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Author : Thomas Widlok
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 32 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2000
Category : Land tenure
ISBN : WISC:89078234705
Author : Michael J. Trebilcock
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 242 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2015
Category : Economic policy
ISBN : 9780190456948
Winner of the Donner Prize for the best book on public policy by a Canadian in 2014.Whenever governments change policies - tax, expenditure, or regulatory policies, among others - there will typically be losers: people or groups who relied upon and invested in physical, financial, or human capital predicated on, or even deliberately induced by the pre-reform set of policies. Theissue of whether and when to mitigate the costs associated with policy changes, either through explicit government compensation, grandfathering, phased or postponed implementation, is ubiquitous across the policy landscape. Much of the existing literature covers government takings, yet compensationfor expropriation comprises merely a tiny part of the universe of such strategies.Dealing with Losers: The Political Economy of Policy Transitions explores both normative and political rationales for transition cost mitigation strategies and explains which strategies might create an aggregate, overall enhancement in societal welfare beyond mere compensation. Professor Michael J.Trebilcock highlights the political rationales for mitigating such costs and the ability of potential losers to mobilize and obstruct socially beneficial changes in the absence of well-crafted transition cost mitigation strategies. This book explores the political economy of transition costmitigation strategies in a wide variety of policy contexts including public pensions, U.S. home mortgage interest deductions, immigration, trade liberalization, agricultural supply management, and climate change, providing tested examples and realistic strategies for genuine policy reform.
Author : Robert A. Simons,Rachel M. Malmgren,Garrick Small
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 303 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2009-01-07
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780387779386
Sponsored by the American Real Estate Society (ARES), Indigenous Peoples and Real Estate Valuation addresses a wide variety of timely issues relating to property ownership, rights, and use, including: ancestral burial, historical record of occupancy, treaty implementation problems, eminent domain, the effects of large governmental change, financing projects under formal and informal title or deed document systems, exclusive ownership vs. non-exclusive use rights, public land ownership, tribal or family land claims, insurgency and war, legal systems of ownership, prior government expropriation of lands, moral obligation to indigenous peoples, colonial occupation, and common land leases. These issues can also be broadly grouped into topics, such as conflict between indigenous and western property rights, communal land ownership, land transfer by force, legacy issues related to past colonization and apartheid, and metaphysical/indigenous land value.
Author : Kenneth Ruddle,Arif Satria
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 188 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2010-09-08
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789048195558
Besides the erroneous assumption that tropical fisheries are ‘open access’, the cases demonstrate that pre-existing systems (1) are concerned with the community of fishers and ensuring community harmony and continuity; (2) involve flexible, multiple and overlapping rights adapted to changing needs and circumstances; (3) that fisheries are just one component of a community resource assemblage and depend on both the good management of linked upstream ecosystems and risk management to ensure balanced nutritional resources of the community; and (4) pre-existing systems are greatly affected by a constellation of interacting external pressures.
Author : Swallow, B.M.,Bromley, D.W.
Publisher : ILRI (aka ILCA and ILRAD)
Page : 4 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2024-06-23
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 8210379456XXX
Author : Heiko Breit,Anita Engels,Timothy Moss,Markus Troja
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 497 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9783322809360
How do institutions change? What can we learn about possibilities of and barriers to induced institutional changes? Where are potentials for more reflexive and more enduring processes of social learning? Die englischsprachigen Beiträge gehen der Frage nach institutionellem Wandel in lokalen und globalen uweltrelevanten Kontexten nach.
Author : Sandra F. Joireman
Publisher : Universal-Publishers
Page : 352 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 1997-07
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781581120004
Traditional theories of property rights change have posited an evolutionary progression of property rights towards private property in response to changes in the relative price ratio of land compared to the other factors of production. Using case studies from two areas of Ethiopia and one area of Eritrea the dissertation demonstrates the role of political factors such as interest group preference and state intervention in directing property rights development away from a linear path. The case studies trace the development of three separate systems of property rights throughout the twentieth century up to the Ethiopian revolution of 1974. Analysis of history and litigation in the three areas demonstrates that in none did property rights evolve spontaneously towards privatization. In one area of the study relative price changes did not lead to changes in the system of property rights as the theory predicts. In the other two areas, changes in property rights followed a change in the relative price of land, but these changes were brought about exogenously, by the intervention of the government or interest groups in guiding property rights in a particular direction. There are two theoretical conclusions to the study 1) property rights development does not always occur when we expect it to, other factors such as vested interests and government reluctance can intervene with their development and 2) even if property rights do change in response to relative price changes, they may not always move towards privatization or greater specification. In addition, one interesting empirical result of the research was that in communal systems of land tenure the transaction costs of land transfer are higher, leading to a drag on economic efficiency in the overall economy of the region. Generally, the incorporation of political factors into the model of changing property rights leads to a less parsimonious, but more accurate description of the progression of land rights in developing countries in particular.
