Deep Sea Food Chains And The Global Carbon Cycle

Author : G.T. Rowe,Vita Pariente
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 403 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789401124522

Get Book

Deep-Sea Food Chains and the Global Carbon Cycle by G.T. Rowe,Vita Pariente Pdf

Carbon dioxide and other `greenhouse' gases are increasing in the atmosphere due to the burning of fossil fuels, the destruction of rain forests, etc., leading to predictions of a gradual global warming which will perturb the global biosphere. An important process which counters this trend toward potential climate change is the removal of carbon dioxide from the surface ocean by photosynthesis. This process packages carbon in phytoplankton which enter the food chain or sink into the deep sea. Their ultimate fate is a `rain' of organic debris out of the surface-mixed layer of the ocean. On a global scale, the mechanisms and overall rate of this process are poorly known. The authors of the 25 papers in this volume present their state-of-the-art approaches to quantifying the mechanisms by which the `rain' of biogenic debris nourishes deep ocean life. Prominent deep sea ecologists, geochemists and modelers address relationships between data and models of carbon fluxes and food chains in the deep ocean. An attempt is made to estimate the fate of carbon in the deep sea on a global scale by summing up the utilization of organic matter among all the populations of the abyssal biosphere. Comparisons are made between these ecological approaches and estimates of geochemical fluxes based on sediment trapping, one-dimensional geochemical models and horizontal (physical) input from continental margins. Planning interdisciplinary enterprises between geochemists and ecologists, including new field programs, are summarized in the final chapter. The summary includes a list of the important gaps in understanding which must be addressed before the role of the deep-sea biota in global-scale processes can be put in perspective.

Author : P.A. Tyler
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 582 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2003-03-27
Category : Science
ISBN : 008049465X

Get Book

Ecosystems of the Deep Oceans by P.A. Tyler Pdf

This volume examines the deep sea ecosystem from a variety of perspectives. The initial chapters examine the deep-sea floor, the deep pelagic environment and the more specialised chemosynthetic environments of hydrothermal vents and cold seeps. These environments are examined from the perspective of the relationship of deep-sea animals to their physico-chemical environment. Later chapters examine the biogeography of the main deep oceans (Atlantic, Pacific and Indian) with particular attention to the downward flux of surface-derived organic matter and how this drives the processes within the deep-sea ecosystem. The peripheral deep seas including the polar seas and the marginal deep seas (inter alia the Mediterranean, Red, Caribbean and Okhotsk seas) are explored in the same context. The final chapters examine the processes occurring in the deep sea and include an analysis of why the deep sea has high species diversity, how the fauna respond to organic input and how species have adapted reproductive activity in the deep sea. The volume concludes with an analysis of the anthropogenic impact on the deep sea.

Author : Fatima Abrantes,Alan Mix
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 443 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781461541974

Get Book

Reconstructing Ocean History by Fatima Abrantes,Alan Mix Pdf

This volume is one outcome of the 6th International Conference on Paleoceano graphy (ICP VI). The conference was held August 23-28, 1998 in Lisbon, Portugal. The meeting followed the traditional format of a small number of invited oral presentations complemented by a large number ofcontributed posters. Over 550 participants attended, representing thirty countries and nearly 450 posters were presented. The invited speakers addressed the main themes of the 5oral sessions. The session topics were: Polar-Tropical and Interhemisphere Linkages; Does the Ocean Cause, or Respond to, Abrupt Climatic Changes?; Biotic Responses to Major Paleoceanographic Changes; Past Warm Climates; and Innovations In Monitoring Ocean History. This is the first time in ICP history that the Conference Proceedings are published. The aim of the organisers with the publication of this book is two-fold: to provide a useful review of the field and to document the ideas/controversies raised during the con ference that may stimulate future work. The book reflects the initial intentions of the conference, but it is not a conven tional conference proceedings, given that the papers have been reviewed by formal exter nal referees. Each of the conference topics is introduced by a review article designed to summarize the state of the art in each theme followed by articles prepared by the invited speakers. As with most conference proceedings, each theme is covered heterogenously. Some topics have all the expected contributions, others are less well covered.

Author : N.R. Merrett,R.L. Haedrich
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 1997-10-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 0412394103

Get Book

Deep-Sea Demersal Fish and Fisheries by N.R. Merrett,R.L. Haedrich Pdf

This book deals with the bottom-living fishes of the world's largest ecosystem, the deep-sea. After a brief review of the oceanographic setting, the diversity and ecology of this unique ichthyofauna are considered in detail. The book goes on to deal explicitly with slope fisheries, both developed and developing. The interaction of the ecology of the species involved (examples include orange roughy, grenadier, Greenland halibut and black scabbardfish) with fishing practices and management regimes is then discussed. An ecological framework for management is necessary for the resources to be sustainable it is argued, rather than simply extending approaches used on the Continental Shelf to the deep-sea.

