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Author : John Mendelsohn
Publisher : Facsimiles-Garl
Page : 434 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 1982
Category : Political Science
ISBN : STANFORD:36105081527447
Author : Alan E. Steinweis
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 225 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2009-11-15
Category : History
ISBN : 9780674267534
On November 7, 1938, a Jewish teenager, Herschel Grynszpan, fatally shot a German diplomat in Paris. Within three days anti-Jewish violence erupted throughout Germany, initially incited by local Nazi officials, and ultimately sanctioned by the decisions of Hitler and Goebbels at the pinnacle of the Third Reich. As synagogues burned and Jews were beaten in the streets, police stood aside. Men, women, and children—many neighbors of the victims—participated enthusiastically in acts of violence, rituals of humiliation, and looting. By the night of November 10, a nationwide antisemitic pogrom had inflicted massive destruction on synagogues, Jewish schools, and Jewish-owned businesses. During and after this spasm of violence and plunder, 30,000 Jewish men were rounded up and sent to concentration camps, where hundreds would perish in the following months. Kristallnacht revealed to the world the intent and extent of Nazi Judeophobia. However, it was seen essentially as the work of the Nazi leadership. Now, Alan Steinweis counters that view in his vision of Kristallnacht as a veritable pogrom—a popular cathartic convulsion of antisemitic violence that was manipulated from above but executed from below by large numbers of ordinary Germans rioting in the streets, heckling and taunting Jews, cheering Stormtroopers' hostility, and looting Jewish property on a massive scale. Based on original research in the trials of the pogrom's perpetrators and the testimonies of its Jewish survivors, Steinweis brings to light the evidence of mob action by all sectors of the civilian population. Kristallnacht 1938 reveals the true depth and nature of popular antisemitism in Nazi Germany on the eve of the Holocaust.
Author : Stephanie Fitzgerald
Publisher : Capstone
Page : 50 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)
ISBN : 9780756534899
Discusses the night in November 1938 when the streets of Germany and Austria were full of members of the Nazi Party who destroyed Jewish-owned businesses and homes, synagogues and lives.
Author : Uta Gerhardt,Thomas Karlauf
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 211 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2021-09-11
Category : History
ISBN : 9781509552603
November 9th 1938 is widely seen as a violent turning point in Nazi Germany’s assault on the Jews. An estimated 400 Jews lost their lives in the anti-Semitic pogrom and more than 30,000 were imprisoned or sent to concentration camps, where many were brutally mistreated. Thousands more fled their homelands in Germany and Austria, shocked by what they had seen, heard and experienced. What they took with them was not only the pain of saying farewell but also the memory of terrible scenes: attacks by mobs of drunken Nazis, public humiliations, burning synagogues, inhuman conditions in overcrowded prison cells and concentration camp barracks. The reactions of neighbours and passersby to these barbarities ranged from sympathy and aid to scorn, mockery, and abuse. In 1939 the Harvard sociologist Edward Hartshorne gathered eyewitness accounts of the Kristallnacht from hundreds of Jews who had fled, but Hartshorne joined the Secret Service shortly afterwards and the accounts he gathered were forgotten – until now. These eyewitness testimonies – published here for the first time with a Foreword by Saul Friedländer, the Pulitzer Prize historian and Holocaust survivor – paint a harrowing picture of everyday violence in one of Europe’s darkest moments. This unique and disturbing document will be of great interest to anyone interested in modern history, Nazi Germany and the historical experience of the Jews.
Author : Rita Thalmann,Emmanuel Feinermann
Publisher : United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
Page : 204 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 1974
Category : History
ISBN : IND:39000002256191
A gripping documentary of the Nazi night of terror that was prelude to the Holocaust.
