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Cyber-Physical Attacks: A Growing Invisible Threat presents the growing list of harmful uses of computers and their ability to disable cameras, turn off a building’s lights, make a car veer off the road, or a drone land in enemy hands. In essence, it details the ways cyber-physical attacks are replacing physical attacks in crime, warfare, and terrorism. The book explores how attacks using computers affect the physical world in ways that were previously only possible through physical means. Perpetrators can now cause damage without the same risk, and without the political, social, or moral outrage that would follow a more overt physical attack. Readers will learn about all aspects of this brave new world of cyber-physical attacks, along with tactics on how to defend against them. The book provides an accessible introduction to the variety of cyber-physical attacks that have already been employed or are likely to be employed in the near future. Demonstrates how to identify and protect against cyber-physical threats Written for undergraduate students and non-experts, especially physical security professionals without computer science background Suitable for training police and security professionals Provides a strong understanding of the different ways in which a cyber-attack can affect physical security in a broad range of sectors Includes online resources for those teaching security management
Cyber-Physical Systems Security by Çetin Kaya Koç Pdf
The chapters in this book present the work of researchers, scientists, engineers, and teachers engaged with developing unified foundations, principles, and technologies for cyber-physical security. They adopt a multidisciplinary approach to solving related problems in next-generation systems, representing views from academia, government bodies, and industrial partners, and their contributions discuss current work on modeling, analyzing, and understanding cyber-physical systems.
Security of Cyber-Physical Systems: State Estimation and Control by Chengwei Wu,Weiran Yao,Guanghui Sun,Ligang Wu Pdf
This book analyzes the secure problems of cyber-physical systems from both the adversary and defender sides. Targeting the challenging security problems of cyber-physical systems under malicious attacks, this book presents some recent novel secure state estimation and control algorithms, in which moving target defense scheme, zero-sum game-theoretical approach, reinforcement learning, neural networks, and intelligent control are adopted. Readers will find not only the valuable secure state estimation and control schemes combined with the approaches aforementioned, but also some vital conclusions for securing cyber-physical systems, for example, the critical value of allowed attack probability, the maximum number of sensors to be attacked, etc. The book also provides practical applications, example of which are unmanned aerial vehicles, interruptible power system, and robot arm to validate the proposed secure algorithms. Given its scope, it offers a valuable resource for undergraduate and graduate students, academics, scientists, and engineers who are working in this field.
Detection of False Data Injection Attacks in Smart Grid Cyber-Physical Systems by Beibei Li,Rongxing Lu,Gaoxi Xiao Pdf
This book discusses cybersecurity issues of smart grid cyber-physical systems, focusing on the detection techniques against false data injection attacks. The authors discuss passive and proactive techniques that combat and mitigate two categories of false data injection attacks, false measurement data injections and false command data injections in smart grid cyber-physical systems. These techniques are easy to follow for either professionals or beginners. With this book, readers can quickly get an overview of this topic and get ideas of new solutions for false data injections in smart grid cyber-physical systems. Readers include researchers, academics, students, and professionals. Presents a comprehensive summary for the detection techniques of false data injection attacks in smart grid cyber-physical systems; Reviews false data injections for either measurement data or command data; Analyzes passive and proactive approaches to smart grid cyber-physical systems.
Security of Cyber-Physical Systems by Hadis Karimipour,Pirathayini Srikantha,Hany Farag,Jin Wei-Kocsis Pdf
This book presents a comprehensive overview of security issues in Cyber Physical Systems (CPSs), by analyzing the issues and vulnerabilities in CPSs and examining state of the art security measures. Furthermore, this book proposes various defense strategies including intelligent attack and anomaly detection algorithms. Today’s technology is continually evolving towards interconnectivity among devices. This interconnectivity phenomenon is often referred to as Internet of Things (IoT). IoT technology is used to enhance the performance of systems in many applications. This integration of physical and cyber components within a system is associated with many benefits; these systems are often referred to as Cyber Physical Systems (CPSs). The CPSs and IoT technologies are used in many industries critical to our daily lives. CPSs have the potential to reduce costs, enhance mobility and independence of patients, and reach the body using minimally invasive techniques. Although this interconnectivity of devices can pave the road for immense advancement in technology and automation, the integration of network components into any system increases its vulnerability to cyber threats. Using internet networks to connect devices together creates access points for adversaries. Considering the critical applications of some of these devices, adversaries have the potential of exploiting sensitive data and interrupting the functionality of critical infrastructure. Practitioners working in system security, cyber security & security and privacy will find this book valuable as a reference. Researchers and scientists concentrating on computer systems, large-scale complex systems, and artificial intelligence will also find this book useful as a reference.
