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Corporate Residence and International Taxation by Robert Couzin Pdf
Analysis of the case law test for corporate residence, developed mainly in the United Kingdom beginning in the 19th century, the residence definition adopted in the OECD Model Convention and some of its more common variants, and Canadian domestic statutory provisions.
Residence of Companies Under Tax Treaties and EC Law by Guglielmo Maisto (jurist.) Pdf
Deals with issues and problems raised by residence of companies for tax purposes, including detailed analysis from a national viewpoint in selected European and North American jurisdictions, Australia and South Africa.
Corporate Tax Residence and Mobility by Edoardo Traversa Pdf
The concept of residence lies at the core of corporate income taxation. In domestic tax systems, the essential function of the residence concept is to subject resident corporate taxpayers to full tax liability, usually on a worldwide basis. In tax treaties, residence plays a fundamental role in the allocation of taxing powers between states. Moreover, within the European Union, it gives access to the legal protection granted to companies by internal market rules, whether contained in EU treaties (fundamental freedoms) or in tax directives. Today, however, the globalization and the digitalization of the economy are putting residence under heavy pressure. Within multinational enterprises, the geographical dislocation of the functions performed by people and entities within the multinational group makes it harder to identify a central place of decision or management in cases where this place is not the same as the place where the company was incorporated. Moreover, tax planning strategies involving location or the transfer of residence to low-tax jurisdictions have come under the spotlight of international organizations, such as the OECD and the European Union. Against this background, this book examines the notion of residence from a comparative, EU and international law perspective. It is divided into two parts. Part one comprises a general introductory report, as well as five thematic reports on key present and future issues concerning the tax residence of companies. Part two comprises the national reports of 14 EU Member States and 6 non-EU Member States (Norway, Russia, Serbia, Turkey, Ukraine and the United States). Those reports contain an extensive analysis of the definition and function of corporate tax residence on the basis of a questionnaire (which is included as an appendix in this book). With contributions from renowned academics from Europe and beyond, this book offers an insightful and multifaceted perspective on a fundamental concept of domestic and international taxation.
Residence of Individuals Under Tax Treaties and EC Law by Guglielmo Maisto Pdf
This book deals comprehensively with the problems raised by residence of individuals for tax purposes. It begins with an overview of residence of individuals in private international law, with a particular emphasis on general principles on residence and conflict of law rules. It then examines issues raised by residence of individuals in EC (non-tax) law. Individual country surveys provide in-depth analyses from a national viewpoint. The following countries are discussed: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Spain, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
This book is a comprehensive, up-to-date treatise on income tax law in Canada. The book introduces students and practitioners to income tax law in its broadest dimensions. It addresses the subject matter based on principles, policy, and practice. The objective is to explain what the law is, why it is the way it is, and how it works (or does not).
Tax Treaty Residence of Entities by Jan Gooijer Pdf
It is of great importance to be able to determine who or what is considered ‘resident’ within the meaning of tax treaty provisions. However, the concept of residence has never been fundamentally adjusted to current circumstances in which technological developments make it possible for corporations to explore the wide gap between their actual business operations and the ‘legalistic’ requirements for corporate residence. In this study of the OECD Model Tax Convention – the basis for most tax treaties – the author develops a clear understanding of the content of the residence concept as regards entities and proposes solutions to current problems, finishing with his own thoroughgoing definition. In seeking a definition of the term ‘resident’ that covers all uses in treaties, the analysis draws on, in addition to the current and earlier iterations of the OECD Model Law itself, such elements as the following: domestic law meaning of residence in the tax law of France, Germany, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and the United States; Articles 31 and 32 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties; historical documents that uncover the ordinary meaning of treaty terms; tax treaty case law and court decisions; and fiscal, tax and legal scholarship surrounding the concept of residence for taxation purposes. The analysis includes a comprehensive description of tiebreaker rules, various perspectives on ‘place of effective management’ and policy considerations as to the further development of the treatment of entities under double tax conventions. Given the inordinate importance of the definition of ‘resident’, the differences in interpretation to which the current definition gives rise and the economic developments that call for an evaluation of the provision, this thorough examination of the treaty rules on residence of entities will be welcomed by tax lawyers, corporate counsel and policymakers and academics concerned with tax law. The author’s guidance on the concept of residence for tax purposes and his original proposals for reform will prove of great practical value for tax practitioners.
