Defining Death

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The Definition of Death

Stuart J. Youngner,Robert M. Arnold,Renie Schapiro
The Definition of Death Book PDF

Author : Stuart J. Youngner,Robert M. Arnold,Renie Schapiro
Publisher : JHU Press
Page : 376 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2002-10-15
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0801872294

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The Definition of Death by Stuart J. Youngner,Robert M. Arnold,Renie Schapiro Pdf

In the 1980s, following the recommendation of a presidential commission, all fifty states replaced previous cardiopulmonary definitions of death with one that also included total and irreversible cessation of brain function. The Definition of Death: Contemporary Controversies is the first comprehensive review of the clinical, philosophical, and public policy implications of our effort to redefine the change in status from living person to corpse. Edited by Stuart J. Youngner, Robert M. Arnold, and Renie Schapiro, the book is the result of a collaboration among internationally recognized scholars from the fields of medicine, philosophy, social science, law, and religious studies. Throughout, the contributors struggle to reconcile inconsistencies and gaps in our traditional understanding of death and to respond to the public's concern that, in the determination of death under current policies, patients' interests may be compromised by the demand for organ retrieval. Their questions about the philosophical and scientific bases for determining death lead, inevitably, to more profound questions of social policy. Acknowledging that the definition of death is as much a social construct as a scientific one, the authors, in their analysis of these issues, provide a comprehensive and provocative source of information for students and scholars alike.

Remembering and Disremembering the Dead

Floris Tomasini
Remembering and Disremembering the Dead Book PDF

Author : Floris Tomasini
Publisher : Springer
Page : 103 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2017-08-01
Category : History
ISBN : 9781137538284

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Remembering and Disremembering the Dead by Floris Tomasini Pdf

This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 licence. This book is a multidisciplinary work that investigates the notion of posthumous harm over time. The question what is and when is death, affects how we understand the possibility of posthumous harm and redemption. Whilst it is impossible to hurt the dead, it is possible to harm the wishes, beliefs and memories of persons that once lived. In this way, this book highlights the vulnerability of the dead, and makes connections to a historical oeuvre, to add critical value to similar concepts in history that are overlooked by most philosophers. There is a long historical view of case studies that illustrate the conceptual character of posthumous punishment; that is, dissection and gibbetting of the criminal corpse after the Murder Act (1752), and those shot at dawn during the First World War. A long historical view is also taken of posthumous harm; that is, body-snatching in the late Georgian period, and organ-snatching at Alder Hey in the 1990s.

Defining Death

Robert M. Veatch,Lainie Friedman Ross
Defining Death Book PDF

Author : Robert M. Veatch,Lainie Friedman Ross
Publisher : Georgetown University Press
Page : 176 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : Bioethics
ISBN : 9781626163553

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Defining Death by Robert M. Veatch,Lainie Friedman Ross Pdf

New technologies and medical treatments continue to complicate questions surrounding the moment of death. Distinguished bioethicists Robert M. Veatch and Lainie F. Ross argue that the definition of death is a social question rooted in a person's religious, philosophical, or social beliefs. While ceding that society needs a default definition to proceed in certain cases, the authors state that any decision-making process must allow individuals to make their own choices according to their personal beliefs.

Persons, Humanity, and the Definition of Death

John P. Lizza
Persons Humanity and the Definition of Death Book PDF

Author : John P. Lizza
Publisher : JHU Press
Page : 227 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2006-02-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780801888991

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Persons, Humanity, and the Definition of Death by John P. Lizza Pdf

