Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 232 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 1961
Category : Astrophysics
ISBN : UCAL:B3552314
Scientific Ballooning
Anonim
Cospar Space Research
Cospar Space Research Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle version is available to download in english. Read online anytime anywhere directly from your device. Click on the download button below to get a free pdf file of Cospar Space Research book. This book definitely worth reading, it is an incredibly well-written.
Review and Assessment of Planetary Protection Policy Development Processes
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Space Studies Board,Committee on the Review of Planetary Protection Policy Development Processes
Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Space Studies Board,Committee on the Review of Planetary Protection Policy Development Processes
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 139 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2018-10-17
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309478656
Review and Assessment of Planetary Protection Policy Development Processes by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Space Studies Board,Committee on the Review of Planetary Protection Policy Development Processes Pdf
Protecting Earth's environment and other solar system bodies from harmful contamination has been an important principle throughout the history of space exploration. For decades, the scientific, political, and economic conditions of space exploration converged in ways that contributed to effective development and implementation of planetary protection policies at national and international levels. However, the future of space exploration faces serious challenges to the development and implementation of planetary protection policy. The most disruptive changes are associated with (1) sample return from, and human missions to, Mars; and (2) missions to those bodies in the outer solar system possessing water oceans beneath their icy surfaces. Review and Assessment of Planetary Protection Policy Development Processes addresses the implications of changes in the complexion of solar system exploration as they apply to the process of developing planetary protection policy. Specifically, this report examines the history of planetary protection policy, assesses the current policy development process, and recommends actions to improve the policy development process in the future.
Report Series: Committee on Planetary Protection
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Life Sciences,Space Studies Board,Committee on Planetary Protection
Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Life Sciences,Space Studies Board,Committee on Planetary Protection
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 63 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2020-12-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309162005
Report Series: Committee on Planetary Protection by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Life Sciences,Space Studies Board,Committee on Planetary Protection Pdf
Under U.S. policy and international treaty, the goals of planetary protection are to avoid both adverse changes in Earth’s environment caused by introducing extraterrestrial matter and harmful contamination of solar system bodies in order to protect their biological integrity for scientific study. The United States has long cooperated with other countries and relevant scientific communities through the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR) of the International Council for Science in developing planetary protection guidance for different categories of space missions. In the past, achieving planetary protection objectives through science-based, international-consensus guidelines proved relatively straightforward because a small number of spacefaring nations explored the solar system, predominantly through government-led and scientifically focused robotic missions. However, interest in, and the capabilities to undertake, exploration and uses of outer space are evolving and expanding. More countries are engaging in space activities. Private-sector involvement is increasing. Planning is under way for human as well as robotic missions. As recent advisory reports have highlighted, the changes in the nature of space activities create unprecedented challenges for planetary protection. This publication responds to NASA’s request for “a short report on the impact of human activities on lunar polar volatiles (e.g., water, carbon dioxide, and methane) and the scientific value of protecting the surface and subsurface regions of the Earth’s Moon from organic and biological contamination.†It provides an overview of the current scientific understanding, value, and potential threat of organic and biological contamination of permanently shadowed regions (PSRs), lunar research relevant to understanding prebiotic evolution and the origin of life, and the likelihood that spacecraft landing on the lunar surface will transfer volatiles to polar cold traps. It also assesses how much and which regions of the Moon’s surface and subsurface warrant protection from organic and biological contamination because of their scientific value.
Microsatellites as Research Tools
F.-B. Hsiao
Author : F.-B. Hsiao
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 399 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 1999-03-12
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780080536521
Microsatellites as Research Tools by F.-B. Hsiao Pdf
In order to reflect the increasing importance and interest of the microsatellites in high technology and scientific applications in space, the Colloquium on Microsatellites as Research Tools was organized to promote its usage and technology development and to foster the international cooperation, especially in the area of the Asia pacific region. Attended by 150 participants from 18 countries the colloquium was organized into five major themes: regional development, lessons learned, innovations, scientific applications, and education. A special session was organized as well by the organizing committee and supported by the National Space Program Office to present its development of the Taiwan's satellite program and the current status of ROCSAT-1 which is scheduled to be launched at the beginning of 1999. Two main conclusions were drawn from the material presented: microsatellite in general is a very good means for doing space research and technology development, and a suitable vehicle to promote international collaborations.
