Critics Of Enlightenment Rationalism

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Critics of Enlightenment Rationalism

Gene Callahan,Kenneth B. McIntyre
Critics of Enlightenment Rationalism Book PDF

Author : Gene Callahan,Kenneth B. McIntyre
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 313 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2020-05-13
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783030425999

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Critics of Enlightenment Rationalism by Gene Callahan,Kenneth B. McIntyre Pdf

This book provides an overview of some of the most important critics of “Enlightenment rationalism.” The subjects of the volume—including, among others, Burke, Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, T.S. Eliot, Wittgenstein, Heidegger, C.S. Lewis, Gabriel Marcel, Russell Kirk, and Jane Jacobs—do not share a philosophical tradition as much as a skeptical disposition toward the notion, common among modern thinkers, that there is only one standard of rationality or reasonableness, and that that one standard is or ought to be taken from the presuppositions, methods, and logic of the natural sciences. The essays on each thinker are intended not merely to offer a commentary on that thinker, but also to place that thinker in the context of this larger stream of anti-rationalist thought. Thus, while this volume is not a history of anti-rationalist thought, it may contain the intimations of such a history.

Critics of Enlightenment Rationalism Revisited

Gene Callahan,Kenneth B. McIntyre
Critics of Enlightenment Rationalism Revisited Book PDF

Author : Gene Callahan,Kenneth B. McIntyre
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 342 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2022-09-10
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783031052262

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Critics of Enlightenment Rationalism Revisited by Gene Callahan,Kenneth B. McIntyre Pdf

This book provides an overview of some of the most important critics of “Enlightenment rationalism.” The subjects of the volume (including, among others, Pascal, Vico, Schmitt, Weber, Anscombe, Scruton, and Tolkien) do not share a philosophical tradition as much as a skeptical disposition toward the notion, common among modern thinkers, that there is only one standard of rationality or reasonableness, and that that one standard is or ought to be taken from the presuppositions, methods, and logic of the natural sciences. The essays on each thinker are intended not merely to offer a commentary on that thinker, but also to place the person in the context of this larger stream of anti-rationalist thought.

Three Critics of the Enlightenment

Isaiah Berlin
Three Critics of the Enlightenment Book PDF

Author : Isaiah Berlin
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 571 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2013-11-10
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781400848522

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Three Critics of the Enlightenment by Isaiah Berlin Pdf

Isaiah Berlin was deeply admired during his life, but his full contribution was perhaps underestimated because of his preference for the long essay form. The efforts of Henry Hardy to edit Berlin's work and reintroduce it to a broad, eager readership have gone far to remedy this. Now, Princeton is pleased to return to print, under one cover, Berlin's essays on these celebrated and captivating intellectual portraits: Vico, Hamann, and Herder. These essays on three relatively uncelebrated thinkers are not marginal ruminations, but rather among Berlin's most important studies in the history of ideas. They are integral to his central project: the critical recovery of the ideas of the Counter-Enlightenment and the explanation of its appeal and consequences--both positive and (often) tragic. Giambattista Vico was the anachronistic and impoverished Neapolitan philosopher sometimes credited with founding the human sciences. He opposed Enlightenment methods as cold and fallacious. J. G. Hamann was a pious, cranky dilettante in a peripheral German city. But he was brilliant enough to gain the audience of Kant, Goethe, and Moses Mendelssohn. In Hamann's chaotic and long-ignored writings, Berlin finds the first strong attack on Enlightenment rationalism and a wholly original source of the coming swell of romanticism. Johann Gottfried Herder, the progenitor of populism and European nationalism, rejected universalism and rationalism but championed cultural pluralism. Individually, these fascinating intellectual biographies reveal Berlin's own great intelligence, learning, and generosity, as well as the passionate genius of his subjects. Together, they constitute an arresting interpretation of romanticism's precursors. In Hamann's railings and the more considered writings of Vico and Herder, Berlin finds critics of the Enlightenment worthy of our careful attention. But he identifies much that is misguided in their rejection of universal values, rationalism, and science. With his customary emphasis on the frightening power of ideas, Berlin traces much of the next centuries' irrationalism and suffering to the historicism and particularism they advocated. What Berlin has to say about these long-dead thinkers--in appreciation and dissent--is remarkably timely in a day when Enlightenment beliefs are being challenged not just by academics but by politicians and by powerful nationalist and fundamentalist movements. The study of J. G. Hamann was originally published under the title The Magus of the North: J. G. Hamann and the Origins of Modern Irrationalism. The essays on Vico and Herder were originally published as Vico and Herder: Two Studies in the History of Ideas. Both are out of print. This new edition includes a number of previously uncollected pieces on Vico and Herder, two interesting passages excluded from the first edition of the essay on Hamann, and Berlin's thoughtful responses to two reviewers of that same edition.