In this riveting and timely work, John P. Lizza presents the first comprehensive analysis of personhood and humanity in the context of defining death. Rejecting the common assumption that human or personal death is simply a biological phenomenon for biologists or physicians to define, Lizza argues that the definition of death is also a matter for metaphysical reflection, moral choice, and cultural acceptance. Lizza maintains that defining death remains problematic because basic ontological, ethical, and cultural issues have never been adequately addressed. Advances in life-sustaining technology and organ transplantation have led to revision of the legal definition of death. It is generally accepted that death occurs when all functions of the brain have ceased. However, legal and clinical cases involving postmortem pregnancy, individuals in permanent vegetative state, those with anencephaly, and those with severe dementia challenge the neurological criteria. Is "brain death" really death? Should the neurological criteria be expanded to include individuals in permanent vegetative state, with anencephaly, and those with severe dementia? What metaphysical, ethical, and cultural considerations are relevant to answering such questions? Although Lizza accepts a pluralistic approach to the legal definition of death, he proposes a nonreductive, substantive view in which persons are understood as "constituted by" human organisms. This view, he argues, provides the best account of human nature as biological, moral, and cultural and supports a consciousness-related formulation of death. Through an analysis of legal and clinical cases and a discussion of alternative concepts of personhood, Lizza casts greater light on the underlying themes of a complex debate.

Defining Death

Robert M. Veatch,Lainie F. Ross
Defining Death Book PDF

Author : Robert M. Veatch,Lainie F. Ross
Publisher : Georgetown University Press
Page : 168 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2016-11-03
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781626163560

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Defining Death by Robert M. Veatch,Lainie F. Ross Pdf

New technologies and medical treatments have complicated questions such as how to determine the moment when someone has died. The result is a failure to establish consensus on the definition of death and the criteria by which the moment of death is determined. This creates confusion and disagreement not only among medical, legal, and insurance professionals but also within families faced with difficult decisions concerning their loved ones. Distinguished bioethicists Robert M. Veatch and Lainie F. Ross argue that the definition of death is not a scientific question but a social one rooted in religious, philosophical, and social beliefs. Drawing on history and recent court cases, the authors detail three potential definitions of death — the whole-brain concept; the circulatory, or somatic, concept; and the higher-brain concept. Because no one definition of death commands majority support, it creates a major public policy problem. The authors cede that society needs a default definition to proceed in certain cases, like those involving organ transplantation. But they also argue the decision-making process must give individuals the space to choose among plausible definitions of death according to personal beliefs. Taken in part from the authors' latest edition of their groundbreaking work on transplantation ethics, Defining Death is an indispensable guide for professionals in medicine, law, insurance, public policy, theology, and philosophy as well as lay people trying to decide when they want to be treated as dead.

Death Before Dying

Gary Stuart Belkin
Death Before Dying Book PDF

Author : Gary Stuart Belkin
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 290 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2014
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780199898176

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Death Before Dying by Gary Stuart Belkin Pdf

Brain death-the condition of a non-functioning brain, has been widely adopted around the world as a definition of death since it was detailed in a Report by an Ad Hoc Committee of Harvard Medical School faculty in 1968. It also remains a focus of controversy and debate, an early source of criticism and scrutiny of the bioethics movement. Death before Dying: History, Medicine, and Brain Death looks at the work of the Committee in a way that has not been attempted before in terms of tracing back the context of its own sources-the reasoning of it Chair, Henry K Beecher, and the care of patients in coma and knowledge about coma and consciousness at the time. That history requires re-thinking the debate over brain death that followed which has tended to cast the Committee's work in ways this book questions. This book, then, also questions common assumptions about the place of bioethics in medicine. This book discusses if the advent of bioethics has distorted and limited the possibilities for harnessing medicine for social progress. It challenges historical scholarship of medicine to be more curious about how medical knowledge can work as a potentially innovative source of values.

Defining Death

United States. President's Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral Research
Defining Death Book PDF

Author : United States. President's Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral Research
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 176 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 1981
Category : Brain death
ISBN : MINN:31951000335524F

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Defining Death by United States. President's Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral Research Pdf

President's Commission for the study of ethical problems in medicine and biomedical and behavioral research.

Defining Death

United States. President's Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral Research
Defining Death Book PDF

Author : United States. President's Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral Research
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 178 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 1981
Category : Brain death
ISBN : UCR:31210011633235

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Defining Death by United States. President's Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral Research Pdf

President's Commission for the study of ethical problems in medicine and biomedical and behavioral research.

