employment relationship and seniority-based wage system. In return, long working hours, especially for men who are called “salarymen” (salaried workers, or “company men”), are required. The pandemic has led to an expansion of telework and has reduced their working hours, which has made them return to their homes to work. In contrast, non-regular employees, who are mostly women, has become more unstable in employment and their incomes fell. This tendency has become even stronger under the pandemic. Compared with conditions in Western countries, in Japan wives have a greater responsibility for domestic chores. In the pandemic, as children's classes shifted to online and childcare support facilities were temporarily closed, the burden of housework and child-rearing increased for wives. However, husbands who worked from home shared a part of the housework, and popular home delivery services helped to reduce the burdens on wives. Japan is one of the developed countries with low fertility rates. Under the pandemic, many Japanese postponed starting a family, which further shrank the country’s birthrate. There was a remarkably significant tendency to postpone having children among economically disadvantaged and socially isolated families. This book provides a portrait of Japan’s experience regarding the notable impacts of the pandemic on work and family life.

Leftover Women

Leta Hong Fincher
Leftover Women Book PDF

Author : Leta Hong Fincher
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 281 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2023-11-02
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781350323667

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Leftover Women by Leta Hong Fincher Pdf

A China Books Review Best China Book of 2023 Leta Hong Fincher's landmark book Leftover Women shone a light on the resurgence of gender inequality in 21st-century China. Ten years on, women in China continue to experience a dramatic rolling back of rights and gains in the increasingly patriarchal political climate of the Xi Jinping era. Leftover Women explores the structural discrimination against women and the broader problems with China's economy, politics, and development that lie behind it. This updated edition includes a new preface exploring developments in China in the 10 years since the book's original publication, including the new "three child policy", the growth in online feminist and LGBTQ activism and the state's increasingly repressive moves against dissent.

Public Policy’s Role in Achieving Sustainable Development Goals

Hamdan, Mahani,Anshari, Muhammad,Ahmad, Norainie,Ali, Emil
Public Policy s Role in Achieving Sustainable Development Goals Book PDF

Author : Hamdan, Mahani,Anshari, Muhammad,Ahmad, Norainie,Ali, Emil
Publisher : IGI Global
Page : 398 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2023-08-18
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781668489048

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Public Policy’s Role in Achieving Sustainable Development Goals by Hamdan, Mahani,Anshari, Muhammad,Ahmad, Norainie,Ali, Emil Pdf

In 2015, UN member states agreed to 17 global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure prosperity for all. The academic community, policymakers, industry leaders, and civil society must work together and share experiences on the implementation of SDGs. Open discussion on lessons learned from the inclusive education policies, the difficulties and obstacles developing economies face in implementing the SDGs, and the affordability of the clean energy policies initiated by the SDGs will guide and inform better decision making for future implementations across the world. Public Policy’s Role in Achieving Sustainable Development Goals is authored by various esteemed researchers, policymakers, and academics from a multidisciplinary perspective and emphasizes quality research-based studies that contribute to theory, lessons learned, best practices, critical understanding, and policy implications or formulation on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in any country. It supports the acceleration required to implement the SDGs by mobilizing the academic community, policymakers, industry, and civil society to discuss experiences focusing on the SDGs and their implementation in the context of public policy, administration, and governance deemed most important for world regions. Thus, the book will have a global discussion while addressing the SDGs in a way that considers each region’s specificities. It is designed for researchers from the social sciences, arts and humanities, sociology, politics, and the broader interdisciplinary fields of business and economics and also for policymakers, corporations, NGOs, government bodies, research centers, think tanks, and university libraries worldwide.

Journey to Adulthood

Chin-Chun Yi,Ming-Chang Tsai
Journey to Adulthood Book PDF

Author : Chin-Chun Yi,Ming-Chang Tsai
Publisher : SAGE
Page : 219 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2023-01-06
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781529612417

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Journey to Adulthood by Chin-Chun Yi,Ming-Chang Tsai Pdf

Young people in East Asia are increasingly experiencing a prolonged transition to adulthood. They are spending longer in school, entering the labour market later, and getting married later still. This protracted young adulthood interacts with forces of both tradition and modernization, as social and economic changes generate profound effects on the transition from school to work, on family formation, on personal relationships, and on subjective well-being. Journey to Adulthood explores the special characteristics of young adulthood in East Asia. It uses Taiwan as illustrative example, with comparative findings from its East Asian neighbours Japan, Korea and Hong Kong. It describes the particular growth context of a millennial generation, and the challenges they face as they attempt to balance family formation, personal development and entry into a market economy. Edited by Chin-Chun Yi and Ming-Chang Tsai, this collection helps us to understand the structural configurations East Asian young adults collectively represent. Taking a cross-cultural and comparative perspective, it enables meaningful policy suggestions on family dynamics, educational strategy, and health and well-being across the globe. Dr Chin-Chun Yi and Dr Ming-Chang Tsai both work within the Institute of Sociology, Research Center for Humanities and Social Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taiwan

Low and Lower Fertility

Ronald R. Rindfuss,Minja Kim Choe
Low and Lower Fertility Book PDF

Author : Ronald R. Rindfuss,Minja Kim Choe
Publisher : Springer
Page : 188 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2015-10-12
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9783319214825

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Low and Lower Fertility by Ronald R. Rindfuss,Minja Kim Choe Pdf