Faith in the Enlightenment?

Lieven Boeve
Faith in the Enlightenment Book PDF

Author : Lieven Boeve
Publisher : Rodopi
Page : 377 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : History
ISBN : 9789042020672

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Faith in the Enlightenment? by Lieven Boeve Pdf

One of the urgent tasks of modern philosophy is to find a path between the rationalism of the Enlightenment and the relativism of postmodernism. Rationalism alone cannot suffice to solve today's problems, but neither can we dispense with reasonable critique. The task is to find ways to broaden the scope of rational thought without losing its critical power. The first part of this volume explores the ideas of Enlightenment philosophers and shows nuances often absent from the common view of the Enlightenment. The second part deals with some of the modern heirs of Enlightenment, such as Durkheim, Habermas, and Derrida. In the third part this volume looks at alternatives to Enlightenment thought in West European, Russian and Buddhist philosophy. Part four provides, over against the Enlightenment, a new starting point for the philosophy of religion in thinking about human beings, God, and the description of phenomena.

The Sceptical Idealist

Roy Tseng
The Sceptical Idealist Book PDF

Author : Roy Tseng
Publisher : Imprint Academic
Page : 324 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Enlightenment
ISBN : 0907845223

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The Sceptical Idealist by Roy Tseng Pdf

This is the first book-length study to provide a structured interpretation of the significance of Michael Oakeshott's critique of the Enlightenment. By seeing the thinker as a 'sceptical idealist' posing a serious challenge to the intellectual positions informed by the Enlightenment, this book attempts to resolve some of the issues debated by Oakeshott scholars. The author argues that Oakeshott's famous critique of philosophisme and Rationalism in fact expresses a sense of the crisis of philosophical modernity. Moreover, notwithstanding some recent interpretations, throughout his intellectual career Oakeshott has never altered his analysis of these two themes: philosophy as the persistent re-establishment of completeness by transcending abstractness, and the modes of experience as self-consistent worlds of discourse. To apply this philosophy in his moral and political writings, Oakeshott has redressed an imbalance in favour of the Enlightenment ethical position -- 'the sovereignty of technique', 'demonstrative moral truth', 'the politics of faith' and 'enterprise association' -- by revitalising the importance of 'traditional knowledge', 'conversation', 'intimation', 'the politics of scepticism' and 'civil association'. Oakeshott is neither a doctrinal liberal nor a dogmatic conservative, but a philosophical sceptic. Moreover, Oakeshott's contribution to history not only lies in his effort to transcend the Enlightenment historiographical position -- by separating the historical from the naturalised conception of History on which so-called 'scientific history' rests -- but also in his idealistic solution for the 'temporal dilemma' and the 'epistemic tension' in history that have long bothered philosophers.

Three Critics of the Enlightenment

Isaiah Berlin
Three Critics of the Enlightenment Book PDF

Author : Isaiah Berlin
Publisher : Vintage/Ebury (a Division of Random
Page : 382 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2000
Category : Irrationalism (Philosophy)
ISBN : 0712664920

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Three Critics of the Enlightenment by Isaiah Berlin Pdf

This book brings together for the first time three major studies from Isaiah Berlin's central intellectual project - to explain the opposition to the excessively scientific French Enlightenment by getting under the skin of its critics and giving a sympathetic account of their views. Giambattista Vico estabished that the humanties are and must remain crucially different from the sciences J G Herder originated populism, expressionism and pluralism; and the anti-rationalist J G Hamann lit the fuse of romanticism, the major movement to arise out of the various currents of hostility to Enlightenment thought. The issue between the advocates of the Enlightenment and these critics is today at least as fundamental as it was in its beginnings. With his customary humane understanding, Berlin analyses the ideas of three deeply original but unregarded thinkers, and demonstrates their disturbing relevance to the central issues of today's world.

Ethical Rationalism and Secularisation in the British Enlightenment

Dafydd Mills Daniel
Ethical Rationalism and Secularisation in the British Enlightenment Book PDF

Author : Dafydd Mills Daniel
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 351 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2020-10-22
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783030522032

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Ethical Rationalism and Secularisation in the British Enlightenment by Dafydd Mills Daniel Pdf

