Countering The Threat Of Improvised Explosive Devices

Author : National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Naval Studies Board,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Committee on Defeating Improvised Explosive Devices: Basic Research to Interrupt the IED Delivery Chain
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 36 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2007-07-28
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780309109154

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Countering the Threat of Improvised Explosive Devices by National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Naval Studies Board,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Committee on Defeating Improvised Explosive Devices: Basic Research to Interrupt the IED Delivery Chain Pdf

Attacks in London, Madrid, Bali, Oklahoma City and other places indicate that improvised explosive devices (IEDs) are among the weapons of choice of terrorists throughout the world. Scientists and engineers have developed various technologies that have been used to counter individual IED attacks, but events in Iraq and elsewhere indicate that the effectiveness of IEDs as weapons of asymmetric warfare remains. The Office of Naval Research has asked The National Research Council to examine the current state of knowledge and practice in the prevention, detection, and mitigation of the effects of IEDs and make recommendations for avenues of research toward the goal of making these devices an ineffective tool of asymmetric warfare. The book includes recommendations such as identifying the most important and most vulnerable elements in the chain of events leading up to an IED attack, determining how resources can be controlled in order to prevent the construction of IEDs, new analytical methods and data modeling to predict the ever-changing behavior of insurgents/terrorists, a deeper understanding of social divisions in societies, enhanced capabilities for persistent surveillance, and improved IED detection capabilities.

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Committee on Defeating Improvised Explosive Devices: Basic Research to Interrupt the IED Delivery Chain
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 81 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2008-10-26
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780309124201

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Disrupting Improvised Explosive Device Terror Campaigns by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Committee on Defeating Improvised Explosive Devices: Basic Research to Interrupt the IED Delivery Chain Pdf

Countering the threat of improvised explosive devices (IED)s is a challenging, multilayered problem. The IED itself is just the most publicly visible part of an underlying campaign of violence, the IED threat chain. Improving the technical ability to detect the device is a primary objective, but understanding of the goals of the adversary; its sources of materiel, personnel, and money; the sociopolitical environment in which it operates; and other factors, such as the cultural mores that it must observe or override for support, may also be critical for impeding or halting the effective use of IEDs. Disrupting Improvised Explosive Device Terror Campaigns focuses on the human dimension of terror campaigns and also on improving the ability to predict these activities using collected and interpreted data from a variety of sources. A follow-up to the 2007 book, Countering the Threat of Improvised Explosive Devices: Basic Research Opportunities, this book summarizes two workshops held in 2008.

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Committee on Reducing the Threat of Improvised Explosive Device Attacks by Restricting Access to Chemical Explosive Precursors
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 215 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2018-05-19
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780309464079

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Reducing the Threat of Improvised Explosive Device Attacks by Restricting Access to Explosive Precursor Chemicals by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Committee on Reducing the Threat of Improvised Explosive Device Attacks by Restricting Access to Chemical Explosive Precursors Pdf

Improvised explosive devices (IEDs) are a type of unconventional explosive weapon that can be deployed in a variety of ways, and can cause loss of life, injury, and property damage in both military and civilian environments. Terrorists, violent extremists, and criminals often choose IEDs because the ingredients, components, and instructions required to make IEDs are highly accessible. In many cases, precursor chemicals enable this criminal use of IEDs because they are used in the manufacture of homemade explosives (HMEs), which are often used as a component of IEDs. Many precursor chemicals are frequently used in industrial manufacturing and may be available as commercial products for personal use. Guides for making HMEs and instructions for constructing IEDs are widely available and can be easily found on the internet. Other countries restrict access to precursor chemicals in an effort to reduce the opportunity for HMEs to be used in IEDs. Although IED attacks have been less frequent in the United States than in other countries, IEDs remain a persistent domestic threat. Restricting access to precursor chemicals might contribute to reducing the threat of IED attacks and in turn prevent potentially devastating bombings, save lives, and reduce financial impacts. Reducing the Threat of Improvised Explosive Device Attacks by Restricting Access to Explosive Precursor Chemicals prioritizes precursor chemicals that can be used to make HMEs and analyzes the movement of those chemicals through United States commercial supply chains and identifies potential vulnerabilities. This report examines current United States and international regulation of the chemicals, and compares the economic, security, and other tradeoffs among potential control strategies.

Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Armed Services. Oversight and Investigations Subcommittee
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 72 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : History
ISBN : UOM:39015090412746

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Defeating the Improvised Explosive Device (IED) and Other Asymmetric Threats by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Armed Services. Oversight and Investigations Subcommittee Pdf

Author : U. S. Military,Department Of Defense (Dod),U. S. Army
Publisher : Independently Published
Page : 58 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2018-09-20
Category : History
ISBN : 1723875589

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Getting It Right: The Endurance of Improvised Explosive Device (Ied) Education in the U.S. Army - History of Parallel Lessons on Vietnam by U. S. Military,Department Of Defense (Dod),U. S. Army Pdf

As the United States seeks to maintain its influence abroad, hostile nations and non-state actors will attempt to leverage the low-cost effectiveness of improvised explosive devices (IEDs) to disrupt US military operations. These cheap devices, made from relatively easily acquired components, will enable the continued use of the IED on the modern battlefield. While the US spent billions of dollars to counter this seemingly new IED threat, the devices used in Iraq and Afghanistan were similar in nature and effect to the booby traps used in Vietnam. The Army's failure to retain the institutional knowledge gained from its experiences with booby traps in Vietnam resulted in an initial inability to provide support for the detection and clearance of these devices and targeting of assembly/emplacement networks. Instead, the Army rushed the force management process, specifically within the Engineer Regiment, to refocus its efforts, regrow the skillset, and organize to meet the threat. While the major Global War on Terrorism (GWOT) conflicts close, other powers seek to counter United States dominance with methods that do not involve major combat operations. The use of cheap and easily acquired parts for IEDs will support their continued use. Therefore, a key to success in future conflicts is retaining and institutionalizing the knowledge gained through recent experiences while understanding the evolution of threats. Studies of historically noteworthy conflicts often evoke comparison. While history does not repeat itself, common themes emerge regarding actions of each participant and their success or failure. These themes provide a basis for future militaries to incorporate, adapt, or otherwise prepare for encountering these situational eventualities on the battlefield. The US military left Vietnam with robust counter-improvised explosive device (C-IED) experiences and knowledge, part of the greater counter-insurgency skillset developed by soldiers assigned to the Military Assistance Command, Vietnam (MACV) between February 1962 and March 1973. However, the military retained little of this experience in doctrine, training, or force structure as the Army's focus shifted to a new operating concept focused on maneuver-centric warfare against a near-peer threat from the Soviet Union throughout the 1970s and 80s. The close of the Cold War in 1990s ended the perceived threat of large scale, force-on-force, warfare for the moment. New threats emerged in Africa and the Balkans; old threats gained renewed interest in the Middle East. From the mid-1990s to the summer of 2001, the Army's focus was on limited warfare and peacekeeping operations. Non-state actors, under the banner of the terrorist organization Al-Qaeda, attacked the United States on September 11, 2001, forcing the Army to again reassess its focus. The war that followed led to significant investments of time, money, and blood in relearning the C-IED lessons forgotten during thirty years spent avoiding guerrilla warfare using conventional ground forces. While lessons learned from Iraq and Afghanistan guide today's engineer force structure and training in the C-IED fight, the Engineer Regiment must not lose interest as the focus for the training of tactical and operational units pivots back to major combat operations. Letting today's lessons suffer a fate similar to that of lessons learned during the Vietnam War will place the US Army at a disadvantage if the common threat of effective, low-cost weapons, fades and then reemerges to challenge US maneuver formations.

Author : U. S. Military,Joint Improvised Explosive Device (IED) Defeat Organization (JIEDDO),U. S. Army,Department of Defense
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 330 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2017-11-25
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1973389444

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21st Century IED and Roadside Bomb Encyclopedia: the Fight Against Improvised Explosive Devices in Afghanistan and Iraq, Plus the Convoy Survivability Training Guide by U. S. Military,Joint Improvised Explosive Device (IED) Defeat Organization (JIEDDO),U. S. Army,Department of Defense Pdf