Author : Martin Gilbert
Publisher : Harper Collins
Page : 317 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2007-05-29
Category : History
ISBN : 9780061121357
In the early hours of November 10, 1938, Nazi storm troopers and Hitler Youth rampaged through Jewish neighborhoods across Germany, leaving behind them a horrifying trail of terror and destruction. More than a thousand synagogues and many thousands of Jewish shops were destroyed, while thirty thousand Jews were rounded up and sent to concentration camps. Kristallnacht—the Night of Broken Glass—was a decisive stage in the systematic eradication of a people who traced their origins in Germany to Roman times and was a sinister forewarning of the Holocaust. With rare insight and acumen, Martin Gilbert examines this night and day of terror, presenting readers with a meticulously researched, masterfully written, and eye-opening study of one of the darkest chapters in human history.
Author : Rita Thalmann
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 192 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 1974
Category : Germany
ISBN : OCLC:970944718
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 112 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 1988
Category : Government publications
ISBN : UOM:39015022195989
A collection of material for commemorative observance of the "Kristallnacht" pogroms which occurred in Germany and Austria, giving historical background, texts of documents, suggested program ideas, study aids, and resources (resource centers, a short bibliography, and a list of films on the Holocaust).
Author : Mitchell Geoffrey Bard
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 261 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Jews
ISBN : 9781599216607
The first book to thoroughly chronicle this pivotal event by presenting a wide array of eyewitness testimony, much of it previously unpublished, and to set the event firmly in historical context.
Author : Colin McCullough,Nathan Wilson
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 184 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2014-09-15
Category : History
ISBN : 9781134757770
This edited collection delves into the horrors of November 1938 and to what degree they portended the Holocaust, demonstrating the varied reactions of Western audiences to news about the pogrom against the Jews. A pattern of stubborn governmental refusal to help German Jews to any large degree emerges throughout the book. Much of this was in response to uncertain domestic economic conditions and underlying racist attitudes towards Jews. Contrasting this was the outrage expressed by ordinary people around the world who condemned the German violence and challenged the policy of Appeasement being advanced by Great Britain and France towards Adolf Hitler’s Nazi German government at the time. Contributors employ multiple media sources to make their arguments, and compare these with official government records. For the first time, a collection on Kristallnacht has taken a truly transnational approach, giving readers a fuller understanding of how the events of November 1938 were understood around the Western world.
Author : James Deem
Publisher : Enslow Publishing, LLC
Page : 132 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2012-01-01
Category : Juvenile Nonfiction
ISBN : 0766033244
"Discusses Kristallnacht, a four-day pogrom instigated by the Nazis against Germany's Jews, including stories from the victims, witnesses and perpetrators of the attack, and how it marked the beginning of the Holocaust"--Provided by publisher.
Author : J. A. Sexton,Weronika Kuzniar
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Page : 266 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2016-12-11
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1540692175
From November 8th-10th, 1938, something sinister and terrible happened in Nazi Germany. This most sinister of somethings is referred to in German as Reichskristallnacht, but English readers know it best as "Crystal Night" or the "Night of Broken Glass." This senseless pogrom was purportedly initiated by the Nazis and led by the Brownshirts. Most historians agree that it was initiated by Adolf Hitler and/or Dr. Goebbels, ordered into action by Heinrich Muller and Reinhard Heydrich, and carried out by the SS, SA, and regular police. Crystal Night is also commonly pushed by mainstream historians as "the first in a series of anti-Jewish actions" which "culminated in the Holocaust." The Nazis' motive? Revenge. Revenge for the murder of Ernst vom Rath by the young Jewish assassin Herschel Grynzspan. You read that correctly. Mainstream historians want us to believe that the Nazis threw everything they had achieved up to that point "to the wind" to punish a single act by a single Jewish person. Needless to say, I and my research colleague, Ms. Kuzniar, tear this baseless chronicle to shreds. Copyright(c)2016 Wilk Mocy Publishers. All Rights Reserved."
