Decentralization And Regional Disparities

Author : LI MENG
Publisher : American Academic Press
Page : 270 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2017-02-15
Category : Young Adult Fiction
ISBN : 9781631818127

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Decentralization and Regional Disparities by LI MENG Pdf

Decentralization as a method for tackling regional disparities has been implemented in countries throughout the world in the last two decades. Some scholars have noticed that decentralization is a multi-dimensional concept. However, there is still no consensus about the dimensions’ selection. In this book, based on the measurable and comparable principles, the relationships between three dimensions of fiscal, administrative and welfare decentralization are considered, and the evolution of regional inequalities in OECD countries and in China are explored. Economic data of 26 OECD countries (17 relatively rich countries, and 9 relatively poor ones) during the period from 1996 to 2009 was used to formulate regression models. It was found that fiscal decentralization, especially the decentralizing of tax authorities in relatively backward countries, has been associated with a significant rise in regional disparities. Moreover, according to the statistical results for the countries in the sample, welfare centralization and suitable local government size can lead to a reduction in regional disparities. In the case of China, data analysis and institutional one were paired in order to assess the dynamic relationships between decentralization and regional disparities (from the three dimensions mentioned above). An unstable, nonstandard and asymmetrical fiscal decentralization system directly results in regional disparities, which can be strengthened by a highly decentralized public service delivery system. In addition, rigid government size, segmented government structures and ‘yardstick’ competition mechanisms (used for creating competition among local governments) hinder coordination and cooperation in and among regions, and further exacerbate regional disparities.

Author : W. Bartlett,S. Malekovic,V. Monastiriotis,Sanja Malekovi?
Publisher : Springer
Page : 237 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2013-02-21
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781137295651

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Decentralization and Local Development in South East Europe by W. Bartlett,S. Malekovic,V. Monastiriotis,Sanja Malekovi? Pdf

Decentralisation is changing the face of South East Europe. This book provides practical analysis of the devolutionary measures reshaping post-Communist economies. Using case studies from Croatia, the former Yugoslavia, Albania and more, this collection offers valuable insights into political and fiscal redistribution.

Author : Baki Kerimoğlu
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 120 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Decentralization in government
ISBN : 9758112562

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Fiscal Decentralization by Baki Kerimoğlu Pdf

Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 212 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2021-02-23
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789264675025

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OECD Multi-level Governance Studies Decentralisation and Regionalisation in Bulgaria Towards Balanced Regional Development by OECD Pdf

Bulgaria has made solid progress in its territorial governance and socio-economic development. Yet, it has not been able to counteract large and increasing territorial disparities. Doing so will require addressing remaining structural challenges that may be limiting further transformation, government performance and regional resilience.

Author : Shenggen Fan,Ravi Kanbur,Xiaobo Zhang
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 273 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2009-04
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781135972257

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Regional Inequality in China by Shenggen Fan,Ravi Kanbur,Xiaobo Zhang Pdf

As regional inequality looms large in the policy debate in China, this volume brings together a selection of papers from authors whose work has had real impact on policy, so that researchers and policy makers can have access to them in one place.

Author : William Gbohoui,W. Raphael Lam,Victor Duarte Lledo
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 41 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2019-05-02
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781498312837

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The Great Divide: Regional Inequality and Fiscal Policy by William Gbohoui,W. Raphael Lam,Victor Duarte Lledo Pdf

Growing regional inequality within countries has raised the perception that “some places and people” are left behind. This has prompted a shift toward inward-looking policies and away from pro-growth reforms. This paper presents novel stylized facts on regional inequality for OECD countries. It shows that regional disparity in per-capita GDP is large (even after adjusting for regional price differences), persistent, and widening over time. The paper also finds that rising nationwide income inequality is associated with both rising within-region income inequality and widening average income across regions. The rise in inequality is related to declining incentives for interregional labor mobility, especially for poor households in lagging regions, which are estimated to reduce by as much as one-third in the United States. Against these facts, the paper proposes a framework to identify whether, how and by whom fiscal policies can be used to tackle regional inequality. It outlines conditions under which those policies should be spatially-targeted and illustrates how they can be complementary to conventional means-testing methods in mitigating income inequality.