The effort to defeat improvised explosive devices (IEDs) and roadside bombs in Afghanistan and Iraq is fully explained in this comprehensive two-part encyclopedia compilation, featuring the Convoy Survivability Training Support Package presenting information on enemy tactics, techniques, and procedures for attacking convoys, as well as U.S. measures in effect to counter them.IED REPORT: Updated with the latest information from the Joint IED Defeat Organization (JIEDDO), it also includes the results of Congressional inquiries into jamming the IED assembly line by impeding the flow of ammonium nitrate in south and central Asia. A recent GAO report on the JIEDDO effort is also reproduced. The JIEDDO solicitation of proposals for the development of innovative capabilities to defeat IEDs employed against dismounted U.S. or coalition forces anywhere in the world, but especially in Afghanistan is included. The military is looking for advances in the dismounted detection of buried IEDs and unmanned ground vehicles for dismount support. Buried IEDs are emplaced on or under the ground to be detonated in the proximity of Coalition Forces or other passers-by. IEDs are used on roadways, paths and choke points where intended victims are likely to walk. Devices are frequently emplaced in or near features (e.g. washouts, culverts, gates and bridges) that conceal their signatures and channel traffic over them. Components common to an IED are a switch, an initiator, a power source, and the main charge with container. The main charge is typically a homemade, fertilizer-based, bulk explosive in a plastic or fabric container. The most common switches for buried IEDs are victim operated pressure switches and command wires. IEDs are the enemy's fires system - their artillery. In Iraq and Afghanistan, the enemy delivers these fires through networks that for centuries have formed the sinews of commerce for tribes and factions. IED attacks provide the enemy with a cheap, stand-off, precision targeting system that often provides attackers with complete anonymity. Coverage of IEDs and the JIEDDO includes: JIEDDO Annual Reports (including the newest for the Fiscal Year 2010), Acronyms and Terms, Glossary, DoD Directives, Urgent Needs and Readiness Levels, Technology Readiness Levels, Training for Forensics and Crime Scene Investigation to Battle IEDs, biographies of key officials in the JIEDDO, History of JIEDDO, The Threat, Organizational Structure, Organization Chart, Attacking the Network, Counter-IED Operations Integration Center (COIC), Keyhole, Information Operations, Intelligence, Surveillance, and Recon (ISR), Warrior Alpha, WTI, Constant Hawk, Technology Insertion Process, Identity InstaCheck, Palantir, more.CONVOY SURVIVABILITY TRAINING: Specific areas of instruction include but are not limited to hardening vehicles, defending against attack, consolidation and reorganization, gun truck employment, various reports, battle drills, and basic instructions for setting up a convoy live fire exercise. The document states in part: "During this course of instruction you will learn to: Identify the threat; harden vehicles; conduct convoy briefing; execute motor movement; defend against attack; defend against Improvised Explosive Devices (IED); conduct convoy consolidation and reorganization; conduct actions at the Release Point (RP); describe the purpose and functions of the gun truck; identify gun truck crew duties; harden gun trucks; employ gun trucks; identify emerging enemy trends on the battlefield.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
Page : 24 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2024-06-17
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9781437986341

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Counter-Improvised Explosive Devices: Most Initiatives Supported by the Joint Improvised Explosive Device Defeat Org. Have Limited applicability to Humanitarian Demining by Anonim Pdf

Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Armed Services. Oversight and Investigations Subcommittee
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 120 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : History
ISBN : UOM:39015090412944

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Defeating the Improvised Explosive Device (IED) and Other Asymmetric Threats by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Armed Services. Oversight and Investigations Subcommittee Pdf

Author : Government Accountability Office
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Page : 28 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2017-08-08
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1974261204

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Combating Terrorism by Government Accountability Office Pdf

" Improvised explosive devices have been a significant cause of fatalities among U.S. troops in Afghanistan. About 80 percent of the IEDs contain homemade explosives, primarily calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) fertilizer smuggled from Pakistan. U.S. officials recognize the threat posed by the smuggling of CAN and other IED precursors from Pakistan into Afghanistan, and State and other agencies are assisting Pakistan's government to counter this threat. This report (1) describes the status of U.S. efforts to assist Pakistan in countering IEDs and (2) reviews State's tracking of U.S. assisted efforts in Pakistan to counter IEDs. To address these objectives, GAO reviewed agency strategy and programmatic documents, including State's fiscal year 2013 MSRP for Pakistan. GAO also met with U.S. officials in Washington, D.C., Arlington, Virginia, and Tampa, Florida; and met with U.S. and Pakistani officials in Islamabad, Pakistan. "

Author : U. S. Military,Department of Defense (DoD),U. S. Government
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 80 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2018-05-10
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1981059903

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Maritime Improvised Explosive Devices by U. S. Military,Department of Defense (DoD),U. S. Government Pdf