Author : Robin Connor,Stephen Dovers
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
Page : 262 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2004-01-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781843769675
. . . this book makes an interesting and worthwhile contribution to the ever-expanding body of literature on sustainable development and therefore is to be recommended. Karen Scott, Journal of Environmental Law . . . this is an essential text for the study of sustainability and institutional change, an invaluable professional development text for the practitioner, and a text to ponder slowly in all its complexities for an academic study of sustainability. Kate Crowley, Australian Journal of Environmental Management Does the road to sustainable development run through institutional reform or, better yet, institutional learning? In this well-argued book, Robin Connor and Stephen Dovers draw on a range of case studies to demonstrate the critical role that institutions play in determining the course of human environment relations. Oran R. Young, University of California, Santa Barbara, US Connor and Dovers correctly argue that achieving sustainability is a long-term process. In this context, they analyze broad institutional innovations toward sustainability to date from Europe to New Zealand, from sustainability councils to property rights to suggest how the historical process might be improved and accelerated. This is among the most constructive efforts I have read. Richard B. Norgaard, University of California, Berkeley, US It is clear that the transition to ecologically sustainable patterns of development requires significant institutional change, yet we face a paradox. Although institutions are the primary means of driving reform, they are themselves a root cause of unsustainable development and a barrier to positive change. This volume moves beyond the current debate by advancing our understanding of the nature of institutional change, the features of more appropriate institutional settings, and the manner in which change can be enabled. Institutional Change for Sustainable Development presents a flexible, accessible, yet robust conceptual framework for comprehending institutional dimensions of sustainability, emphasising the complexity of institutional systems, and highlighting the interdependence between policy learning and institutional change. This framework is applied and developed through the analysis of five significant arenas of institutional and policy change: environmental policy in the EU; New Zealand s landmark Resource Management Act; strategic environmental assessment; emerging National Councils for Sustainable Development; and transformative property rights instruments. From these explorations, key principles for institutional change are identified, including the institutional accommodation of a sustainability discourse, the interdependence of normative and institutional change; reiteration and learning; integration in policy and practice; subsidiarity; and legal change. Institutional Change for Sustainable Development will be of interest to researchers, policymakers and practitioners concerned with sustainability, resource management and environmental policy.
Author : Henri A.L. Dekker
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 277 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2018-06-08
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781351770019
This title was first published in 2003. Many former communist republics strive to adopt a market economy in which the privatisation of landed property is a key element. Generally, it is expected that by doing so, economic development will take off, improving food security and decreasing rural poverty. The relationship between changing land regulations, economic development and poverty is complex and yet little understood. With land reform, governments in transitional economies expect to achieve economic growth and thus alleviation of rural poverty. Nowadays, there is ample research to prove that, to be effective, land policy reforms need to be complemented with institutional reforms, and rural development activities. It puts forward a model for rapid assessment of project progress in which macro-economic indicators are applied in a systematic way to give insight to concepts such as land tenure security and food security and to provide warning signals for less-desired developments as a result of project implementation.
Author : Willy H. Verheye
Publisher : EOLSS Publishers Co.
Page : 344 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2009-09-09
Category : Land use
ISBN : 9781848262355
This Encyclopedia of Land Use, Land Cover and Soil Sciences is a component of the global Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), which is an integrated compendium of twenty one Encyclopedias. Land is one of our most precious assets. It represents space, provides food and shelter, stores and filters water, and it is a base for urban and industrial development, road construction, leisure and many other social activities. Land is, however not unlimited in extent, and even when it is physically available its use is not necessarily free, either because of natural limitations (too cold, too steep, too wet or too dry, etc.) or because of constraints of access or land tenure. This 7-volume set contains several chapters, each of size 5000-30000 words, with perspectives, applications and extensive illustrations. It carries state-of-the-art knowledge in the fields of Land Use, Land Cover and Soil Sciences and is aimed, by virtue of the several applications, at the following five major target audiences: University and College Students, Educators, Professional Practitioners, Research Personnel and Policy Analysts, Managers, and Decision Makers and NGOs.