Author : Oksana Dynnikova,Ms. Annette J Kyobe,Mr. Slavi T Slavov
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 42 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2021-05-20
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781513573649

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Regional Disparities and Fiscal Federalism in Russia by Oksana Dynnikova,Ms. Annette J Kyobe,Mr. Slavi T Slavov Pdf

This paper examines how regional disparities have evolved in Russia and how Russia’s system of intergovernmental fiscal relations is managing these disparities. Regional disparities have fallen over the past two decades but remain relatively high. Socioeconomic outcomes remain worse in lagging regions despite faster growth and convergence in income levels. The twin shocks of COVID-19 and lower oil prices appear to have impacted richer regions disproportionately. Compared to other large countries with federal systems of government, Russia stands out with its high reliance on direct taxes as a revenue source for its regions. Transfers from the federal budget to the regions provide some redistribution by reducing the dispersion in real per capita fiscal spending, but also tend to be associated with lower growth. The Russian fiscal system offers degrees of redistribution and risk sharing of around 26 and 18 percent, respectively—with in-kind social transfers contributing the most. Finally, federal transfers in the aggregate tend to be procyclical and are also fairly unresponsive to shocks to regions’ own revenues.

Author : Indonesian Regional Science Association. International Conference
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 376 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Decentralization in government
ISBN : UOM:39015063118486

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Regional Development in the Era of Decentralization by Indonesian Regional Science Association. International Conference Pdf

Author : Remy Prud'homme
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 43 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 1994
Category : Central-local government relations
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Dangers of Decentralization by Remy Prud'homme Pdf

Demand for decentralization is strong in most parts of the world. This close look at the negative side effects of improperly appled decentralization is not an attack on decentralization but an effort to prevent its misapplication -- and to promote fuller understanding and wiser use of this potentially desirable policy.

Author : Adiwan Fahlan Aritenang
Publisher : Flipside Digital Content Company Inc.
Page : 322 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2017-03-09
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9789814762953

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Impact of State Restructuring on Indonesia's Regional Economic Convergence by Adiwan Fahlan Aritenang Pdf

The creation of the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) in 1992 and decentralization in 1999 mark the state restructuring in Indonesia. This book analyses the impact of state restructuring on regional economic development in Indonesia between 1993 and 2010. Regional economic analysis shows persistent and severe regional disparities throughout the period. Particularly, econometrics study found that decentralization has accelerated regional disparities whilst the AFTA effect is insignificant on regional economic growth. Furthermore, historical institutionalism analysis on two cities - the manufacturing industry in Batam and the creative economy in Bandung - shows that past and embedded local institutions provide the capacity to adapt and create new development paths. The book suggests the importance of local-specific policies that embrace local knowledge and institutions to develop regional specialization and competitive advantage. This book fills the gap in Indonesian literature that lacks studies on the integrated impact of decentralization and trade liberalization, both economically and politically.

Author : Juan R. Cuadrado-Roura,Patricio Aroca
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 541 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2014-01-07
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9783642396748

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Regional Problems and Policies in Latin America by Juan R. Cuadrado-Roura,Patricio Aroca Pdf

This contributed volume is the first book in English to offer a current and critical vision of regional problems and policies in the countries of Latin America. The book is in three main parts: a general overview of regional processes and trends in Latin America as a whole; country-level coverage of seven individual countries; and comparative analyses of common major problems such as migration, education, labor, poverty, decentralization, exports and foreign direct investments. Written by renowned academics and experts from the region, the book seeks to provide a better understanding of regional challenges and trends, regional disparities that exist in many Latin American countries and the increasing importance of metropolitan areas.

Author : Jean-Paul Faguet,Caroline Pöschl
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 352 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2015
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780198737506

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Is Decentralization Good for Development? by Jean-Paul Faguet,Caroline Pöschl Pdf

"This book is a product of the Initiative for Policy Dialogue's Decentralization Task Force, and was first conceived at a conference held at Columbia University in New York in 2009"--Page vii.

