Cortical Development

Author : Ryoichiro Kageyama,Tetsuo Yamamori
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 283 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2013-09-30
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9784431544968

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Cortical Development by Ryoichiro Kageyama,Tetsuo Yamamori Pdf

This book reviews recent progress in cortical development research, focusing on the mechanisms of neural stem cell regulation, neuronal diversity and connectivity formation, and neocortical organization. Development of the cerebral cortex, the center for higher brain functions such as cognition, memory, and decision making, is one of the major targets of current research. The cerebral cortex is divided into many areas, including motor, sensory, and visual cortices, each of which consists of six layers containing a variety of neurons with different activities and connections. As this book explains, such diversity in neuronal types and connections is generated at various levels. First, neural stem cells change their competency over time, giving sequential rise to distinct types of neurons and glial cells: initially deep layer neurons, then superficial layer neurons, and lastly astrocytes. The activities and connections of neurons are further modulated via interactions with other brain regions, such as the thalamocortical circuit, and via input from the environment. This book on cortical development is essential reading for students, postdocs, and neurobiologists.

Author : National Academy of Sciences,Institute of Medicine,Sandra Ackerman
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 195 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 1992-01-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309045292

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Discovering the Brain by National Academy of Sciences,Institute of Medicine,Sandra Ackerman Pdf

The brain ... There is no other part of the human anatomy that is so intriguing. How does it develop and function and why does it sometimes, tragically, degenerate? The answers are complex. In Discovering the Brain, science writer Sandra Ackerman cuts through the complexity to bring this vital topic to the public. The 1990s were declared the "Decade of the Brain" by former President Bush, and the neuroscience community responded with a host of new investigations and conferences. Discovering the Brain is based on the Institute of Medicine conference, Decade of the Brain: Frontiers in Neuroscience and Brain Research. Discovering the Brain is a "field guide" to the brainâ€"an easy-to-read discussion of the brain's physical structure and where functions such as language and music appreciation lie. Ackerman examines: How electrical and chemical signals are conveyed in the brain. The mechanisms by which we see, hear, think, and pay attentionâ€"and how a "gut feeling" actually originates in the brain. Learning and memory retention, including parallels to computer memory and what they might tell us about our own mental capacity. Development of the brain throughout the life span, with a look at the aging brain. Ackerman provides an enlightening chapter on the connection between the brain's physical condition and various mental disorders and notes what progress can realistically be made toward the prevention and treatment of stroke and other ailments. Finally, she explores the potential for major advances during the "Decade of the Brain," with a look at medical imaging techniquesâ€"what various technologies can and cannot tell usâ€"and how the public and private sectors can contribute to continued advances in neuroscience. This highly readable volume will provide the public and policymakersâ€"and many scientists as wellâ€"with a helpful guide to understanding the many discoveries that are sure to be announced throughout the "Decade of the Brain."

Author : Gregory R. Bock,Gail Cardew
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 246 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2008-04-30
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780470514818

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Development of the Cerebral Cortex by Gregory R. Bock,Gail Cardew Pdf

This book details the rapidly advancing research on the development of the cerebral cortex. Topics covered include: new physiological data showing patterns in developing cortical organization; abnormalities of cortical development associated with psychiatric disorders; and research on cell identity and regionalization of the cortex.

Author : Gregory R. Bock,Jamie A. Goode
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 302 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2008-02-28
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780470994023

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Cortical Development by Gregory R. Bock,Jamie A. Goode Pdf

To understand the brain and its devastating diseases, we need to reveal the mechanisms that produce it and the ways in which it can constantly change throughout a lifetime. This book features a timely and insightful discussion between developmental neurobiologists and clinicians who deal with disorders of the nervous system. Chapters in this book deal specifically with cell fate determination, cell migration and disorders of cell migration; current concepts and new ideas about cortical arealisation, and disorders which can arise from incorrect arealisation; genes implicated in the development of cortical connectivity and related pathologies such as schizophrenia and synaesthesia; and susceptibility genes for cognitive disorders such as schizophrenia, autism, dyslexia, and attention deficit disorder.