This volume examines two distinct low fertility scenarios that have emerged in economically advanced countries since the turn of the 20th century: one in which fertility is at or near replacement-level and the other where fertility is well below replacement. It explores the way various institutions, histories and cultures influence fertility in a diverse range of countries in Asia, Europe, North America and Australia. The book features invited papers from the Conference on Low Fertility, Population Aging and Population Policy, held December 2013 and co-sponsored by the East-West Center and the Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs (KIHASA). It first presents an overview of the demographic and policy implications of the two low fertility scenarios. Next, the book explores five countries currently experiencing low fertility rates: China, Hong Kong, Japan, Singapore and South Korea. It then examines three countries that have close to replacement-level fertility: Australia, the Netherlands and the United States. Each country is featured in a separate chapter written by a demographer with expert knowledge in the area. Very low fertility is linked to a number of conditions countries face, including a declining population size. At the same time, low fertility and its effect on the age structure, threatens social welfare policies. This book goes beyond the technical to examine the core institutional, policy and cultural factors behind this increasingly important issue. It helps readers to make cross-country comparisons and gain insight into how diverse institutions, policies and culture shape fertility levels and patterns.

Low Fertility in Europe

Stijn Hoorens
Low Fertility in Europe Book PDF

Author : Stijn Hoorens
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 99 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2011
Category : Fertility
ISBN : 6613530778

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Low Fertility in Europe by Stijn Hoorens Pdf

Recent statistics suggest that fertility in Europe shows signs of recovery after decades of year-on-year drops. This report updates a study on low fertility from 2004 and explores the extent, causes and consequences of the recent recovery.

The Economic Consequences of Demographic Change in East Asia

Takatoshi Ito,Andrew K. Rose
The Economic Consequences of Demographic Change in East Asia Book PDF

Author : Takatoshi Ito,Andrew K. Rose
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 403 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2010-10-15
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780226386881

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The Economic Consequences of Demographic Change in East Asia by Takatoshi Ito,Andrew K. Rose Pdf

Recent studies show that almost all industrial countries have experienced dramatic decreases in both fertility and mortality rates. This situation has led to aging societies with economies that suffer from both a decline in the working population and a rise in fiscal deficits linked to increased government spending. East Asia exemplifies these trends, and this volume offers an in-depth look at how long-term demographic transitions have taken shape there and how they have affected the economy in the region. The Economic Consequences of Demographic Change in East Asia assembles a group of experts to explore such topics as comparative demographic change, population aging, the rising cost of health care, and specific policy concerns in individual countries. The volume provides an overview of economic growth in East Asia as well as more specific studies on Japan, Korea, China, and Hong Kong. Offering important insights into the causes and consequences of this transition, this book will benefit students, researchers, and policy makers focused on East Asia as well as anyone concerned with similar trends elsewhere in the world.

How Long Do We Live?

Elisabetta Barbi,John Bongaarts,James W. Vaupel
How Long Do We Live Book PDF

Author : Elisabetta Barbi,John Bongaarts,James W. Vaupel
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 284 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2008-03-21
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9783540785200

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How Long Do We Live? by Elisabetta Barbi,John Bongaarts,James W. Vaupel Pdf

This book reviews the debate on how best to measure period longevity. Leading experts in demography critically examine the existence of the tempo effect in mortality, present extensions and applications, and compare period and cohort longevity measures.

The Demographic Dividend

David Bloom,David Canning,Jaypee Sevilla
The Demographic Dividend Book PDF

Author : David Bloom,David Canning,Jaypee Sevilla
Publisher : Rand Corporation
Page : 127 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2003-02-13
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780833033734

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The Demographic Dividend by David Bloom,David Canning,Jaypee Sevilla Pdf

There is long-standing debate on how population growth affects national economies. A new report from Population Matters examines the history of this debate and synthesizes current research on the topic. The authors, led by Harvard economist David Bloom, conclude that population age structure, more than size or growth per se, affects economic development, and that reducing high fertility can create opportunities for economic growth if the right kinds of educational, health, and labor-market policies are in place. The report also examines specific regions of the world and how their differing policy environments have affected the relationship between population change and economic development.

Fertility of Immigrants

Nadja Milewski
Fertility of Immigrants Book PDF

Author : Nadja Milewski
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 176 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2009-11-09
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9783642037054

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Fertility of Immigrants by Nadja Milewski Pdf

This volume, “Fertility of Immigrants: A Two-Generational Approach in Germany” by Dr. Nadja Milewski, is the sixth book of a series of Demographic Research Monographs published by Springer Verlag. Dr. Milewski is now working for the University of Rostock, but at the time she wrote the book, she was a research scientist at the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research. The book is a slightly-revised version of her doctoral dissertation (“Fertility of Immigrants and Their Descendants in West Germany: An Event History Approach”), which she completed at the Max Planck Institute and submitted to the University of Rostock. She was awarded highest honors, summa cum laude, for her dissertation. As Professor Jan Hoem wrote in his review of Dr. Milewski’s dissertation, the research focuses on the patterns and levels of childbearing among immigrant women. Given Germany’s varied immigration experience with refugees, asylum seekers, guest workers, and foreign-born persons of German ancestry, Dr. Milewski’s topic is of particular interest, especially with regard to differences in the patterns and levels of childbearing among various kinds of immigrants to Germany vs. native-born Germans. Numerous empirical and theoretical studies of childbearing among immigrants to various countries have been published and Dr. Milewski carefully reviews them. While earlier studies have tended to be rather fragmentary, particularly for European populations, Dr. Milewski’s research provides a comp- hensive picture of the recent female fertility of post-war migrants and their desc- dants in West Germany, with an emphasis on migrants who came to Germany to work.