Critique Of The Empiricist Explanation Of Morality

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Critique of the Empiricist Explanation of Morality

Author : C. W. Maris
Publisher : Springer
Page : 486 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2013-11-22
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9789401744300

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Critique of the Empiricist Explanation of Morality by C. W. Maris Pdf

a. 'Two things fill the mind with ever new and increasing admiration and awe, the oftener and the more steadily we reflect on them: the starry heavens above and the moral law within. ' Thus Kant formulates his attitude to morality (Critique of Practical Reason, p. 260). He draws a sharp distinction between these two objects of admiration. The starry sky, he writes, represents my relationship to the natural, empirical world. Moral law, on the other hand, is of a completely different order. It ' . . . begins from my invisible self, my personality, and exhibits me in a world which has true infinity, but which is traceable only by the understanding and with which I discern that I am not in a merely contingent but in a universal and necessary connection (. . . ). ' (p. 260). So Kant sees morality as a separate metaphysical order opposed to the world of empirical phenomena. Human beings belong to both worlds. According to Kant, the personality derives nothing of value from its relationship with the empirical world. His part in the sensuous world of nature places man on a level with any animal which before long must give back to the rest of nature the substances of which it is made.

Empiricism and Ethics

Author : D. H. Monro
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2009-06-11
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 0521111625

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Empiricism and Ethics by D. H. Monro Pdf

Professor Monro presents an original view of ethics based on empiricism, which leads him to a subjectivist position about moral values. He starts by examining the central problem in moral philosophy: are moral statements objectively true, or are they expressions of preference? The first view conflicts with the empiricist beliefs current in modern thought; the opposing naturalistic theory seems to lead to moral scepticism. After discussing both views, the author presents a detailed defence of the subjectivist position. In the course of his argument he gives a detailed analysis and criticism of the 'universalisability thesis', the theory that moral aspirations differ from others in being applicable to all men, and that it is this that makes them moral. He then offers an alternative account of the nature of moral attitudes. The author illustrates his explanations with straightforward analogies and examples. His clear exposition of the fundamental concepts arising in his argument makes this a book for students as well as for professional moral philosophers.

Getting what You Want?

Author : Robert Brecher
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 236 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 1997
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 0415129524

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Getting what You Want? by Robert Brecher Pdf

Getting What You Want? offers a critique of liberal morality and an analysis of its understanding of the individual as a 'wanting thing'.

An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals

Author : David Hume
Publisher : BoD - Books on Demand
Page : 156 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2022-12-17
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9791041940387

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An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals by David Hume Pdf

An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals (EPM) is a book by Scottish enlightenment philosopher David Hume. In it, Hume argues (among other things) that the foundations of morals lie with sentiment, not reason. An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals is the enquiry subsequent to the Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding (EHU). Thus, it is often referred to as "the second Enquiry". It was originally published in 1751, three years after the first Enquiry. Hume first discusses ethics in A Treatise of Human Nature (in Book 3 - "Of Morals"). He later extracted and expounded upon the ideas he proposed there in his second Enquiry. In his short autobiographical work, My Own Life (1776), Hume states that his second Enquiry is "of all my writings, historical, philosophical, or literary, incomparably the best."

Getting What You Want?

Author : Bob Brecher
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 229 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2012-10-12
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781134793839

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Getting What You Want? by Bob Brecher Pdf

Getting What You Want? is the first book which calls for the collapse of liberal morality. Bob Brecher claims that it is wrong to think that morality is simply rooted in what people want. He explains that in our consumerist society, we make the assumption that getting 'what people want' is our natural goal, and that this 'natural goal' is a necessarily good one. We see that whether it is a matter of pornography or getting married - if people want it, then that's that. But is this really a good thing? Getting What You Want? offers a critique of liberal morality and an analysis of its understanding of the individual as a 'wanting thing'. Brecher boldly argues that the Anglo-American liberalism cannot give an adequate account of moral reasoning and action, nor any justification of moral principles or demands. Ultimately, Brecher shows us that the whole idea of liberal morality is not only incoherent but unattainable.