Author : Albert M. Galaburda
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 200 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783642608612

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Normal and Abnormal Development of the Cortex by Albert M. Galaburda Pdf

This book, the seventh in the series 'Research and Perspectives in Neuroscience', contains the procedings of a meeting that was held in Paris on October14, 1996. The conference consisted of invited papers and poster presentations. The invited papers, included in this volume, were on cell proliferation prior to neuronal migration, on cellular and molecular factors characteristic of neuronal migration, and on postmigrational neuronal and axonal plasticity. There was a section devoted to disorders of neuronal migration and plasticity and the genetics of some developmental disorders. Great strides have been made in this relatively young branch of modern neuroscience.

Author : National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Board on Children, Youth, and Families,Committee on Integrating the Science of Early Childhood Development
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 610 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2000-11-13
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780309069885

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From Neurons to Neighborhoods by National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Board on Children, Youth, and Families,Committee on Integrating the Science of Early Childhood Development Pdf

How we raise young children is one of today's most highly personalized and sharply politicized issues, in part because each of us can claim some level of "expertise." The debate has intensified as discoveries about our development-in the womb and in the first months and years-have reached the popular media. How can we use our burgeoning knowledge to assure the well-being of all young children, for their own sake as well as for the sake of our nation? Drawing from new findings, this book presents important conclusions about nature-versus-nurture, the impact of being born into a working family, the effect of politics on programs for children, the costs and benefits of intervention, and other issues. The committee issues a series of challenges to decision makers regarding the quality of child care, issues of racial and ethnic diversity, the integration of children's cognitive and emotional development, and more. Authoritative yet accessible, From Neurons to Neighborhoods presents the evidence about "brain wiring" and how kids learn to speak, think, and regulate their behavior. It examines the effect of the climate-family, child care, community-within which the child grows.

Author : Christine F. Hohmann
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 181 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783540460060

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Cortical Development by Christine F. Hohmann Pdf

The cerebral neo cortex, unique to mammals, is regarded as the prerequisite for higher cognitive function and is the structure most closely associated with the idea of the "mind" . Expansion of mental capa city between mammals is most typically associated with an evolutionary increase in neocortical volume that culminates in the intricately folded configuration of sulci and gyri so charac teristic of the primate cerebral cortex. Yet, the basic unit structure and funda mental connectivity of cortex appears to have been preserved from the smooth cortex of the mouse or rat to the highly convoluted cortical mantle of the human that, if stretched out as a sheet, would be large enough to wrap the entire human brain multiple times. The basic similarity in structure and func tion has made it possible to conduct studies in the relatively simple cortices of rat or mouse and have the results pertain to the understanding of the primate, including human, cortex. The neo cortex is an intriguing structure for the study of cell differentiation. Its dozens of neuronal cell types and small handful of different glial types have their origin in a pseudostratified germinal epithelium lining the ventricular surface of the forebrain. In its mature form, neocortex is a six-Iayered struc ture; five of its layers contain multiple different but characteristic neuronal types with the sixth occupied by neuronal processes. Various glial cells are dis persed throughout all six layers.

Author : Gundela Meyer
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 123 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2007-02-03
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783540366898

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Genetic Control of Neuronal Migrations in Human Cortical Development by Gundela Meyer Pdf

The early steps in corticogenesis are decisive for the correct unfolding of neurogenesis, neuronal migration and differentiation under tight genetic control. In this monograph, the author outlines the main events in human preplate formation according to their timetable of appearance and the expression of developmentally relevant gene products. Also examined are the gradual transformation of the preplate into the cortical plate, and the establishment of the transient compartments of the foetal cortical wall.