This book reassesses the ethics of reason in the Age of the Reason, making use of the neglected category of conscience. Arguing that conscience was a central feature of British Enlightenment ethical rationalism, the book explores the links between Enlightenment philosophy and modern secularisation, while responding to longstanding criticisms of rational intuitionism and the analogy between mathematics and morals, derived from David Hume and Immanuel Kant. Questioning in what sense British Enlightenment ethical rationalism can be associated with a secularising ‘Enlightenment project’, Daniel investigates the extent to which contemporary, and secular liberal, invocations of reason and conscience rely on the early modern Christian metaphysics they have otherwise disregarded. The chapters cover a rich collection of subjects, ranging from the Enlightenment’s secular legacy, reason and conscience in the history of ethics, and controversies in the Scottish Enlightenment, to the role of British moralists such as John Locke, Joseph Butler and Adam Smith in the secularisation of reason and conscience. Each chapter expertly refines Enlightenment ethical rationalism by reinterpreting its most influential proponents in eighteenth-century Britain – the followers of ‘Isaac Newton’s bulldog’ Samuel Clarke – including Richard Price (Edmund Burke’s opponent over the French Revolution) and John Witherspoon (the only clergyman to sign the US declaration of Independence).

The Sovereignty of Reason

Frederick C. Beiser
The Sovereignty of Reason Book PDF

Author : Frederick C. Beiser
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 346 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2014-07-14
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781400864447

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The Sovereignty of Reason by Frederick C. Beiser Pdf

The Sovereignty of Reason is a survey of the rule of faith controversy in seventeenth-century England. It examines the arguments by which reason eventually became the sovereign standard of truth in religion and politics, and how it triumphed over its rivals: Scripture, inspiration, and apostolic tradition. Frederick Beiser argues that the main threat to the authority of reason in seventeenth-century England came not only from dissident groups but chiefly from the Protestant theology of the Church of England. The triumph of reason was the result of a new theology rather than the development of natural philosophy, which upheld the orthodox Protestant dualism between the heavenly and earthly. Rationalism arose from a break with the traditional Protestant answers to problems of salvation, ecclesiastical polity, and the true faith. Although the early English rationalists were not able to defend all their claims on behalf of reason, they developed a moral and pragmatic defense of reason that is still of interest today. Beiser's book is a detailed examination of some neglected figures of early modern philosophy, who were crucial in the development of modern rationalism. There are chapters devoted to Richard Hooker, the Great Tew Circle, the Cambridge Platonists, the early ethical rationalists, and the free-thinkers John Toland and Anthony Collins. Originally published in 1996. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Edmund Burke

Peter Stanlis
Edmund Burke Book PDF

Author : Peter Stanlis
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 282 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2018-02-06
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781351316743

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Edmund Burke by Peter Stanlis Pdf

Two centuries after Edmund Burke published his Reflections on the Revolution in France, his name and reputation stand alongside Locke, Montesquieu, and Hume - the other still-cited grand political thinkers of the eighteenth century. For those great nations that have fallen into what Burke called "the antagonist world of madness, discord, vice, confusion and unavailing sorrow," the work of Burke supplies that sense of order, justice and freedom the present age seems to require. This volume by Peter Stanlis has grown out of almost four decades of studying Burke. Today, Professor Stanlis is called by Russell Kirk "the leading American authority on the political thought of the great conservative reformer." The book is divided into three categories: Burke on law and politics; Burke's criticism of Enlightenment rationalism and sensibility; and Burke's theory of revolution and critique of the English revolution of 1688. Stanlis' reasons' for linking Burke to the English Revolution rather than the later, and admittedly more decisive American and French Revolutions of his own time, is that for Burke, that earlier event was the normative pivot for judging how to make important changes in civil society. Indeed, even in his writings on the contemporary revolutions of his time,. Stanlis reminds us that Burke interpreted revolutionary events in France and Americas through the prism of the bloodless Revolution of 1688.

Enlightenment Now

Steven Pinker
Enlightenment Now Book PDF

Author : Steven Pinker
Publisher : Penguin
Page : 578 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2018-02-13
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780525427575

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Enlightenment Now by Steven Pinker Pdf

INSTANT NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER A NEW YORK TIMES NOTABLE BOOK OF 2018 ONE OF THE ECONOMIST'S BOOKS OF THE YEAR "My new favorite book of all time." --Bill Gates If you think the world is coming to an end, think again: people are living longer, healthier, freer, and happier lives, and while our problems are formidable, the solutions lie in the Enlightenment ideal of using reason and science. By the author of the new book, Rationality. Is the world really falling apart? Is the ideal of progress obsolete? In this elegant assessment of the human condition in the third millennium, cognitive scientist and public intellectual Steven Pinker urges us to step back from the gory headlines and prophecies of doom, which play to our psychological biases. Instead, follow the data: In seventy-five jaw-dropping graphs, Pinker shows that life, health, prosperity, safety, peace, knowledge, and happiness are on the rise, not just in the West, but worldwide. This progress is not the result of some cosmic force. It is a gift of the Enlightenment: the conviction that reason and science can enhance human flourishing. Far from being a naïve hope, the Enlightenment, we now know, has worked. But more than ever, it needs a vigorous defense. The Enlightenment project swims against currents of human nature--tribalism, authoritarianism, demonization, magical thinking--which demagogues are all too willing to exploit. Many commentators, committed to political, religious, or romantic ideologies, fight a rearguard action against it. The result is a corrosive fatalism and a willingness to wreck the precious institutions of liberal democracy and global cooperation. With intellectual depth and literary flair, Enlightenment Now makes the case for reason, science, and humanism: the ideals we need to confront our problems and continue our progress.