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 402 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Germany
ISBN : 1616190000
In November 1938, Hershel Grynszpan, a dissident Polish Jew, assassinated the third secretary of the German embassy in Paris, Ernst vom Rath. The Nazis used this event to instigate a huge pogrom, the Reichskristallnacht or Crystal Night Pogrom, resulting in the destruction of synagogues, breaking of windows of Jewish shops (hence the name of the pogrom), arrest and confinement of thousands of Jews in concentration camps, as well as the levy of a fine of one billion marks upon the Jewish community. A discussion of the event by Nazi leaders under the chairmanship of Marshal Hermann Goering began to outline some of the major features of the "Final Solution." Included is documentation on foreign reaction to the pogrom and plans for a show trial of Hershel Grynszpan. Contains 48 documents of source materials, carefully chosen from the thousands preserved at the U.S. National Archives.
Author : Mia Amalia Kanner
Publisher : Cis Communications
Page : 406 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 1997
Category : Concentration camps
ISBN : 1560623179
Author : Charles River Charles River Editors
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Page : 78 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2017-12-20
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 198189165X
*Includes pictures *Includes accounts of Kristallnacht written by eyewitnesses *Includes footnotes and a bibliography for further reading *Includes a table of contents "It did not take long before the first heavy grey stones came tumbling down, and the children of the village amused themselves as they flung stones into the many coloured windows. When the first rays of a cold and pale November sun penetrated the heavy dark clouds, the little synagogue was but a heap of stone, broken glass and smashed-up woodwork." - Eric Lucas' description of the destruction of a synagogue during Kristallnacht On the 40th anniversary of Kristallnacht, Germany's night of broken glass, then chancellor of Germany Helmut Schmidt spoke of its legacy, "The German night, whose observance after the passage of forty years has brought us together today, remains a cause of bitterness and shame. In those places where the houses of God stood in flames, where a signal from those in power set of a train of destruction and robbery, of humiliation, abduction and incarceration- there was an end to peace, to justice, to humanity. The night of 9 November 1938 marked one of the stages along the path leading down to hell." The hell that Schmidt spoke of was the persecution and attempted elimination of the Jewish people from Europe itself as envisioned by Adolf Hitler and the Nazi leadership he brought to power in Germany during the 1930s. On the night of November 9, 1938, an organized show of force against Jewish businesses and private homes occurred throughout German cities and recently annexed territories in Austria and the Sudetenland. This night would mark a turning point in the lives of not only Jews but all people of the time, marking a clear new path of violence, destruction, and persecution for Jews throughout Europe in the years to follow. Though German Jews had been discriminated against in many forms for as long as the German nation existed, Kristallnacht is widely viewed as the key point in the chronology of Jewish persecution, and many historians consider it to be the beginning of the Holocaust itself. With the condoned and even coordinated violence of Kristallnacht, a new and unprecedented era of anti-Jewish sentiment and action began. The name Kristallnacht is in itself controversial. The origin of the term, which translates as the night of crystal or the night of broken glass, is unknown. There has been conjecture that the Nazi propaganda minister, Josef Goebbels himself, coined the term, but there is now considerable concern in Germany over anything that might seem to make light of or minimize the events of the Holocaust, so the name Kristallnacht is not favored. Instead, the November Pogrom or Reich Pogrom is the preferred term amongst German historians. As Walter Pehle, German professor of Nazi history, warns, "It is clear that the term Crystal Night serves to foster a vicious minimalizing of its memory, a discounting of grave reality: such cynical appellations function to reinterpret manslaughter and murder arson and robbery, plunder, and massive property damage, transforming these into a glistening event marked by sparkle and gleam." Rabbi Benjamin Blech sees the acceptance of the term as a way to "verbally embrace the very heresy that abetted the Holocaust" and likens it to "murder by euphemism." In fact, the Nazis themselves referred to the attacks as the "Jew Action." Though they would describe the event as a spontaneous response of good Germans who could no longer stand the intrigues of the Jews in their midst, Reichskristallnacht, or the November pogrom, was not only allowed but fueled and encouraged by Nazi leaders in an effort to remove the Jews politically, economically, socially, and even physically from German life and culture. Kristallnacht: The History and Legacy of Nazi Germany's Most Notorious Pogrom analyzes one of the most controversial events in pre-war Germany.