Author : Oliva Novak
Publisher : American Medical Publishers
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2023-09-19
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9798887400235

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Cortical Development: Neurogenesis and Neurological Disorders by Oliva Novak Pdf

Cortical development is generally referred to as the process through which cerebral cortex is formed in mammals. The development of the cerebral cortex is crucial and necessitates complicated sequential processes which must be precisely orchestrated. The specific connectivity, identity and laminar positioning of each single cortical neuron are determined by the timing and localization of neuronal progenitor proliferation and neuronal migration. Variations in any of these organized series of events, whether caused by environmental factors or genetic mutations, leads to defined brain pathologies commonly referred as malformations of cortical development (MCDs). They are known as the major cause of intellectual disability and drug-resistant epilepsy. In these varied group of disorders, macroscopic variations in the brain structure can be identified and possibly subtend a general restructuring of neuronal circuits. This book is compiled in such a manner, that it will provide in-depth knowledge about the neurogenesis and neurological disorders with respect to cortical development. Researchers and students in this field will be assisted by it.

Author : Takeshi Kawauchi,Margareta Nikolić,Yoko Arai
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 270 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2016-09-21
Category : Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry
ISBN : 9782889199624

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In vivo Cell Biology of Cerebral Cortical Development and Its Related Neurological Disorders: Cellular Insights into Neurogenesis and Neuronal Migration by Takeshi Kawauchi,Margareta Nikolić,Yoko Arai Pdf

The brain consists of a complex but precisely organized neural network, which provides the structural basis of higher order functions. Such a complex structure originates from a simple pseudostratified neuroepithelium. During the developing mammalian cerebral cortex, a cohort of neural progenitors, located near the ventricle, differentiates into neurons and exhibits multi-step modes of migration toward the pial surface. Tight regulation of neurogenesis and neuronal migration is essential for the determination of the neuron number in adult brains and the proper positioning of excitatory and inhibitory neurons in a specific layer, respectively. In addition, defects in neurogenesis and neuronal migration can cause several neurological disorders, such as microcephaly, periventricular heterotopia and lissencephaly. Recent advances in genetic approaches to study the developing cerebral cortex, as well as the use of a number of novel techniques, particularly in vivo electroporation and time-lapse analyses using explant slice cultures, have significantly increased our understanding of cortical development. These novel techniques have allowed for cell biological analyses of cerebral cortical development in vivo or ex vivo, showing that many cellular events, including endocytosis, cell adhesion, microtubule and actin cytoskeletal regulation, neurotransmitter release, stress response, the consequence of cellular crowding (physical force), dynamics of transcription factors, midbody release and polarity transition are required for neurogenesis and/or neuronal migration. The aim of this research topic is to highlight molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying cerebral cortical development and its related neurological disorders from the cell biological point of views, such as cell division, cell-cycle regulation, cytoskeletal organization, cell adhesion and membrane trafficking. The topic has been organized into three chapters: 1) neurogenesis and cell fate determination, 2) neuronal migration and 3) cortical development-related neurological disorders. We hope that the results and discussions contributed by all authors in this research topic will be broadly useful for further advances in basic research, as well as improvements in the etiology and care of patients suffering from neurological and psychiatric disorders.

Author : Alan Peters,Edward G. Jones
Publisher : Springer
Page : 544 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 1988-08-31
Category : Medical
ISBN : UOM:39015026958515

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Cerebral Cortex by Alan Peters,Edward G. Jones Pdf

The previous volumes in this series have dealt with the mature cerebral cortex. In those volumes many of the structurally and physiologically distinct areas of the cerebral cortex, their connections, the various types of neurons and neuroglial cells they contain, and the functions of those cells have been considered. In the present volume the contributions focus on the development of the neocortex and hippocampus. Chapters in this volume describe how the neurons migrate in the cortex to attain their ultimate positions, and emphasize the role played by the preexisting pallium or primordial plexiform layer of the cerebral vesicle in the development of the cerebral cortex. The primordial plexiform layer becomes split by the invasion of neurons that will form the cortical plate, and mutants in which the neuronal migration is abnormal provide valuable information about the role of the radial glial cells in this migration. It is also made clear that although the mechanics of development in the hippocampus are similar to those in the neocortex, the development of the hippocampus involves some unique features. For example, neuronal proliferation in the dentate gyrus continues well into postnatal life.