Estimation of the Time Since Death

Burkhard Madea
Estimation of the Time Since Death Book PDF

Author : Burkhard Madea
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 292 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2015-09-08
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781444181777

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Estimation of the Time Since Death by Burkhard Madea Pdf

Estimation of the Time Since Death remains the foremost authoritative book on scientifically calculating the estimated time of death postmortem. Building on the success of previous editions which covered the early postmortem period, this new edition also covers the later postmortem period including putrefactive changes, entomology, and postmortem r

The Routledge Companion to Death and Dying

Christopher M Moreman
The Routledge Companion to Death and Dying Book PDF

Author : Christopher M Moreman
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 693 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2017-05-18
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9781317528876

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The Routledge Companion to Death and Dying by Christopher M Moreman Pdf

Few issues apply universally to people as poignantly as death and dying. All religions address concerns with death from the handling of human remains, to defining death, to suggesting what happens after life. The Routledge Companion to Death and Dying provides readers with an overview of the study of death and dying. Questions of death, mortality, and more recently of end-of-life care, have long been important ones and scholars from a range of fields have approached the topic in a number of ways. Comprising over fifty-two chapters from a team of international contributors, the companion covers: funerary and mourning practices; concepts of the afterlife; psychical issues associated with death and dying; clinical and ethical issues; philosophical issues; death and dying as represented in popular culture. This comprehensive collection of essays will bring together perspectives from fields as diverse as history, philosophy, literature, psychology, archaeology and religious studies, while including various religious traditions, including established religions like Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Hinduism, and Buddhism as well as new or less widely known traditions such as the Spiritualist Movement, the Church of Latter Day Saints, and Raëlianism. The Routledge Companion to Death and Dying is essential reading for students and researchers in religious studies, philosophy and literature.

On Defining Death

Douglas N. Walton
On Defining Death Book PDF

Author : Douglas N. Walton
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 189 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 1979
Category : Death
ISBN : 0773503315

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On Defining Death by Douglas N. Walton Pdf

In this book, Douglas Walton examines the philosophical nature of two issues currently associated with medical ethics. In order to work towards an analysis of the concept of death that could function as a target towards which the medical criteria of death could be directed, he proposes the foundations for a theory free of logical contradictions, paradoxes, and other perplexities. This is the "superlimiting theory" which introduces the notion of a "possible person." The connection of these philosophical ideas with medico-legal concerns like brain death and the Harvard criteria is discussed. Professor Walton then goes on to examine the difference between killing and letting die. Through a close study of the logic of action sentences, he develops a model that is discussed in the light of the ethical and jurisprudential realities of medical ethics to see if the distinction between bringing something about (actively) and letting something happen (passively) is one that makes a moral difference in the evaluation of actions. Numerous problematic conceptual snags are dealt with, and the author consistently supports the conceptual clarity and respectability of the distinction. Other relevant discriminations of an action-theoretic sort, such as that between "direct" and "indirect" euthanasia, are studied, and the concluding chapter applies the conceptual analysis to a philosophical discussion of attitudes towards death, asking, "Is it rational to fear death ?"

Death: Beyond Whole-Brain Criteria

Richard M. Zaner
Death Beyond Whole Brain Criteria Book PDF

Author : Richard M. Zaner
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 278 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789400927070

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Death: Beyond Whole-Brain Criteria by Richard M. Zaner Pdf

From the tone of the report by the President's Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral Re search, one might conclude that the whole-brain-oriented definition of death is now firmly established as an enduring element of public policy. In that report, Defining Death: Medical, Legal and Ethical Issues in the Determination of Death, the President's Commission forwarded a uni form determination of death act, which laid heavy accent on the signifi cance of the brain stem in determining whether an individual is alive or dead: An individual who has sustained either (1) irreversible cessation of circulatory and respiratory functions, or (2) irreversible cessation of all functions of the entire brain, including the brain stem, is dead. A determination of death must be made in accordance with accepted medical standards ([1], p. 2). The plausibility of these criteria is undermined as soon as one confronts the question of the level of treatment that ought to be provided to human bodies that have permanently lost consciousness but whose brain stems are still functioning.