Conscience and Its Critics

Edward G. Andrew
Conscience and Its Critics Book PDF

Author : Edward G. Andrew
Publisher : University of Toronto Press
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2001-12-15
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781442654303

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Conscience and Its Critics by Edward G. Andrew Pdf

Conscience and Its Critics is an eloquent and passionate examination of the opposition between Protestant conscience and Enlightenment reason in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Seeking to illuminate what the United Nations Declaration of Rights means in its assertion that reason and conscience are the definitive qualities of human beings, Edward Andrew attempts to give determinate shape to the protean notion of conscience through historical analysis. The argument turns on the liberal Enlightenment's attempt to deconstruct conscience as an innate practical principle. The ontological basis for individualism in the seventeenth century, conscience was replaced in the eighteenth century by public opinion and conformity to social expectations. Focusing on the English tradition of political thought and moral psychology and drawing on a wide range of writers, Andrew reveals a strongly conservative dimension to the Enlightenment in opposing the egalitarian and antinomian strain in Protestant conscience. He then traces the unresolved relationship between reason and conscience through to the modern conception of the liberty of conscience, and shows how conscience served to contest social inequality and the natural laws of capitalist accumulation.

Isaiah Berlin's Counter-Enlightenment

Joseph Mali,Robert Wokler
Isaiah Berlin s Counter Enlightenment Book PDF

Author : Joseph Mali,Robert Wokler
Publisher : American Philosophical Society
Page : 212 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 0871699354

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Isaiah Berlin's Counter-Enlightenment by Joseph Mali,Robert Wokler Pdf

As the essays in this collection make plain, Isaiah Berlin invented neither the term "Counter-Enlightenment" nor the concept. However, more than any other figure since the eighteenth century, Berlin appropriated the term, made it the heart of his own political thought, and imbued his interpretations of particular thinkers with its meanings and significance. His diverse treatment of writers at the margins of the Enlightenment, who themselves reflected upon what they took to be its central currents, were at once historical and philosophical. Berlin sought to show that our patterns of culture, manufactured by ourselves, must be explained differently from the ways in which we seek to fathom laws of nature. Many of the essays in this volume were prepared for the International Seminar in memory of Sir Isaiah Berlin, held at the School of History in Tel Aviv University during the academic year 1999-2000.

Dialectic of Enlightenment

Max Horkheimer,Theodor W. Adorno,Gunzelin Schmid Noerr
Dialectic of Enlightenment Book PDF

Author : Max Horkheimer,Theodor W. Adorno,Gunzelin Schmid Noerr
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 282 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 0804736324

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Dialectic of Enlightenment by Max Horkheimer,Theodor W. Adorno,Gunzelin Schmid Noerr Pdf

This celebrated work is the keystone of the thought of the Frankfurt School. It is a wide-ranging philosophical and psychological critique of the Western categories of reason and nature, from Homer to Nietzsche.

Rethinking Progress

Jeffrey C. Alexander,Piotr Sztompka
Rethinking Progress Book PDF

Author : Jeffrey C. Alexander,Piotr Sztompka
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 271 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2002-09-11
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781134997893

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Rethinking Progress by Jeffrey C. Alexander,Piotr Sztompka Pdf

Rethinking Progress provides a challenging reevaluation of one of the crucial ideas of Western civilization; the notion of progress. Progress often seems to have become self-defeating, producing ecological deserts, overpopulated cities, exhausted resources, decaying cultures, and widespread feelings of alienation. The contributors, from all over the world, present their diversified perspectives on the fate of progress.

Dialectic of Enlightenment

Max Horkheimer,Theodor W. Adorno,Gunzelin Noeri
Dialectic of Enlightenment Book PDF

Author : Max Horkheimer,Theodor W. Adorno,Gunzelin Noeri
Publisher : Stanford University Press
Page : 310 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 0804736332

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Dialectic of Enlightenment by Max Horkheimer,Theodor W. Adorno,Gunzelin Noeri Pdf

This celebrated work is the keystone of the thought of the Frankfurt School. It is a wide-ranging philosophical and psychological critique of the Western categories of reason and nature, from Homer to Nietzsche.