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A study of fetal health from the seventeenth century to the present day (focusing principally upon European and North American populations), this is the first book to offer a historical perspective on the subject and to combine both medical history and demographic research, using long-term and comparative perspectives.
Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Committee on Improving Birth Outcomes
Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Committee on Improving Birth Outcomes Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 270 pages File Size : 41,8 Mb Release : 2003-10-27 Category : Medical ISBN : 9780309166836
Reducing Birth Defects by Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Committee on Improving Birth Outcomes Pdf
Each year more than 4 million children are born with birth defects. This book highlights the unprecedented opportunity to improve the lives of children and families in developing countries by preventing some birth defects and reducing the consequences of others. A number of developing countries with more comprehensive health care systems are making significant progress in the prevention and care of birth defects. In many other developing countries, however, policymakers have limited knowledge of the negative impact of birth defects and are largely unaware of the affordable and effective interventions available to reduce the impact of certain conditions. Reducing Birth Defects: Meeting the Challenge in the Developing World includes descriptions of successful programs and presents a plan of action to address critical gaps in the understanding, prevention, and treatment of birth defects in developing countries. This study also recommends capacity building, priority research, and institutional and global efforts to reduce the incidence and impact of birth defects in developing countries.
State Definitions and Reporting Requirements for Live Births, Fetal Deaths, and Induced Terminations of Pregnancy by National Center for Health Statistics (U.S.) Pdf
Author : World Health Organization Publisher : World Health Organization Page : 210 pages File Size : 52,8 Mb Release : 2018-06-25 Category : Medical ISBN : 9789241550215
WHO Recommendations on Intrapartum Care for a Positive Childbirth Experience by World Health Organization Pdf
This up-to-date comprehensive and consolidated guideline on essential intrapartum care brings together new and existing WHO recommendations that when delivered as a package will ensure good-quality and evidence-based care irrespective of the setting or level of health care. The recommendations presented in this guideline are neither country nor region specific and acknowledge the variations that exist globally as to the level of available health services within and between countries. The guideline highlights the importance of woman-centred care to optimize the experience of labour and childbirth for women and their babies through a holistic human rights-based approach. It introduces a global model of intrapartum care which takes into account the complexity and diverse nature of prevailing models of care and contemporary practice. The recommendations in this guideline are intended to inform the development of relevant national- and local-level health policies and clinical protocols. Therefore the target audience includes national and local public health policy-makers implementers and managers of maternal and child health programmes health care facility managers nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) professional societies involved in the planning and management of maternal and child health services health care professionals (including nurses midwives general medical practitioners and obstetricians) and academic staff involved in training health care professionals.
The history of fetal health & mortality remains a neglected area. Medical historians have focused on maternal mortality & professional conflicts between midwives, while among the social scientists demographers & epidemiologists have until recently devoted most of their attention to infants and children.
WHO Recommendations on Antenatal Care for a Positive Pregnancy Experience by World Health Organization Pdf
Within the continuum of reproductive health care, antenatal care provides a platform for important health-care functions, including health promotion, screening and diagnosis, and disease prevention. It has been established that, by implementing timely and appropriate evidence-based practices, antenatal care can save lives. Endorsed by the United Nations Secretary-General, this is a comprehensive WHO guideline on routine antenatal care for pregnant women and adolescent girls. It aims to complement existing WHO guidelines on the management of specific pregnancy-related complications. The guidance captures the complex nature of the antenatal care issues surrounding healthcare practices and delivery, and prioritizes person-centered health and well-being --- not only the prevention of death and morbidity --- in accordance with a human rights-based approach.
In nine lively essays, bioethicist J. David Velleman challenges the prevailing consensus about assisted suicide and reproductive technology, articulating an original approach to the ethics of creating and ending human lives. He argues that assistance in dying is appropriate only at the point where talk of suicide is not, and he raises moral objections to anonymous donor conception. In their place, Velleman champions a morality of valuing personhood over happiness in making end-of-life decisions, and respecting the personhood of future children in making decisions about procreation. These controversial views are defended with philosophical rigor while remaining accessible to the general reader. Written over Velleman's 30 years of undergraduate teaching in bioethics, the essays have never before been collected and made available to a non-academic audience. They will open new lines of debate on issues of intense public interest.