Author : Adolf Seilacher,Alan D. Gishlick
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 551 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2014-11-05
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9781482221190

Get Book

Morphodynamics by Adolf Seilacher,Alan D. Gishlick Pdf

Morphodynamics is defined as the unique interaction among environment, functional morphology, developmental constraints, phylogeny, and time—all of which shape the evolution of life. These fabricational patterns and similarities owe their regularity not to a detailed genetic program, but to extrinsic factors, which may be mechanical, chemical, or biological in nature. These self-organizing mechanisms are the focus of Morphodynamics. Illustrated by numerous examples from across the biological spectrum, this book embodies the foundation of noted paleontologist Adolf Seilacher’s thinking on the study of morphodynamics. It represents his unique approach of presenting paleontology from an ecological and constructional perspective, rather than a purely taxonomic one. The hallmark of Seilacher’s storied career has been a constructional and functional focus. He begins by discussing the basic principles—form, pattern formation, ecology and evolution, as well as the factors that override those processes. Next, he examines how morphodynamic principles are implemented in various invertebrates including single-celled protists, Ediacarans, sponges, coelenterates, shelled organisms, worms, arthropods, and echinoderms. The final chapter explores how morphogenetic principles may apply to clonal colonial organisms. Summarizing seventy years of research into the interactions of form, function, and evolution, the book is copiously illustrated with the author’s own distinctive drawings and an abundance of photos. It provides a framework for readers to pose their own questions and sharpen their interpretive skills on this fascinating topic.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 388 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 1997-10-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 008058540X

Get Book

Deep-Sea Fishes by Anonim Pdf

The deep ocean is home to some of the most unusual of all fishes. This book is the first Fish Physiology volume devoted to these bizarre undersea creatures. Practically every organ system is affected by the constraints imposed by benthic pressure, the absence of light, and the relatively scarce supply of both food and mates. Deep Sea Fishes demonstrates how these fishes living in extremely harsh conditions metabolize, behave, and evolve.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 1994
Category : Marine biology
ISBN : UCSD:31822032642688

Get Book

Oceanic Biology Program Abstract Book by Anonim Pdf

Author : Martin Thiel,Les Watling
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 584 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2015-04-09
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780190266806

Get Book

Lifestyles and Feeding Biology by Martin Thiel,Les Watling Pdf

This second volume in the Natural History of the Crustacea series examines how crustaceans-the different body shapes and adaptations of which are described in volume 1-make a living in the wide range of environments they inhabit, and how they exploit food sources. The contributions in the volume give synthetic overviews of particular lifestyles and feeding mechanisms, and offer a fresh look at crustacean life styles through the technological tools that have been applied to recent crustacean research. These include SEM (scanning electron microscope) techniques, micro-optics, and long-term video recordings that have been used for a variety of behavioral studies. The audience will include not only crustacean biologists but evolutionary ecologists who want to understand the diversification of particular life styles, ecologists who follow the succession of communities, biogeochemists who estimate the role of crustaceans in geochemical fluxes, and biologists with a general interest in crustaceans.

Author : Richard G. Zepp,Ch. Sonntag
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 364 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 1995-07-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 0471954632

Get Book

The Role of Nonliving Organic Matter in the Earth's Carbon Cycle by Richard G. Zepp,Ch. Sonntag Pdf

Nonliving organic matter (NLOM) comprises the bulk of the organic carbon stored in the terrestrial biosphere and a major part of the organic carbon in the sea. Organic substances, which include litter, marine detritus, dissolved organic matter, and soil organic matter, have diverse effects on the Earth's biogeochemical processes and serve as a major reservoir of biospheric carbon, which can be transformed to carbon dioxide, methane, and other "greenhouse" gases. Given this broad spectrum of effects, efforts to adapt to or perhaps benefit from global change require a better understanding and an ability to predict the role of NLOM in the global environment. The overall objective of this volume is to provide experimental and modeling strategies for the assessment of the sensitivity of the global carbon cycle to changes in nonliving organic pools in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. The discussions in this volume consider how best to characterize and quantify pools and fluxes of NLOM, the role of NLOM cycling on a global scale, human and climatic perturbations of interactions between NLOM and nutrients, and biological, chemical, and physical processes that control the production and degradation of NLOM, with an emphasis on processes that affect the persistence of NLOM in the environment. One of the most unique aspects of this volume is that it represents extensive exchanges between leading international scientists from both aquatic and terrestrial backgrounds. It will be of particular interest to organic geochemists, microbiologists, ecologists, soil scientists, agricultural scientists, marine chemists, limnologists, and modelers. Goal of this Dahlem Workshop: to devise experimental and modeling strategies for assessment of the sensitivity of the global carbon cycle to changes in nonliving organic pools.