Over the last thirteen years, the world saw an increased use of improvised explosive devices (IEDs) by violent extremists and terrorist groups. Due to the simplicity and availability of IED making material, any willing person with limited knowledge can make IEDs. Given that the surface of the earth is eighty percent water, the maritime environment is a likely threat domain for terrorist activities. Navy Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) has the sole capability in the Department of Defense (DOD) for countering the maritime improvised explosive device (MIED) tactical threat to United States national interests and security. EOD divers, with limited equipment, are still the primary resource to render safe the waterborne explosive threat. The wars in Iraq and Afghanistan proved that robotics and unmanned tools are essential to EOD operations ashore for safety and standoff from IEDs. Unfortunately, use of robotics in the maritime environment for EOD operations is relatively new and unproven. The primary thesis question is: "How can Navy Explosive Ordnance Disposal counter the MIED threat in the contemporary operational environment?" This thesis identifies a capability gap in safely countering MIEDs and recommends a materiel solution in closing the gap. CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION * Maritime Improvised Explosive Devices: A Maritime Threat * Research Question * Personal Qualifications * Assumptions * Terms and Definitions * Limitations * Scope and Delimitations * Significance of Study * Summary and Conclusion * CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW * Organization * Background and Threat * Policy * U.S. Navy EOD Mission * U.S. Navy EOD Current Technology * The Perceived Capability Gap and Potential Solutions * U.S. Navy EOD Robotic Future * Summary and Conclusion * CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY * Method * Defining the Problem * Data Collection * Description, Analysis, and Interpretation * Description * Analysis * Interpretation * Summary and Conclusion * CHAPTER 4 ANALYSIS * Organization and Purpose * The MIED Threat and the Presence of a Capability Gap * Remaining Secondary Research Questions * Doctrine * Organization * Training * Materiel * Reviewing the Capability Gap * Analysis of a Robotic Solution to C-MIED * Summary and Conclusion * CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS * Organization and Purpose * Recommendations * Future Studies * Conclusion * APPENDIX A CONTEMPORARY MIED ATTACKS * REFERENCE LIST

Author : United States Army
Publisher : CreateSpace
Page : 32 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2013-06-17
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 1490459464

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Defeating Improvised Explosive Devices; Asymmetric Threats and Capability Gaps by United States Army Pdf

Since our enemies are unable to defeat the U.S. Army through conventional means, they engage in sophisticated hybrid forms of warfare to exploit our vulnerabilities and threaten our national security. Because today's improvised explosive devices (IED) are not fueled by traditional military explosive materials, they avoid detection by traditional explosive detection technologies. These led to the need for military organizations and civilian agencies to research and quickly deploy new systems to counter the asymmetric IED threats. Through exploitation of IEDs, military organizations and civilian agencies can determine how they function and this knowledge will enable the Joint EOD community, and conventional troops, to defeat this threat.

Author : James Revill
Publisher : Springer
Page : 134 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2016-07-15
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9783319338347

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Improvised Explosive Devices by James Revill Pdf

This book begins with an account of the evolution of improvised explosive devices using a number of micro case studies to explore how and why actors have initiated IED campaigns; how new and old technologies and expertise have been exploited and how ethical barriers to IED development and deployment have been dealt with. It proceeds to bring the evidence from the case studies together to identify themes and trends in IED development, before looking at what can realistically be done to mitigate the threat of IEDs in the new wars of the twenty first century. The book suggests that the advance and availability of a combination of technological factors, in conjunction with changes in the nature of contemporary conflicts, have led to the emergence of IEDs as the paradigmatic weapons of new wars. However their prevalence in contemporary and future conflicts is not inevitable, but rather depends on the willingness of multiple sets of actors at different levels to build a web of preventative measures to mitigate – if not eradicate – IED development and deployment.

Author : Andrew Smith
Publisher : Lulu.com
Page : 84 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2011-05-31
Category : History
ISBN : 9781257785186

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Improvised Explosive Devices in Iraq, 2003-09 by Andrew Smith Pdf

When fighting the insurgency in Iraq, the Coalition suffered an operational, if not strategic, surprise in the form of the IED threat. To deal with that surprise, both the United States and Australia needed to make institutional responses in a cycle that took at least 6 years. The subsequent impact of IEDs in Afghanistan suggests, in fact, that the response is still incomplete. To minimize their impact, it is critical that surprises be recognized quickly and responses initiated swiftly, especially for those in contact. It may take the appointment of new leadership to achieve the necessary impetus in the recovery. (Originally published by the Strategic Studies Institute)

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 46 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 1981
Category : Terrorism
ISBN : UIUC:30112041363976

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Tips for Countering Terrorism by Anonim Pdf

Author : Howard Linett
Publisher : Paladin Press
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2005-05-01
Category : Bombs
ISBN : 0873647726

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Living With Terrorism by Howard Linett Pdf

Israelis are the most experienced and prepared individuals in the world when it comes to protecting themselves against terrorist attacks. This book explicitly outlines real-world-tested preventative measures as practiced in Jerusalem by the author and his fellow citizens. Before the dangers of mass shootings, suicide bombings, sniper attacks and roadside ambushes become a reality in your life, you should prepare yourself and your loved ones by heeding the lifesaving lessons described by the author.