Author : Tobias Haller
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 472 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2010-07-15
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9789004185371
African Floodplains in semi-arid areas are important for local livelihoods but are under pressure and contested. Case studies from Mali, Cameroon, Tanzania, Zambia and Botswana present the change in the management of common pool resources in these wetlands and provide a comparative new-institutionalist analysis.
Author : Michael H. Glantz
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 212 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2013-06-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642850264
The past two decades have seen a remarkable broadening of interest in global warming from a research concern on the part of a limited number of scientists to a political problem on a worldwide scale. The nature of this transformation would itself be a fruitful study for a mixed team of social scientists and natural scientists. It would be valuable to assess the differing nature of the staging posts along this road: the First World Climate Conference in 1979, which was a meeting of scientists talking to scientists; the Villach Assessment of 1985, which was a meeting of scientists whose report was given attention by the policy advisers of a number of governments; the Second World Climate Conference of 1990, which consisted of a scientific meeting followed by a Ministerial Meeting; and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change of 1992 signed by 158 countries at the UN Conference on Environment and Development in June 1992. The present publication is a welcome contribution of the followup to UNCED. By focusing on a specific problem, it avoids the pitfall of undue generalization and provides the basis for fruitful discussion between natural scientists, social scientists, and policymakers. To choose as the area of concentration a particular scale also helped to produce meaningful discussion likely to lead to action.
Author : J. Mark Baker
Publisher : University of Washington Press
Page : 294 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2011-06-01
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780295800912
In the Kangra Valley of India's western Himalaya, farmers have for centuries relied on community-managed kuhl systems - intricate networks of collectively built and maintained irrigation channels - for their rice and wheat farming. Over the years, earthquakes and floods have repeatedly destroyed villagers' kuhls. More recently, increasing nonfarm employment has drawn labor away from kuhl maintenance and from farming itself. Prevailing theories of common property resource management suggest that such conditions should cause the kuhls to die out; instead, most have beentransformed and remain alive and well. In this book, Mark Baker offers a comprehensive explanation for the durability of the kuhls of Kangra in the face of recurring environmental shocks and socioeconomic change. In addition to describing how farmers use and organize the kuhls, he employs varied lines of theory and empirical data to account for the persistence of most kuhls (and the demise of a few) in the late twentieth century. Into his explanatory framework he incorporates the history of regional politics and economics as they affected kuhls during the precolonial, colonial, and postcolonial periods; the role of state involvement in kuhl construction and management; the benefits of exchanges of labor and water among members of networked kuhls; and the ways in which kuhl systems are embedded in and reproduce core cultural beliefs and practices. Scholars interested in common property resource regimes have long focused on self-organizing, community-based irrigation systems. Yet their theories cannot entirely account for the durability of common property regimes under the extreme conditions of ecological stress, economic change, and social differentiation that exist in Kangra. Baker adds new dimensions to such theories by reaching beyond them to incorporate "exogenous" factors such as the roles statemaking practices play in common property resource regimes, the importance of networks in buffering individual resource regimes from environmental stress, and the ways in which regimes are sites for reproducing and occasionally contesting the relations that constitute place and region. In doing so, he advances a new way of thinking about community-based systems of resource management--a timely subject given recent trends in many countries toward the devolution of authority over natural resource management from government to rural communities.
Author : D.A. Fuchs
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 202 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2003-02-28
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 1402010028
This book explores an institutional framework for environmental governance. Starting from the assumption that governments can facilitate the sustainability of resource management by state and non-state actors through the structuring of decision contexts, the analyses combined in the book explore determinants of environmental stewardship with particular emphasis on the structure and quality of property rights. In pursuit of their objectives, the analyses build on previous research on determinants of environmental quality, critically examine findings and claims on the existence of an environmental Kuznets curve, and draw linkages to the literatures on government capacity and collective action. In addition, the book substantially extends the state of the knowledge on the environmental implications of property rights, integrating economic and political dimensions and establishing links between previously unconnected research areas in environmental politics, environmental economics, and resource management.
Author : Oran R. Young
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 244 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0262740249
A study that lays the foundation for cumulative research on the roles institutions play in causing and confronting environmental changes.