Cybersecurity for Hospitals and Healthcare Facilities by Luis Ayala Pdf
Learn how to detect and prevent the hacking of medical equipment at hospitals and healthcare facilities. A cyber-physical attack on building equipment pales in comparison to the damage a determined hacker can do if he/she gains access to a medical-grade network as a medical-grade network controls the diagnostic, treatment, and life support equipment on which lives depend. News reports inform us how hackers strike hospitals with ransomware that prevents staff from accessing patient records or scheduling appointments. Unfortunately, medical equipment also can be hacked and shut down remotely as a form of extortion. Criminal hackers will not ask for a $500 payment to unlock an MRI, PET or CT scan, or X-ray machine—they will ask for much more. Litigation is bound to follow and the resulting punitive awards will drive up hospital insurance costs and healthcare costs in general. This will undoubtedly result in increased regulations for hospitals and higher costs for compliance. Unless hospitals and other healthcare facilities take the steps necessary to secure their medical-grade networks, they will be targeted for cyber-physical attack, possibly with life-threatening consequences. Cybersecurity for Hospitals and Healthcare Facilities is a wake-up call explaining what hackers can do, why hackers would target a hospital, the way hackers research a target, ways hackers can gain access to a medical-grade network (cyber-attack vectors), and ways hackers hope to monetize their cyber-attack. By understanding and detecting the threats, you can take action now—before your hospital becomes the next victim. What You Will Learn: Determine how vulnerable hospital and healthcare building equipment is to cyber-physical attack Identify possible ways hackers can hack hospital and healthcare facility equipment Recognize the cyber-attack vectors—or paths by which a hacker or cracker can gain access to a computer, a medical-grade network server, or expensive medical equipment in order to deliver a payload or malicious outcome Detect and prevent man-in-the-middle or denial-of-service cyber-attacks Find and prevent hacking of the hospital database and hospital web application Who This Book Is For: Hospital administrators, healthcare professionals, hospital & healthcare facility engineers and building managers, hospital & healthcare facility IT professionals, and HIPAA professionals
Cyber-Physical Attack Recovery Procedures by Luis Ayala Pdf
This book provides a template with step-by-step instructions on how to respond and recover when hackers get into your SCADA system and cause building equipment to act erratically or fail completely. When hackers shut off the water, turn off the building power, disable the sewage effluent pumps and activate the fire alarm, you have to do something quick. It is even more alarming that hackers can do all those things at the same time—even from the other side of the planet. Not every equipment failure or power outage is a cyber-physical attack. When your building is attacked, you probably won’t suspect it was a hacker—until you see a pattern. The building control system (BCS) will act "squirrelly" and you will know—it really is a cyber-physical attack. Once a cyber-physical attack occurs, it can mean years of court cases, job losses, higher insurance rates, and maybe even criminal litigation. It also takes years to overcome the loss of safety credibility to your employees and the local community. Cyber-Physical Attack Recovery Procedures provides a detailed guide to taking the right steps ahead of time, and equipping your facility and employees with the training, knowledge, and tools they need and may save lives. The book contains: A one-of-a-kind action plan describing how hackers attack building equipment, the extent of damage possible, and how to respond when a cyber-physical attack occurs. Detailed descriptions of cyber-physical attacks directed against SCADA systems or building controls, as well as cyber booby traps Invaluable appendices, including: Emergency Procedures, Team Staffing and Tasking, Alternate Site Procedures, a Documentation List, Software and Hardware Inventories, Vendor Contact Lists, External Support Agreements, and much more. What you’ll learn Possible ways hackers can cause building equipment to fail. How to quickly assess the threat to his facilities in real time, how to stop a cyber-physical attack. How to restore equipment operation without doing any more damage. Who This Book Is For Architects, Engineers, Building Managers, Students, Researchers and Consultants interested in cybersecurity-attacks against facilities in the real world. Also for IT professionals getting involved in cybersecurity responsibilities.