Author : Koh-ichi Nagata
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 355 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2024-06-30
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9781071638101

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Cerebral Cortex Development by Koh-ichi Nagata Pdf

Author : Wolf Singer,Terrence J. Sejnowski,Pasko Rakic
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 449 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2019-10-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780262043243

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The Neocortex by Wolf Singer,Terrence J. Sejnowski,Pasko Rakic Pdf

Experts review the latest research on the neocortex and consider potential directions for future research. Over the past decade, technological advances have dramatically increased information on the structural and functional organization of the brain, especially the cerebral cortex. This explosion of data has radically expanded our ability to characterize neural circuits and intervene at increasingly higher resolutions, but it is unclear how this has informed our understanding of underlying mechanisms and processes. In search of a conceptual framework to guide future research, leading researchers address in this volume the evolution and ontogenetic development of cortical structures, the cortical connectome, and functional properties of neuronal circuits and populations. They explore what constitutes “uniquely human” mental capacities and whether neural solutions and computations can be shared across species or repurposed for potentially uniquely human capacities. Contributors Danielle S. Bassett, Randy M. Bruno, Elizabeth A. Buffalo, Michael E. Coulter, Hermann Cuntz, Stanislas Dehaene, James J. DiCarlo, Pascal Fries, Karl J. Friston, Asif A. Ghazanfar, Anne-Lise Giraud, Joshua I. Gold, Scott T. Grafton, Jennifer M. Groh, Elizabeth A. Grove, Saskia Haegens, Kenneth D. Harris, Kristen M. Harris, Nicholas G. Hatsopoulos, Tarik F. Haydar, Takao K. Hensch, Wieland B. Huttner, Matthias Kaschube, Gilles Laurent, David A. Leopold, Johannes Leugering, Belen Lorente-Galdos, Jason N. MacLean, David A. McCormick, Lucia Melloni, Anish Mitra, Zoltán Molnár, Sydney K. Muchnik, Pascal Nieters, Marcel Oberlaender, Bijan Pesaran, Christopher I. Petkov, Gordon Pipa, David Poeppel, Marcus E. Raichle, Pasko Rakic, John H. Reynolds, Ryan V. Raut, John L. Rubenstein, Andrew B. Schwartz, Terrence J. Sejnowski, Nenad Sestan, Debra L. Silver, Wolf Singer, Peter L. Strick, Michael P. Stryker, Mriganka Sur, Mary Elizabeth Sutherland, Maria Antonietta Tosches, William A. Tyler, Martin Vinck, Christopher A. Walsh, Perry Zurn

Author : Shirley Ann Bayer,Joseph Altman
Publisher : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 1991
Category : Medical
ISBN : UOM:39015021830032

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Neocortical Development by Shirley Ann Bayer,Joseph Altman Pdf

Author : Robbin Gibb,Bryan Kolb
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 496 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2017-11-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780128040843

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The Neurobiology of Brain and Behavioral Development by Robbin Gibb,Bryan Kolb Pdf

The Neurobiology of Brain and Behavioral Development provides an overview of the process of brain development, including recent discoveries on how the brain develops. This book collates and integrates these findings, weaving the latest information with core information on the neurobiology of brain development. It focuses on cortical development, but also features discussions on how the other parts of the brain wire into the developing cerebral cortex. A systems approach is used to describe the anatomical underpinnings of behavioral development, connecting anatomical and molecular features of brain development with behavioral development. The disruptors of typical brain development are discussed in appropriate sections, as is the science of epigenetics that presents a novel and instructive approach on how experiences, both individual and intergenerational, can alter features of brain development. What distinguishes this book from others in the field is its focus on both molecular mechanisms and behavioral outcomes. This body of knowledge contributes to our understanding of the fundamentals of brain plasticity and metaplasticity, both of which are also showcased in this book. Provides an up-to-date overview of the process of brain development that is suitable for use as a university textbook at an early graduate or senior undergraduate level Breadth from molecular level (Chapters 5-7) to the behavioral/cognitive level (Chapters 8-12), beginning with Chapters 1-4 providing a historical context of the ideas Integrates the neurobiology of brain development and behavior, promoting the idea that animal models inform human development Presents an emphasis on the role of epigenetics and brain plasticity in brain development and behavior