Advanced Introduction to International Tax Law by Reuven S. Avi-Yonah Pdf
This Second Edition provides an updated and succinct, yet highly informative overview of the key issues surrounding taxation and international law from Reuven Avi-Yonah, a leading authority on international tax. This small but powerful book surveys the nuances of the varying taxation systems, offering expert insight into the scope, reach and nature of international tax regimes, as well as providing an excellent platform for understanding how the principles of jurisdiction apply to tax and the connected tools that are used by countries in imposing taxes. It includes new material on BEPS, the EU Anti Tax Avoidance Package, and the US Tax Cuts and Jobs Act.
International Company Taxation by Ulrich Schreiber Pdf
The book is written for students of business economics and tax law. It focuses on investment and financing decisions in cross-border situations. In particular, the book deals with: Legal structures of international company taxation, International double taxation, Source-based and residence-based income taxation, International investment and profit shifting, International corporate tax planning, International tax planning and European law, Harmonization of corporate taxation in the European Union, International tax planning and tax accounting. International tax law is designed to avoid international double taxation and to combat international tax avoidance. Nevertheless, companies investing in foreign countries may suffer from international double taxation of profits. On the other hand, these companies may also be able to exploit an international tax rate differential by means of cross-border tax planning. Ulrich Schreiber holds the chair of Business Administration and Business Taxation at the University of Mannheim. He serves as co-editor of Schmalenbachs Zeitschrift für betriebswirtschaftliche Forschung (zfbf) and Schmalenbach Business Review (sbr) and is affiliated with the Centre for European Economic Research (ZEW) as a research associate. Ulrich Schreiber is a member of the Academic Advisory Board of the Federal Ministry of Finance.
International and EC Tax Aspects of Groups and Companies by Guglielmo Maisto (jurist.) Pdf
Comprising the proceedings and working documents of an annual seminar held in Milan in November 2007, this book analyses the tax issues for groups of companies operating in a European or worldwide dimension. The book examines the issues raised by both tax treaty and European law by focusing on selected topics. It first provides an analysis of the group concept under company and commercial law followed by an overview of taxation of groups in common and civil law countries. The tax regime of groups of companies under European law is further considered, both for income tax and VAT. The issues raised by application of tax treaties to groups of companies is then considered, with a particular emphasis on treaty recognition of groups, application of tax treaties to companies included in national group consolidation regimes, and application of the treaty articles on business income and non-discrimination. Individual country surveys provide an in-depth analysis of the above issues from a national viewpoint in selected European and North American jurisdictions.
International Tax Cooperation by Luzius U. Cavelti Pdf
Why is international cooperation on taxation so difficult to achieve? The problems in international taxation arise from a sovereignty conflict between the country in which the income originates (source country) and the country in which the recipient of the income resides (residence country). This book explores the equally valid sovereign tax claims of source and of residence countries and highlights the incompatibility of these concurrent tax claims. The resulting incoherence between source and residence countries distorts taxation of cross-border income to a point where it not only creates discriminations but challenges the fundamental principles of international taxation in itself. This is an essential dilemma of international tax policy. And yet, given the profound role the power to tax plays in exercising sovereignty, are governments able, or even willing, to eliminate this essential dilemma?
International Commercial Tax by Peter Harris,David Oliver Pdf
Inspired by a postgraduate course the authors have jointly taught at the University of Cambridge since 2001, Peter Harris and David Oliver use their divergent backgrounds (academia and tax practice) to build a conceptual framework that not only makes the tax treatment of complex commercial transactions understandable and accessible, but also challenges the current orthodoxy of international tax norms. Designed specifically for postgraduate students and junior practitioners, it challenges the reader to think about tax issues conceptually and holistically, while illustrating the structure with practical examples. Senior tax practitioners and academics will also find it useful as a means of refreshing their understanding of the basics and the conceptual framework will challenge them to think more deeply about tax issues.