Author : Brian T. Huber,Kenneth G. Macleod,Scott L. Wing
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 502 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2000
Category : Science
ISBN : 052164142X

Get Book

Warm Climates in Earth History by Brian T. Huber,Kenneth G. Macleod,Scott L. Wing Pdf

The geologic record contains evidence of greenhouse climates in the earth's past, and by studying these past conditions, we can gain greater understanding of the forcing mechanisms and feedbacks that influence today's climate. Leading experts in paleoclimatology combine in one integrated volume new and state-of-the-art paleontological, geological, and theoretical studies to assess intervals of global warmth. The book reviews what is known about the causes and consequences of globally warm climates, demonstrates current directions of research on warm climates, and outlines the central problems that remain unresolved. The chapters present new research on a number of different warm climate intervals from the early Paleozoic to the early Cenozoic. The book will be of great interest to researchers in paleoclimatology, and it will also be useful as a supplementary text on advanced undergraduate or graduate level courses in paleoclimatology and earth science.

Author : R. N. Gibson,Margaret Barnes,R. J. A. Atkinson
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 981 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2002-08-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781134523146

Get Book

Oceanography and Marine Biology, An Annual Review, Volume 40 by R. N. Gibson,Margaret Barnes,R. J. A. Atkinson Pdf

Interest in oceanography and marine biology and its relevance to global environmental issues continues to increase, creating a demand for authoritative reviews that summarize recent research. Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review has catered to this demand since its foundation, by the late Harold Barnes, more than 40 years ago. It is an

Author : Rainer Zahn,Thomas F. Pedersen,Michael A. Kaminski,Laurent Labeyrie
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 579 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2013-06-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642787379

Get Book

Carbon Cycling in the Glacial Ocean: Constraints on the Ocean’s Role in Global Change by Rainer Zahn,Thomas F. Pedersen,Michael A. Kaminski,Laurent Labeyrie Pdf

A comprehensive progress report on the multi-disciplinary field of ocean and climate change research is given. It compiles introductory background papers and leading scientific results on the ocean-atmosphere carbon cycle with emphasis on the ocean's carbon inventory and the various components involved. The relationship between plankton productivity, carbon fixation, oceanic PCO2 and climate change is investigated from the viewpoint of long-term climatic change during the late Quaternary cycles of ice ages and warm ages. The various approaches range from micropaleontology over organic and trace element geochemistry to molecular isotope geochemistry.

Author : Rüdiger Stein,Robie W. Macdonald
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 394 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2003-09-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 3540011536

Get Book

The Organic Carbon Cycle in the Arctic Ocean by Rüdiger Stein,Robie W. Macdonald Pdf

With the exception of the Arctic Ocean, much is already known about the carbon budget of the other oceans. The editors present an overview of organic-carbon sources, pathways and burial of the carbon at the circum-Arctic continental margin and deep sea regions for the Arctic Ocean.

Author : Randi D. Rotjan,Diva Amon,William W. Chadwick,Stephen Hammond
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 374 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2021-04-16
Category : Science
ISBN : 9782889666829

Get Book

Pacific Deep-Sea Discoveries: Geological and Biological Exploration, Patterns, and Processes by Randi D. Rotjan,Diva Amon,William W. Chadwick,Stephen Hammond Pdf

Author : Kenneth D. Black,Graham B. Shimmield
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 404 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2020-02-03
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781000725070

Get Book

Biogeochemistry of Marine Systems by Kenneth D. Black,Graham B. Shimmield Pdf

Marine systems vary in their sensitivities to perturbation. Perturbation may be insidious - such as increasing eutrophication of coastal areas - or it may be dramatic - such as a response to an oil spill or some other accident. Climate change may occur incrementally or it may be abrupt, and ecosystem resilience is likely to be a complex function of the interactions of the factors and species mediating key biogeochemical processes. Biogeochemistry of Marine Systems considers issues of marine system resilience, focusing on a range of marine systems that exemplify major global province types. Each system is interesting in its own right, on account of its sensitivity to natural or anthropogenic change or its importance as an ecological service provider. Each contributing author concentrates on advances of the last decade. This prime reference source for marine biogeochemists, marine ecologists, and global systems scientists provides a strong foundation for the study of the multiple marine systems undergoing change because of natural biochemical or anthropogenic factors.