Planetary Protection Classification of Sample Return Missions from the Martian Moons
European Science Foundation,European Space Sciences Committee,National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Space Studies Board,Committee on Planetary Protection Requirements for Sample Return Missions from Martian Moons
Author : European Science Foundation,European Space Sciences Committee,National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Space Studies Board,Committee on Planetary Protection Requirements for Sample Return Missions from Martian Moons
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 75 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2019-06-20
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309488624
Planetary Protection Classification of Sample Return Missions from the Martian Moons by European Science Foundation,European Space Sciences Committee,National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Space Studies Board,Committee on Planetary Protection Requirements for Sample Return Missions from Martian Moons Pdf
An international consensus policy to prevent the biological cross-contamination of planetary bodies exists and is maintained by the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR) of the International Council for Science, which is consultative to the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space. Currently, COSPAR's planetary protection policy does not specify the status of sample-return missions from Phobos or Deimos, the moons of Mars. Although the moons themselves are not considered potential habitats for life or of intrinsic relevance to prebiotic chemical evolution, recent studies indicate that a significant amount of material recently ejected from Mars could be present on the surface of Phobos and, to a lesser extent, Deimos. This report reviews recent theoretical, experimental, and modeling research on the environments and physical conditions encountered by Mars ejecta during certain processes. It recommends whether missions returning samples from Phobos and/or Deimos should be classified as "restricted" or "unrestricted" Earth return in the framework of the planetary protection policy maintained by COSPAR. This report also considers the specific ways the classification of sample return from Deimos is a different case than sample return from Phobos.
The Goals, Rationales, and Definition of Planetary Protection
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Space Studies Board,Committee to Review the Planetary Protection Policy Development Processes
Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Space Studies Board,Committee to Review the Planetary Protection Policy Development Processes
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 35 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2017-09-19
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309461627
The Goals, Rationales, and Definition of Planetary Protection by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Space Studies Board,Committee to Review the Planetary Protection Policy Development Processes Pdf
Solar system exploration is in an extraordinary state of expansion. Scientific capabilities to search for evidence of extant or relic life outside Earthâ€"among the principal goals of solar system explorationâ€"are advancing rapidly. In this time of rapid transition in exploring solar system bodies, the importance of reexamining planetary protection policies, including the need for clarity in how NASA establishes such policies, has become more urgent. Overall, this study seeks to review the current state of planetary protection policy development, assess the responsiveness of the policy development process to contemporary and anticipated needs, and recommend actions that might assure the effectiveness of NASA's future coordination and execution of planetary protection. This interim report focuses on the goals of and rationales for planetary protection policies and suggests a working definition of planetary protection consistent with those goals. It does not address future commercial planetary missions, human missions to planetary bodies, or roles and responsibilities for implementing policies, but these issues will be addressed in the final report.
Preventing the Forward Contamination of Mars
National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Space Studies Board,Committee on Preventing the Forward Contamination of Mars
Author : National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Space Studies Board,Committee on Preventing the Forward Contamination of Mars
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 166 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2006-04-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309097246
Preventing the Forward Contamination of Mars by National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Space Studies Board,Committee on Preventing the Forward Contamination of Mars Pdf
Recent spacecraft and robotic probes to Mars have yielded data that are changing our understanding significantly about the possibility of existing or past life on that planet. Coupled with advances in biology and life-detection techniques, these developments place increasing importance on the need to protect Mars from contamination by Earth-borne organisms. To help with this effort, NASA requested that the NRC examine existing planetary protection measures for Mars and recommend changes and further research to improve such measures. This report discusses policies, requirements, and techniques to protect Mars from organisms originating on Earth that could interfere with scientific investigations. It provides recommendations on cleanliness and biological burden levels of Mars-bound spacecraft, methods to reach those levels, and research to reduce uncertainties in preventing forward contamination of Mars.
Space and Development
Yash Pal
Author : Yash Pal
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 108 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2013-10-22
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781483157832
Space and Development by Yash Pal Pdf
Space and Development contains the proceedings of the Vikram Sarabhai Symposium on Space and Development, held at Bangalore, India from May 29 to June 9, 1979. The book provides the papers presented in the symposium, examining the relevance of space technology to the problems being faced by developing countries in the world. The collection of papers, written and prepared by socially committed space scientists, attempts to foster enlightenment on the issue of whether space technology is significant to the solution of the problems besetting mankind, specifically the developing nations. Discussions on topics regarding the applicability and benefit of space science to countries at all stages of development; the role of science and technology in accelerating social and economic progress; and geologic and educational applications of space technologies are presented. The book also includes a transcript of a panel discussion by the participants of the symposium. Space scientists, astronomers, geologists, physicists, economists, sociologists, and people interested to understand the ramifications of space technology on our lives will find this book invaluable.