Persons, Humanity, and the Definition of Death

John P. Lizza
Persons Humanity and the Definition of Death Book PDF

Author : John P. Lizza
Publisher : JHU Press
Page : 227 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780801882500

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Persons, Humanity, and the Definition of Death by John P. Lizza Pdf

In this riveting and timely work, John P. Lizza presents the first comprehensive analysis of personhood and humanity in the context of defining death. Rejecting the common assumption that human or personal death is simply a biological phenomenon for biologists or physicians to define, Lizza argues that the definition of death is also a matter for metaphysical reflection, moral choice, and cultural acceptance. Lizza maintains that defining death remains problematic because basic ontological, ethical, and cultural issues have never been adequately addressed. Advances in life-sustaining technology and organ transplantation have led to revision of the legal definition of death. It is generally accepted that death occurs when all functions of the brain have ceased. However, legal and clinical cases involving postmortem pregnancy, individuals in permanent vegetative state, those with anencephaly, and those with severe dementia challenge the neurological criteria. Is "brain death" really death? Should the neurological criteria be expanded to include individuals in permanent vegetative state, with anencephaly, and those with severe dementia? What metaphysical, ethical, and cultural considerations are relevant to answering such questions? Although Lizza accepts a pluralistic approach to the legal definition of death, he proposes a nonreductive, substantive view in which persons are understood as "constituted by" human organisms. This view, he argues, provides the best account of human nature as biological, moral, and cultural and supports a consciousness-related formulation of death. Through an analysis of legal and clinical cases and a discussion of alternative concepts of personhood, Lizza casts greater light on the underlying themes of a complex debate.

Handbook of Forensic Medicine

Burkhard Madea
Handbook of Forensic Medicine Book PDF

Author : Burkhard Madea
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 1312 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2014-03-17
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781118570623

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Handbook of Forensic Medicine by Burkhard Madea Pdf

Forensic Medicine encompasses all areas in which medicine and law interact. This book covers diverse aspects of forensic medicine including forensic pathology, traumatology and violent death, sudden and unexpected death, clinical forensic medicine, toxicology, traffic medicine, identification, haemogenetics and medical law. A knowledge of all these subdisciplines is necessary in order to solve routine as well as more unusual cases. Taking a comprehensive approach the book m.oves beyond a focus on forensic pathology to include clinical forensic medicine and forensic toxicology. All aspects of forensic medicine are covered to meet the specialist needs of daily casework. Aspects of routine analysis and quality control are addressed in each chapter. The book provides coverage of the latest developments in forensic molecular biology, forensic toxicology, molecular pathology and immunohistochemistry. A must-have reference for every specialist in the field this book is set to become the bench-mark for the international forensic medical community.

Contemporary Bioethics

Mohammed Ali Al-Bar,Hassan Chamsi-Pasha
Contemporary Bioethics Book PDF

Author : Mohammed Ali Al-Bar,Hassan Chamsi-Pasha
Publisher : Springer
Page : 267 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2015-05-27
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783319184289

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Contemporary Bioethics by Mohammed Ali Al-Bar,Hassan Chamsi-Pasha Pdf

This book discusses the common principles of morality and ethics derived from divinely endowed intuitive reason through the creation of al-fitr' a (nature) and human intellect (al-‘aql). Biomedical topics are presented and ethical issues related to topics such as genetic testing, assisted reproduction and organ transplantation are discussed. Whereas these natural sources are God’s special gifts to human beings, God’s revelation as given to the prophets is the supernatural source of divine guidance through which human communities have been guided at all times through history. The second part of the book concentrates on the objectives of Islamic religious practice – the maqa' sid – which include: Preservation of Faith, Preservation of Life, Preservation of Mind (intellect and reason), Preservation of Progeny (al-nasl) and Preservation of Property. Lastly, the third part of the book discusses selected topical issues, including abortion, assisted reproduction devices, genetics, organ transplantation, brain death and end-of-life aspects. For each topic, the current medical evidence is followed by a detailed discussion of the ethical issues involved.