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Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 586 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 1987
Category : Low temperature engineering
ISBN : STANFORD:36105000583141
Author : Cryogenic Data Center
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 8 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 1974
Category : Low temperature engineering
ISBN : PSU:000071875521
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 16 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 1975
Category : Low temperature research
ISBN : MINN:30000010294068
Author : Graham Walker,Edward Reid Bingham
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 322 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 1994
Category : Science
ISBN : 0198517602
In the early 1980s, Graham Walker wrote his classic two-volume monograph Cryocoolers. Records show that sections of this work have been referenced more often and by more authors than any other cryogenic paper published in the mid-1980s. Nevertheless, the significant time lapse in so dynamica field and Walker and Bingham's experience of teaching short courses has revealed the need for a more up-to-date book - one that is more compact, lower in cost, and embraces more topics. Low-capacity Cryogenic Refrigeration provides an elementary yet comprehensive introduction to the subject, with diverse applications in scientific, medical, educational, military, and civil systems. It is complementary to the earlier two-volume work, but covers a wider field and has a wealth ofinformation about the new developments in the last fifteen years. In addition to descriptions of all the principal methods to achieve low-capacity cryogenic refrigeration, this new volume contains a valuable guide to the literature sources and references more advanced works.
Author : Dudley B. Chelton,Douglas B. Mann
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 140 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 1956
Category : Low temperature engineering
ISBN : UOM:39015077596990
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 1809
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:634415938
Author : Dudley B. Chelton,Douglas B. Mann
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 1963
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:313161830
Author : Frank R. Williamson
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 728 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 1977
Category : Electronic
ISBN : NASA:31769000420359
Author : Frederick J. Edeskuty,Walter F. Stewart
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 268 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 1996-05-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 0306451611
The importance of safety in any scientific endeavor is never in question. However, when cryogenic temperatures are involved, safety is especially important. In addition to observing the normal precautions, one must also take into account the variations of physical properties that occur at low temperatures. At these tempera tures, some properties not only exhibit large differences from their normal values but also can vary widely over a small temperature range. Before any cryogenic project is started, a thorough knowledge of the possible hazards is necessary. Only in this way can the safest operation be attained. Over the hundred-year history of cryogenic research, this has been shown to be the case. Keeping this requirement in mind is an essential ingredient in the quest for accident-free work. The past four or five decades have seen a great expansion of cryogenic technology. Cryogenic liquids, such as oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, and helium, have become commonly used in a number of different applications and are easily available in any part of the United States and, indeed, almost anywhere in the world. Not only are these liquids available, they have become less expensive and also available in ever larger quantities. As quantities increase, so also do the conse quences of mishaps. The future seems to hold promise of ever larger and more widespread use of the common cryogens. Thus, the importance of safety also increases as time progresses.
Author : Quan-Sheng Shu,Peter Kittel,David Glaister,John Hull,Bill Burt,Al Zeller,John Zbasnik,Vitalij Pecharsky,Steven W. Van Sciver,Ray Radebaugh,Michael DiPirro,J. Patrick Kelley,Klaus D. Timmerhaus,Jay Theilacker,Charles Reece
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 984 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2000-10-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 0306464438
In recent years, the technology of cryogenic comminution has been widely applied in the field of chemical engineering, food making, medicine production, and particularly in recycling of waste materials. Because of the increasing pollution of waste tires and the shortage of raw rubber resource, the recycling process for waste rubber products has become important and commercially viable. This technology has shown a great number of advantages such as causing no environmental pollution, requiring low energy consumption and producing high quality products. Hence, the normal crusher which was used to reclaim materials, such as waste tires, nylon, plastic and many polymer materials at atmospheric 12 temperature is being replaced by a cryogenic crusher. • In the cryogenic crusher, the property of the milled material is usually very sensitive to temperature change. When a crusher is in operation, it will generate a great deal of heat that causes the material temperature increased. Once the temperature increases over the vitrification temperature, the material property will change and lose the brittle behavior causing the energy consumption to rise sharply. Consequently, the comminution process cannot be continued. Therefore, it is believed that the cryogenic crusher is the most critical component in the cryogenic comminution system. The research on the temperature increase and energy consumption in the cryogenic crusher is not only to reduce the energy consumption of the crasher, but also to reduce the energy consumption of the cryogenic system.