History of British Space Science
Sir Harrie Stewart Wilson Massey,M. O. Robins
Author : Sir Harrie Stewart Wilson Massey,M. O. Robins
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 542 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 1986-02-27
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780521307833
History of British Space Science by Sir Harrie Stewart Wilson Massey,M. O. Robins Pdf
This book documents how space science was started and encouraged to grow both nationally and internationally.
Achieving Science with CubeSats
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Space Studies Board,Committee on Achieving Science Goals with CubeSats
Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Space Studies Board,Committee on Achieving Science Goals with CubeSats
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 131 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2016-11-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309442633
Achieving Science with CubeSats by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Space Studies Board,Committee on Achieving Science Goals with CubeSats Pdf
Space-based observations have transformed our understanding of Earth, its environment, the solar system and the universe at large. During past decades, driven by increasingly advanced science questions, space observatories have become more sophisticated and more complex, with costs often growing to billions of dollars. Although these kinds of ever-more-sophisticated missions will continue into the future, small satellites, ranging in mass between 500 kg to 0.1 kg, are gaining momentum as an additional means to address targeted science questions in a rapid, and possibly more affordable, manner. Within the category of small satellites, CubeSats have emerged as a space-platform defined in terms of (10 cm x 10 cm x 10 cm)- sized cubic units of approximately 1.3 kg each called "U's." Historically, CubeSats were developed as training projects to expose students to the challenges of real-world engineering practices and system design. Yet, their use has rapidly spread within academia, industry, and government agencies both nationally and internationally. In particular, CubeSats have caught the attention of parts of the U.S. space science community, which sees this platform, despite its inherent constraints, as a way to affordably access space and perform unique measurements of scientific value. The first science results from such CubeSats have only recently become available; however, questions remain regarding the scientific potential and technological promise of CubeSats in the future. Achieving Science with CubeSats reviews the current state of the scientific potential and technological promise of CubeSats. This report focuses on the platform's promise to obtain high- priority science data, as defined in recent decadal surveys in astronomy and astrophysics, Earth science and applications from space, planetary science, and solar and space physics (heliophysics); the science priorities identified in the 2014 NASA Science Plan; and the potential for CubeSats to advance biology and microgravity research. It provides a list of sample science goals for CubeSats, many of which address targeted science, often in coordination with other spacecraft, or use "sacrificial," or high-risk, orbits that lead to the demise of the satellite after critical data have been collected. Other goals relate to the use of CubeSats as constellations or swarms deploying tens to hundreds of CubeSats that function as one distributed array of measurements.
Review of the MEPAG Report on Mars Special Regions
European Science Foundation,European Space Sciences Committee,National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Space Studies Board,Committee to Review the MEPAG Report on Mars Special Regions
Author : European Science Foundation,European Space Sciences Committee,National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Space Studies Board,Committee to Review the MEPAG Report on Mars Special Regions
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 81 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2016-01-15
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309379045
Review of the MEPAG Report on Mars Special Regions by European Science Foundation,European Space Sciences Committee,National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Space Studies Board,Committee to Review the MEPAG Report on Mars Special Regions Pdf
Planetary protection is a guiding principle in the design of an interplanetary mission, aiming to prevent biological contamination of both the target celestial body and the Earth. The protection of high-priority science goals, the search for life and the understanding of the Martian organic environment may be compromised if Earth microbes carried by spacecraft are grown and spread on Mars. This has led to the definition of Special Regions on Mars where strict planetary protection measures have to be applied before a spacecraft can enter these areas. At NASA's request, the community-based Mars Exploration Program Analysis Group (MEPAG) established the Special Regions Science Analysis Group (SR-SAG2) in October 2013 to examine the quantitative definition of a Special Region and proposed modifications to it, as necessary, based upon the latest scientific results. Review of the MEPAG Report on Mars Special Regions reviews the conclusions and recommendations contained in MEPAG's SR-SAG2 report and assesses their consistency with current understanding of both the Martian environment and the physical and chemical limits for the survival and propagation of microbial and other life on Earth. This report provides recommendations for an update of the planetary protection requirements for Mars Special Regions.