Handbook on Securing Cyber-Physical Critical Infrastructure by Sajal K Das,Krishna Kant,Nan Zhang Pdf
The worldwide reach of the Internet allows malicious cyber criminals to coordinate and launch attacks on both cyber and cyber-physical infrastructure from anywhere in the world. This purpose of this handbook is to introduce the theoretical foundations and practical solution techniques for securing critical cyber and physical infrastructures as well as their underlying computing and communication architectures and systems. Examples of such infrastructures include utility networks (e.g., electrical power grids), ground transportation systems (automotives, roads, bridges and tunnels), airports and air traffic control systems, wired and wireless communication and sensor networks, systems for storing and distributing water and food supplies, medical and healthcare delivery systems, as well as financial, banking and commercial transaction assets. The handbook focus mostly on the scientific foundations and engineering techniques – while also addressing the proper integration of policies and access control mechanisms, for example, how human-developed policies can be properly enforced by an automated system. Addresses the technical challenges facing design of secure infrastructures by providing examples of problems and solutions from a wide variety of internal and external attack scenarios Includes contributions from leading researchers and practitioners in relevant application areas such as smart power grid, intelligent transportation systems, healthcare industry and so on Loaded with examples of real world problems and pathways to solutions utilizing specific tools and techniques described in detail throughout
Cyber-Physical Security by Robert M. Clark,Simon Hakim Pdf
This book focuses on the vulnerabilities of state and local services to cyber-threats and suggests possible protective action that might be taken against such threats. Cyber-threats to U.S. critical infrastructure are of growing concern to policymakers, managers and consumers. Information and communications technology (ICT) is ubiquitous and many ICT devices and other components are interdependent; therefore, disruption of one component may have a negative, cascading effect on others. Cyber-attacks might include denial of service, theft or manipulation of data. Damage to critical infrastructure through a cyber-based attack could have a significant impact on the national security, the economy, and the livelihood and safety of many individual citizens. Traditionally cyber security has generally been viewed as being focused on higher level threats such as those against the internet or the Federal government. Little attention has been paid to cyber-security at the state and local level. However, these governmental units play a critical role in providing services to local residents and consequently are highly vulnerable to cyber-threats. The failure of these services, such as waste water collection and water supply, transportation, public safety, utility services, and communication services, would pose a great threat to the public. Featuring contributions from leading experts in the field, this volume is intended for state and local government officials and managers, state and Federal officials, academics, and public policy specialists.
Industrial Internet of Things and Cyber-Physical Systems: Transforming the Conventional to Digital by Kumar, Pardeep,Ponnusamy, Vasaki,Jain, Vishal Pdf
With the help of artificial intelligence, machine learning, and big data analytics, the internet of things (IoT) is creating partnerships within industry where machines, processes, and humans communicate with one another. As this radically changes traditional industrial operations, this results in the rapid design, cheap manufacture, and effective customization of products. Answering the growing demand of customers and their preferences has become a challenge for such partnerships. Industrial Internet of Things and Cyber-Physical Systems: Transforming the Conventional to Digital is a collection of innovative research that discusses development, implementation, and business impacts of IoT technologies on sustainable societal development and improved life quality. Highlighting a wide range of topics such as green technologies, wireless networks, and IoT policy, this book is ideally designed for technology developers, entrepreneurs, industrialists, programmers, engineers, technicians, researchers, academicians, and students.
Cyber Physical Systems Approach to Smart Electric Power Grid by Siddhartha Kumar Khaitan,James D. McCalley,Chen Ching Liu Pdf
This book documents recent advances in the field of modeling, simulation, control, security and reliability of Cyber- Physical Systems (CPS) in power grids. The aim of this book is to help the reader gain insights into working of CPSs and understand their potential in transforming the power grids of tomorrow. This book will be useful for all those who are interested in design of cyber-physical systems, be they students or researchers in power systems, CPS modeling software developers, technical marketing professionals and business policy-makers.
Safe and Secure Cyber-Physical Systems and Internet-of-Things Systems by Marilyn Wolf,Dimitrios Serpanos Pdf
This book provides the first comprehensive view of safe and secure CPS and IoT systems. The authors address in a unified manner both safety (physical safety of operating equipment and devices) and computer security (correct and sound information), which are traditionally separate topics, practiced by very different people. Offers readers a unified view of safety and security, from basic concepts through research challenges; Provides a detailed comparison of safety and security methodologies; Describes a comprehensive threat model including attacks, design errors, and faults; Identifies important commonalities and differences in safety and security engineering.