Science and Babies by Institute of Medicine,Suzanne Wymelenberg Pdf
By all indicators, the reproductive health of Americans has been deteriorating since 1980. Our nation is troubled by rates of teen pregnancies and newborn deaths that are worse than almost all others in the Western world. Science and Babies is a straightforward presentation of the major reproductive issues we face that suggests answers for the public. The book discusses how the clash of opinions on sex and family planning prevents us from making a national commitment to reproductive health; why people in the United States have fewer contraceptive choices than those in many other countries; what we need to do to improve social and medical services for teens and people living in poverty; how couples should "shop" for a fertility service and make consumer-wise decisions; and what we can expect in the futureâ€"featuring interesting accounts of potential scientific advances.
When a twin dies during pregnancy, this experience can leave a vague but profound sense of loss in the mind of the survivor. In this book is reflected current, ground-breaking research into the death of a twin, both at birth and before, plus stories and poetry written by the survivors themselves. This extraordinary collection of twenty articles about the death of a twin from a variety of perspectives reveals the astonishing truth of how it can actually feel to be the survivor when your twin has died in the womb. Recent research has shown that as many as one in eight people are the sole survivors of a twin pregnancy, and many of them have no proof of ever having had a twin. Ultrasound scanning now reveals that many more tiny twins are lost in the womb than was ever thought possible. The editor is Althea Hayton, who is director of "wombtwin.com," an internet- based research project. She provides information, help and psychological support for the sole survivors of twin or multiple pregnancies. Michael J. Shea, Ph.D. of the Santa Barbara Graduate Institute says about this book; "This is a great addition to a psychological understanding of prenatal development and gives a comprehensive view from a wide variety of experts in the field. A must read for anyone interested in pre- and perinatal psychology, and especially anyone who thinks they may have had a twin." Some of these chapters will be of particular interest to pregnant women who have experienced "vanishing twin" syndrome. Therapists and psychologists who are studying the pre-birth origins of various psychological conditions such as depression, blocked grieving or suicidal thoughts will find the case studies in this book very enlightening. The personal accounts of the loss of a twin before birth are of interest to all, and raise some important issues about the nature of pre-born consciousness. It seems that we all carry some vague impressions of our life in the womb, and surviving twins have a particularly interesting story to tell.
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Children, Youth, and Families,Committee on Assessing Health Outcomes by Birth Settings
Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Children, Youth, and Families,Committee on Assessing Health Outcomes by Birth Settings Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 369 pages File Size : 50,6 Mb Release : 2020-05-01 Category : Social Science ISBN : 9780309669825
Birth Settings in America by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Children, Youth, and Families,Committee on Assessing Health Outcomes by Birth Settings Pdf
The delivery of high quality and equitable care for both mothers and newborns is complex and requires efforts across many sectors. The United States spends more on childbirth than any other country in the world, yet outcomes are worse than other high-resource countries, and even worse for Black and Native American women. There are a variety of factors that influence childbirth, including social determinants such as income, educational levels, access to care, financing, transportation, structural racism and geographic variability in birth settings. It is important to reevaluate the United States' approach to maternal and newborn care through the lens of these factors across multiple disciplines. Birth Settings in America: Outcomes, Quality, Access, and Choice reviews and evaluates maternal and newborn care in the United States, the epidemiology of social and clinical risks in pregnancy and childbirth, birth settings research, and access to and choice of birth settings.