Jurisdiction to Tax Corporate Income Pursuant to the Presumptive Benefit Principle by Eva Escribano Pdf
Jurisdiction to Tax Corporate Income Pursuant to the Presumptive Benefit Principle intends to demonstrate that the profit shifting phenomenon (i.e., the ability of companies to book their profits in jurisdictions other than those that host their economic activities) is real, severe, undesirable, and above all, the natural consequence of both the preservation of three fundamental paradigms that have historically underlain corporate income taxes and their precise legal configuration. In view of this, the book submits a number of proposals in relation to the aforementioned paradigms and in the light of the suggested “presumptive benefit principle” so as to counteract profit shifting risks and thus attain a more equitable allocation of taxing rights among States. This PhD thesis obtained the prestigious European Academic Tax Thesis Award 2018 granted by the European Commission and the European Association of Tax Law Professors. What’s in this book: This book provides a disruptive discourse on tax sovereignty in the field of corporate income taxation that endeavors to escape from long-standing tax policy tendencies and prejudices while considering the challenges posed by a globalized (and increasingly digitalized) economy. In particular, the book offers an innovative perspective on certain deep-rooted paradigms historically underlying corporate income taxation: tax treatment of related parties within a corporate group along with the arm’s-length standard; corporate tax residence standards; and definition of source for corporate income tax purposes, with a particular emphasis on the permanent establishment concept. The book explores their respective origins, supposed tax policy rationales, structural problems and interactions; ultimately showing how the way tax jurisdiction is currently defined through them inherently tends to trigger profit shifting outcomes. In view of the conclusions of the study, the author suggests the use of a new version of the traditional benefit principle (the “presumptive benefit principle”) that would contribute to address the profit shifting phenomenon while serving as a practical guideline to achieve a more equitable allocation of taxing rights among jurisdictions. Finally, the book submits a number of proposals inspired by the aforementioned guideline that aspire to strike a balance between equity, effectiveness and technical feasibility. They include a new corporate tax residence test and, most notably, a proposal on a new remote-sales permanent establishment. How this will help you: With its case study (based on the Apple group) empirically demonstrating the existence of the profit shifting phenomenon, its clearly documented exposure of the reasons why traditional corporate income tax regimes systematically give rise to these outcomes, its new tax policy guideline and its proposals for reform, this book makes a significant contribution to current tax policy discussions concerning corporate income taxation in cross-border scenarios. It will be warmly welcomed by all concerned—policymakers, scholars, practitioners—with the greatest tax policy challenges that corporate income taxation is facing in the contemporary world.
The International Tax Law Concept of Dividend by Marjaana Helminen Pdf
The distribution of profits between corporations resident in different jurisdictions gives rise to both significant tax planning opportunities and tax risks. As cross-border transactions between corporations grow in number and complexity, the question of how a profit distribution is classified for corporate income tax purposes becomes increasingly important, particularly in the context of issues such as double taxation, non-taxation and tax neutrality. The OECD BEPS project has only increased the relevance. This unique work discusses the international tax law rules determining which transactions may be classified and taxed as dividends and how possible classification conflicts may be resolved. The author examines the tax classification of various inter-corporate transactions, including: – Payments made under dividend-stripping arrangements. – Fictitious profit distributions. – Economic benefits in the context of transfer pricing. – Returns on debt-equity hybrids. – Interest payments in thin capitalization situations and distributions following liquidation. The analysis of each transaction refers to international tax law. Most weight is given to tax treaties and EU tax law, including the BEPS development. The approaches adopted in different states’ national tax law are covered by a more general analysis. The comprehensive coverage and the practical nature of The International Tax Law Concept of Dividend make it an essential acquisition for tax practitioners, researchers and tax libraries worldwide.
Author : Brian J. Arnold Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V. Page : 234 pages File Size : 55,8 Mb Release : 2019-01-14 Category : Law ISBN : 9789403501727
Tax practitioners, multinational companies and national tax authorities have relied on this indispensable resource since its first edition nearly two decades ago. The Primer provides the reader with an introductory analysis of the major issues that a country must confront in designing its international tax rules and coordinating those rules with the tax systems of its trading partners, with numerous examples drawn from the practices of both developed and developing countries. This fourth edition follows the format and sequence of earlier editions but adds details on ongoing developments surrounding the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development's (OECD) base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS) project, updates to the OECD and UN Model Conventions, the 2017 US tax reform, the EU anti-tax avoidance directive, and continuing issues concerning the digital economy. The book strikes a balance between the specific and the general by illustrating the fundamental principles and structure of international tax with frequent reference to actual practice in a variety of countries. Coverage includes the following: • role of the tax adviser in planning international transactions; • taxation of residents on foreign income and of nonresidents on domestic income; • mechanisms used to mitigate the risks to taxpayers of international double taxation; • transfer pricing rules to prevent the avoidance of tax by multinational corporations; • anti-avoidance measures dealing with tax havens, treaty shopping, and other offensive tax planning activities; • overview and analysis of the provisions of bilateral tax treaties and the OECD and UN Model Treaties on which they are generally based; and • challenges posed by taxation of income derived from the digital economy. An extensive glossary of international tax terms is included. With examples of typical international tax planning techniques and descriptions of the work of the major international organizations that play an important role with respect to international tax, the Primer remains the preeminent first recourse for professionals in the field. Although of greatest value to students, tax practitioners and government officials confronting international tax for the first time, this book is sure to continue in use by tax professionals at every level of experience and on a worldwide basis.