Oceanography from Space
Vittorio Barale,J.F.R. Gower,L. Alberotanza
Author : Vittorio Barale,J.F.R. Gower,L. Alberotanza
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 378 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2010-04-26
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789048186815
Oceanography from Space by Vittorio Barale,J.F.R. Gower,L. Alberotanza Pdf
To all those sailors / Who dreamed before us / Of another way to sail the oceans. The dedication of this Volume is meant to recall, and honour, the bold pioneers of ocean exploration, ancient as well as modern. As a marine scientist, dealing with the oceans through the complex tools, ?lters and mechanisms of contemporary research, I have always wondered what it was like, in centuries past, to look at that vast ho- zon with the naked eye, not knowing what was ahead, and yet to sail on. I have tried to imagine what ancient sailors felt, when “the unknown swirls around and engulfs the mind”, as a forgotten author simply described the brave, perhaps reckless, act of facing such a hostile, menacing and yet fascinating adventure. Innovation has always been the key element, I think, for their success: another way, a better way, a more effective, safer and worthier way was the proper answer to the challenge. The map of our world has been changed time and again, from the geographical as well as the social, economic and scienti?c points of view, by the new discoveries of those sailors. One of the positive qualities of human beings is without doubt the inborn desire to expand their horizons, to see what lies beyond, to learn and understand.
Space Physics
C. T. Russell,J. G. Luhmann,R. J. Strangeway
Author : C. T. Russell,J. G. Luhmann,R. J. Strangeway
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 499 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2016-07-07
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781107098824
Space Physics by C. T. Russell,J. G. Luhmann,R. J. Strangeway Pdf
This textbook provides advanced undergraduates and graduates with up-to-date coverage of space physics from the Sun to the interstellar medium. Clear explanations of physical processes are presented alongside major new discoveries gained from space missions. End-of-chapter problems and specially developed computer-based exercises allow students to put the theory into practice.
Solar-terrestrial Magnetic Activity and Space Environment
H. Wang,Ronglan L. Xu
Author : H. Wang,Ronglan L. Xu
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 492 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2002-11-20
Category : Science
ISBN : 0080441106
Solar-terrestrial Magnetic Activity and Space Environment by H. Wang,Ronglan L. Xu Pdf
The COSPAR Colloquium on Solar-Terrestrial Magnetic Activity and Space Environment (STMASE) was held in the National Astronomy Observatories of Chinese Academy of Sciences (NAOC) in Beijing, China in September 10-12, 2001. The meeting was focused on five areas of the solar-terrestrial magnetic activity and space environment studies, including study on solar surface magnetism; solar magnetic activity, dynamical response of the heliosphere; space weather prediction; and space environment exploration and monitoring. A hot topic of space research, CMEs, which are widely believed to be the most important phenomenon of the space environment, is discussed in many papers. Other papers show results of observational and theoretical studies toward better understanding of the complicated image of the magnetic coupling between the Sun and the Earth, although little is still known little its physical background. Space weather prediction, which is very important for a modern society expanding into out-space, is another hot topic of space research. However, a long way is still to go to predict exactly when and where a disaster will happen in the space. In that sense, there is much to do for space environment exploration and monitoring. The manuscripts submitted to this Monograph are divided into the following parts: (1) solar surface magnetism, (2) solar magnetic activity, (3) dynamical response of the heliosphere, (4) space environment exploration and monitoring; and (5) space weather prediction. Papers presented in this meeting but not submitted to this Monograph are listed by title as unpublished papers at the end of this book.
Space Weather Study Using Multipoint Techniques
L.-H. Lyu
Author : L.-H. Lyu
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 374 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2002-05-08
Category : Science
ISBN : 0080541518
Space Weather Study Using Multipoint Techniques by L.-H. Lyu Pdf
Magnetic storms may cause damage to satellites, radiation hazard to astronauts, disruption of radio communications, and interruption of ground electric power lines. Space weather prediction becomes an important issue to be addressed in the twenty-first century. International Solar Terrestrial Program (ISTP) employs five satellites to probe the solar wind and magnetosphere, providing valuable information for space weather prediction. The Asia-Pacific region is becoming one of the economic centers in the world. The continuous drive for scientific and technological progress in parallel is evidenced by the establishment of many space research organizations in many countries of this area. In Taiwan, the National Space Program Office (NSPO) established her third satellite program -- COSMIC (Constellation Obsering Systems for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate), which is a science experiment to demonstrate the utility of atmospheric radio limb soundings from a constellation of six low-earth orbiting satellites in operational weather prediction, space weather monitoring, and climate monitoring and research. In order to provide a forum to discuss the many new results in this rapid-moving field and to forge international collaborations, a three-day COSPAR Colloquium on "Space Weather Study Using Multipoint Techniques" was held. This colloquium have provided a forum for experts from the international community to present new results on the timely topic "space weather".