The Critique of Practical Reason

Author : Immanuel Kant
Publisher : DigiCat
Page : 146 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2022-05-17
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : EAN:8596547008309

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The Critique of Practical Reason by Immanuel Kant Pdf

The Critique of Practical Reason is the second of Immanuel Kant's three critiques. It follows on from Kant's Critique of Pure Reason and deals with his moral philosophy. The second Critique exercised a decisive influence over the subsequent development of the field of ethics and moral philosophy, beginning with Johann Gottlieb Fichte's Doctrine of Science and becoming, during the 20th century, the principal reference point for deontological moral philosophy. Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) was a German philosopher, who, according to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy is "the central figure of modern philosophy." Kant argued that fundamental concepts of the human mind structure human experience, that reason is the source of morality, that aesthetics arises from a faculty of disinterested judgment, that space and time are forms of our understanding, and that the world as it is "in-itself" is unknowable. Kant took himself to have effected a Copernican revolution in philosophy, akin to Copernicus' reversal of the age-old belief that the sun revolved around the earth.

Kant: Critique of Practical Reason

Author : Immanuel Kant
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 186 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 1997-11-13
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 0521599628

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Kant: Critique of Practical Reason by Immanuel Kant Pdf

The Critique of Practical Reason is the second of Kant's three Critiques, one of his three major treatises on moral theory, and a seminal text in the history of moral philosophy. Originally published three years after his Groundwork to the Metaphysics of Morals, the Critique provides further elaboration of the basic themes of Kant's moral theory, gives the most complete statement of his highly original theory of freedom of the will, and develops his practical metaphysics. This new edition of Kant's Critique of Practical Reason - prepared by an acclaimed translator and scholar of Kant's practical philosophy - presents the first new translation of this work to appear for some years. A substantial and lucid introduction by Andrews Reath places the main themes of the Critique in the context of Kant's moral theory and his critical system.

Moral Reality and the Empirical Sciences

Author : Thomas Pölzler
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 238 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2018-05-11
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781351383332

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Moral Reality and the Empirical Sciences by Thomas Pölzler Pdf

Are there objective moral truths (things that are morally right or wrong independently of what anybody thinks about them)? To answer this question more and more scholars have recently begun to appeal to evidence from scientific disciplines such as psychology, neuroscience, biology, and anthropology. This book investigates this novel scientific approach in a comprehensive, empirically focused, partly clarificatory, and partly metatheoretical way. It argues for two main theses. First, it is possible for the empirical sciences to contribute to the moral realism/anti-realism debate. And second, most appeals to science that have so far been proposed are insufficiently empirically substantiated. The book’s main chapters address four prominent science-based arguments for or against the existence of objective moral truths: the presumptive argument, the argument from moral disagreement, the sentimentalist argument, and the evolutionary debunking argument. For each of these arguments Thomas Pölzler first identifies the sense in which its underlying empirical hypothesis would have to be true in order for the argument to work. Then he shows that the available scientific evidence fails to support this hypothesis. Finally, he also makes suggestions as to how to test the hypothesis more validly in future scientific research. Moral Reality and the Empirical Sciences is an important contribution to the moral realism/anti-realism debate that will appeal both to philosophers and scientists interested in moral psychology and metaethics.

Impressions of Empiricism

Author : Royal Institute of Philosophy
Publisher : Springer
Page : 259 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 1976-06-18
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781349028047

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Impressions of Empiricism by Royal Institute of Philosophy Pdf

Critique of Pure Reason

Author : Immanuel Kant
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 774 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 1881
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : PRNC:32101075679488

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Critique of Pure Reason by Immanuel Kant Pdf

Metaphysicians have for centuries attempted to clarify the nature of the world and how rational human beings construct their ideas of it. Materialists believed that the world (including its human component) consisted of objective matter, an irreducible substance to which qualities and characteristics could be attributed. Mindthoughts, ideas, and perceptionswas viewed as a more sophisticated material substance. Idealists, on the other hand, argued that the world acquired its reality from mind, which breathed metaphysical life into substances that had no independent existence of their own. These two camps seemed deadlocked until Immanuel Kant's Critique of Pure Reason endeavored to show that the most accurate theory of reality would be one that combined relevant aspects of each position, yet transcended both to arrive at a more fundamental metaphysical theory. Kant's synthesis sought to disclose how human reason goes about constructing its experience of the world, thus intertwining objective simuli with rational processes that arrive at an orderly view of nature.

The Moral Landscape

Author : Sam Harris
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
Page : 322 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2011-09-13
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781439171226

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The Moral Landscape by Sam Harris Pdf

Sam Harris dismantles the most common justification for religious faith--that a moral system cannot be based on science.

Moral Character

Author : Christian B. Miller
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 365 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2013-05-09
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780199674350

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Moral Character by Christian B. Miller Pdf

Most of us are not virtuous people; but neither are we vicious. Instead, our characters are decidedly mixed, and much more complex than we might have thought. Christian Miller presents a new account of moral character based on Mixed Character Traits. He explores how most of us are less than virtuous people but also morally better than the vicious.