Quantum Cryptography and the Future of Cyber Security by Chaubey, Nirbhay Kumar,Prajapati, Bhavesh B. Pdf
The shortcomings of modern cryptography and its weaknesses against computers that are becoming more powerful necessitate serious consideration of more robust security options. Quantum cryptography is sound, and its practical implementations are becoming more mature. Many applications can use quantum cryptography as a backbone, including key distribution, secure direct communications, large prime factorization, e-commerce, e-governance, quantum internet, and more. For this reason, quantum cryptography is gaining interest and importance among computer and security professionals. Quantum Cryptography and the Future of Cyber Security is an essential scholarly resource that provides the latest research and advancements in cryptography and cyber security through quantum applications. Highlighting a wide range of topics such as e-commerce, machine learning, and privacy, this book is ideal for security analysts, systems engineers, software security engineers, data scientists, vulnerability analysts, professionals, academicians, researchers, security professionals, policymakers, and students.
What is a cyber-physical attack? A cyber-physical attack is one in which a wholly digital attack against Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) caused physical destruction of equipment. A cyber-physical attack is different from an enterprise network attack designed to steal money, exfiltrate information, or hold a computer hostage for ransom. Those attacks are fairly simple and can be carried out by a cyber-criminal, or even a garden variety cracker. Designing an attack scenario to exploit a particular physical process requires a solid engineering background and in-depth destructive knowledge of the target SCADA system (Cyber-Physical Attack Engineering), but a cracker doesn't need an engineering background to figure out how to turn equipment off. Basically, it's the weaponization of the Internet. A typical Industrial Controls System contains multiple control loops and sometimes the control loops are nested and/or cascading, so the set point for one loop is based on the process variable output from another loop. Supervisory control loops and lower-level loops operate continuously over the duration of a process with cycle times of milliseconds. Interrupting one process can have a ripple effect through the factory. So, what is the big deal? On December 3 1984, in Bhopal, India there was an industrial accident at a pesticide plant that immediately killed at least 3,800 people and caused significant morbidity and premature death for many thousands more. That was only one incident with a release of only 40 tons of methyl isocyanate gas. Of course, this was an accident and not a cyber-physical attack, but it should give you an idea what could happen in a worst-case scenario. Imagine you wake up in the morning and go the bathroom. You turn on the faucet and nothing happens. You go back to the bedroom and the clock is flashing 12:00. You hit the power button on the TV remote and nothing happens. It's a little warm in the house, but the air conditioning won't work. Then you realize that though the sun is out and it's a normal weekday, you don't hear any cars going by. You go outside to your car and it won't start. The cell phone has no signal and won't stay on when you power up. The toaster doesn't heat up and you have to light the gas stove with a match. It's a nice day so you walk to work and notice a line outside the supermarket, but the doors are locked. You ask why they don't open up and they say there is no power to run the cash registers. Even their backup generator won't start. None of the traffic lights work, but there are no cars on the road anyway. This is a cyber-physical attack that affects all utilities and electronic devices. If you don't know what these words mean, you may want to order a copy of this book:ASCII Armoring, Bastard Operator from Hell, Bash Bunny, Buried Treasure, Censys, Crack Root, Dancing Frog, Death Code, Demon Dialer, Disappearing Malware, Fileless Attack, Flytrap, Godzillagram, Heavy Wizardry, Internet of Shit (IoS), Joe-Job, Killer Poke, LAN Turtle, Leapfrog Attack, Malware-as-a-Service, Man-in-the-Browser Attack, Misfeature, Nested Control Loop, OOK, Patch Velocity, Perfect Forward Secrecy, Ping of Death Attack, PunkSPIDER, Rabbit Job, Rubber Ducky, Samurai, Tarball, Ten-Finger Interface, Tinkerbell Program, True-Hacker, Vadding, Voodoo Programming, Wall Follower, Wave a Dead Chicken, Whacker, Wi-Fi Pineapple, Wirehead, Yoyo Mode, Zbeba, Zipperhead, and ZoomEye. Rather than repeat much of the jargon used by engineers and cybersecurity folks here, this book contains definitions not found in the Cybersecurity Lexicon. Otherwise, this book would be twice the number of pages. If you see a word that's unfamiliar, please refer to the Cybersecurity Lexicon.