Author : Peter Kittel
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 2106 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 1994
Category : Low temperature engineering
ISBN : 0306448548
Author : A.R. Jha
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 290 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2011-04-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780080457970
Cryogenic Technology and Applications describes the need for smaller cryo-coolers as a result of the advances in the miniaturization of electrical and optical devices and the need for cooling and conducting efficiency. Cryogenic technology deals with materials at low temperatures and the physics of their behavior at these temps. The book demonstrates the ongoing new applications being discovered for cryo-cooled electrical and optical sensors and devices, with particular emphasis on high-end commercial applications in medical and scientific fields as well as in the aerospace and military industries. This book summarizes the important aspects of cryogenic technology critical to the design and development of refrigerators, cryo-coolers, and micro-coolers needed by various commercial, industrial, space and military systems. Cryogenic cooling plays an important role in unmanned aerial vehicle systems, infrared search and track sensors, missile warning receivers, satellite tracking systems, and a host of other commercial and military systems. * Provides an overview of the history of the development of cryogenic technology * Includes the latest information on micro-coolers for military and space applications * Offers detailed information on high-capacity cryogenic refrigerator systems used in applications such as food storage, high-power microwave and laser sensors, medical diagnostics, and infrared detectors
Author : R.W. Fast
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 1793 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781461306399
The 1989 Cryogenic Engineering Conference, meeting jointly with the International Cryogenic Materials Conference, was held on the campus of the University of California, Los Angeles from July 24 to 28. Professor T.H.K. Frederking was the conference chairman. The Conference had previously met at U.C.L.A. in 1962 and 1969. A special symposium, "A Half Century of Superfluid Helium," was a significant part of the program of CEC-89. We were especially fortunate to have Professor Jack Allen of the University of St. Andrews, Scotland present at the Conference; his paper, "Early Superfluidity in Cambridge, 1936 to 1939," was a delightful, often humorous account of the early experimental work with superfluid helium. Professors V.L. Ginzburg and J.L. Olesen could not be present for the Symposium, but provided papers which are published in these proceedings. The late Bill Fairbank, responding graciously to a last-minute invitation from Professor Frederking, presented a wonderful account of superfluid research in the United States in the post-war years.
Author : Thomas J. Peterson,J. G. Weisend II
Publisher : Springer
Page : 213 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2019-06-27
Category : Science
ISBN : 303016506X
This book describes the current state of the art in cryogenic safety best practice, helping the reader to work with cryogenic systems and materials safely. It brings together information from previous texts, industrial and laboratory safety polices, and recent research papers. Case studies, example problems, and an extensive list of references are included to add to the utility of the text. It describes the unique safety hazards posed by cryogenics in all its guises, including issues associated with the extreme cold of cryogenics, the flammability of some cryogenic fluids, the displacement of oxygen by inert gases boiling off from cryogenic fluids, and the high pressures that can be formed during the volume expansion that occurs when a cryogenic fluid becomes a room temperature gas. A further chapter considers the challenges arising from the behavior of materials at cryogenic temperatures. Many materials are inappropriate for use in cryogenics and can fail, resulting in hazardous conditions. Despite these hazards, work at cryogenic temperatures can be performed safely. The book also discusses broader safety issues such as hazard analysis, establishment of a safe work culture and lessons learned from cryogenic safety in accelerator labs. This book is designed to be useful to everyone affected by cryogenic hazards regardless of their expertise in cryogenics.
Author : U. Balu Balachandran,Donald G. Gubser,K. Ted Hartwig,Victoria A. Bardos
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 664 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2000-06-30
Category : Science
ISBN : 0306463989
The 1999 Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC) and International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) were held in Montreal, Quebec, Canada from July 12th to July 16th. The joint conference theme was "Cryogenics into the Next Millennium". The total conference attendance was 797 with participation from 28 countries. As with previous joint CEC and ICMC Conferences, the participants were able to benefit from the joint conference's coverage of cryogenic applications and materials and their interactions. The conference format of plenary, oral and poster presentations, and an extensive commercial exhibit, the largest in CEC-ICMC history, aimed to promote this synergy. The addition of short courses, workshops, and a discussion meeting enabled participants to focus on some of their specialties. The technical tour, organized by Suzanne Gendron, was of Hydro-Quebec's research institute laboratories near Montreal. In keeping with the conference venue the entertainment theme was Jazz, culminating in .the performance of Vic Vogel and his Jazz Big Band at the conference banquet. This 1999 ICMC Conference was chaired by Julian Cave of IREQ - Institut de recherche d'Hydro-Quebec, and the Program Chair and Vice-Chair were Michael Green of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Balu Balachandran of the Argonne National Laboratory respectively. We especially appreciate the contributions of both the CEC and ICMC Boards and the conference managers, Centennial Conferences, under the supervision of Paula Pair and Kim Bass, in making this conference a success.