Author : National Research Council,Transportation Research Board,Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Improving the Future of U.S. Cities Through Improved Metropolitan Area Governance
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 359 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 1999-09-10
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780309174183

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Governance and Opportunity in Metropolitan America by National Research Council,Transportation Research Board,Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Improving the Future of U.S. Cities Through Improved Metropolitan Area Governance Pdf

America's cities have symbolized the nation's prosperity, dynamism, and innovation. Even with the trend toward suburbanization, many central cities attract substantial new investment and employment. Within this profile of health, however, many urban areas are beset by problems of economic disparity, physical deterioration, and social distress. This volume addresses the condition of the city from the perspective of the larger metropolitan region. It offers important, thought-provoking perspectives on the structure of metropolitan-level decisionmaking, the disadvantages faced by cities and city residents, and expanding economic opportunity to all residents in a metropolitan area. The book provides data, real-world examples, and analyses in key areas: Distribution of metropolitan populations and what this means for city dwellers, suburbanites, whites, and minorities. How quality of life depends on the spatial structure of a community and how problems are based on inequalities in spatial opportunityâ€"with a focus on the relationship between taxes and services. The role of the central city today, the rationale for revitalizing central cities, and city-suburban interdependence. The book includes papers that provide in-depth examinations of zoning policy in relation to patterns of suburban development; regionalism in transportation and air quality; the geography of economic and social opportunity; social stratification in metropolitan areas; and fiscal and service disparities within metropolitan areas.

Author : Lev M. Freinkman,Plamen Yossifov
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 57 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Accounting
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Decentralization in Regional Fiscal Systems in Russia by Lev M. Freinkman,Plamen Yossifov Pdf

Abstract: April 1999 - Considering the positive impact decentralization has had on regional economic performance and expenditure structure, Russia's federal government should: Decisively protect local self-governance and budget autonomy; Make intergovernmental fiscal relations more transparent; Develop universal models of interactions between regional and municipal governments; Impose stricter limits on total debt and budget deficits of subnational governments. To shed light on decentralization in Russia, Freinkman and Yossifov examine intergovernmental fiscal relations within regions. To analyze trends, they review channels of fiscal allocation within regions-tax sharing and local transfer schemes. To evaluate the potential impact of various fiscal decentralization patterns on regional economic performance (including growth and the budget deficit), they study data on the structure of 89 Russian consolidated regional budgets for 1992-96. They find that local governments' relative share of Russia's consolidated budget, although substantive (roughly a quarter of the total budget), did not expand after 1994. The federal government's relative role in financing public goods and services declined as the relative role of local governments increased substantially. Local governments collected more revenues in 1996 (6.4 percent of GDP) and spent more than regional governments. They also substantially increased social financing (including health, education, and social protection). Russia made no progress toward a more transparent system for tax assignments. The average level of expenditure decentralization is similar for ethnically Russian regions and national republics and okrugs but revenue arrangements differ greatly. True decentralization has taken place in oblasts and krais, where local authorities are provided with a bigger share of subnational tax revenues. A redistribution model applies in republics and autonomous okrugs, where greater local outlays have been financed through larger transfers from regional governments. Regions near each other tend to have similar budget arrangements-the result of intensive interactions between neighbors and probably supported by the activities of regional associations. The size of a region's territory does not influence decentralization outcomes. Fiscal decentralization seems positively related to the share of education spending in regional budgets. And regions with more decentralized finances tend to experience less economic decline. But budget control is weaker in more decentralized regions. Instability and lack of transparency in intergovernmental fiscal relations provide subnational governments little incentive for responsible fiscal policy. Further decentralization without greater transparency could bring greater debt and deficits. This paper-a product of the Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Sector Unit, Europe and Central Asia Region - is part of a larger effort in the unit to study fiscal decentralization in transition economies. Lev Freinkman may be contacted at [email protected].

Author : James Manor
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 152 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : UOM:39015042983646

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The Political Economy of Democratic Decentralization by James Manor Pdf

Nearly all countries worldwide are now experimenting with decentralization. Their motivation are diverse. Many countries are decentralizing because they believe this can help stimulate economic growth or reduce rural poverty, goals central government interventions have failed to achieve. Some countries see it as a way to strengthen civil society and deepen democracy. Some perceive it as a way to off-load expensive responsibilities onto lower level governments. Thus, decentralization is seen as a solution to many different kinds of problems. This report examines the origins and implications decentralization from a political economy perspective, with a focus on its promise and limitations. It explores why countries have often chosen not to decentralize, even when evidence suggests that doing so would be in the interests of the government. It seeks to explain why since the early 1980s many countries have undertaken some form of decentralization. This report also evaluates the evidence to understand where decentralization has considerable promise and where it does not. It identifies conditions needed for decentralization to succeed. It identifies the ways in which decentralization can promote rural development. And it names the goals which decentralization will probably not help achieve.