Every year in the UK over 10,000 babies die before birth or shortly afterwards. For the parents, the grief is hard to bear. In this book, parents who have lost a baby tell their stories. They speak about what happened, how they felt, how they have been helped by others and how they helped themselves. Using letters from and interviews with many bereaved parents, Nancy Kohner and Alix Henley have written a book which offers understanding of what it means to lose a baby and the grief that follows. When a Baby Dies also contains valuable information about why a baby dies, hospital practices, the process of grieving, sources of support, and the care parents need in future pregnancies.
Experiencing The Soul Before Birth, During Life, After Death by Eliot Jay Rosen Pdf
In this riveting anthology 32 of the world`s foremost spiritual leaders teachers and scientific researchers share the many ways we can experience the soul. Some of the topics they discuss include meeting the unborn souls of future children, receiving communications from the souls of loved ones who have passed over soul travel into realms of light during a near death experience and much more.
Understanding Reproductive Loss by Carol Komaromy Pdf
The study of human reproduction has focused on reproductive ’success’ and on the struggle to achieve this, rather than on the much more common experience of ’failure’, or reproductive loss. Drawing on the latest research from The UK and Europe, The United States, Australia and Africa, this volume examines the experience of reproductive loss in its widest sense to include termination of pregnancy, miscarriage, stillbirth, perinatal and infant death, as well as - more broadly - the loss of desired normative experiences such as that associated with infertility, assisted reproduction and the medicalisation of 'high risk' pregnancy and birth. Exploring the commonalities, as well as issues of difference and diversity, Understanding Reproductive Loss presents international work from a variety of multi-disciplinary perspectives and will appeal to sociologists, anthropologists and other social scientists with interests in medicine, health, the body, death studies and gender.
Indonesian Academy of Sciences,National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Development, Security, and Cooperation,Joint Committee on Reducing Maternal and Neonatal Mortality in Indonesia
Author : Indonesian Academy of Sciences,National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Development, Security, and Cooperation,Joint Committee on Reducing Maternal and Neonatal Mortality in Indonesia Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 202 pages File Size : 53,7 Mb Release : 2013-12-26 Category : Medical ISBN : 9780309290791
Reducing Maternal and Neonatal Mortality in Indonesia by Indonesian Academy of Sciences,National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Development, Security, and Cooperation,Joint Committee on Reducing Maternal and Neonatal Mortality in Indonesia Pdf
The Republic of Indonesia, home to over 240 million people, is the world's fourth most populous nation. Ethnically, culturally, and economically diverse, the Indonesian people are broadly dispersed across an archipelago of more than 13,000 islands. Rapid urbanization has given rise to one megacity (Jakarta) and to 10 other major metropolitan areas. And yet about half of Indonesians make their homes in rural areas of the country. Indonesia, a signatory to the United Nations Millennium Declaration, has committed to achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). However, recent estimates suggest that Indonesia will not achieve by the target date of 2015 MDG 4 - reduction by two-thirds of the 1990 under - 5 infant mortality rate (number of children under age 5 who die per 1,000 live births) - and MDG 5 - reduction by three-quarters of the 1990 maternal mortality ratio (number of maternal deaths within 28 days of childbirth in a given year per 100,000 live births). Although much has been achieved, complex and indeed difficult challenges will have to be overcome before maternal and infant mortality are brought into the MDG-prescribed range. Reducing Maternal and Neonatal Mortality in Indonesia is a joint study by the U.S. National Academy of Sciences and the Indonesian Academy of Sciences that evaluates the quality and consistency of the existing data on maternal and neonatal mortality; devises a strategy to achieve the Millennium Development Goals related to maternal mortality, fetal mortality (stillbirths), and neonatal mortality; and identifies the highest priority interventions and proposes steps toward development of an effective implementation plan. According to the UN Human Development Index (HDI), in 2012 Indonesia ranked 121st out of 185 countries in human development. However, over the last 20 years the rate of improvement in Indonesia\'s HDI ranking has exceeded the world average. This progress may be attributable in part to the fact that Indonesia has put considerable effort into meeting the MDGs. This report is intended to be a contribution toward achieving the Millennium Development Goals.