Defining Language

Author : Geoff Barnbrook
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
Page : 298 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2002-10-24
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9789027296177

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Defining Language by Geoff Barnbrook Pdf

Definition is a basic activity of language, of particular importance to linguists because of its use of language to describe itself. Beyond this inherent significance as a crucial element of language study, definitions also provide a rich potential source of the information needed for Natural Language Processing systems. This book describes an investigation of the subset of general language used in definition sentences and the development of a taxonomy of definition types, a grammar of definition sentences and parsing software which can extract their functional components. The work is based on definition sentences used in one of the dictionaries from the Cobuild range, and the book includes a brief history of the development of monolingual English dictionaries, an assessment of the concepts of sublanguages and local grammars and a full exploration of the results of the analysis and of the present and future applications of the taxonomy, grammar and parser.

Author : Geoff Barnbrook
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
Page : 308 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 1588112985

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Defining Language by Geoff Barnbrook Pdf

This book describes an investigation of the subset of general language used in definition sentences and the development of a taxonomy of definition types, a grammar of definition sentences and parsing software which can extract their functional components. Based on definition sentences used in one of the dictionaries from the Cobuild range, and the book includes a brief history of the development of monolingual English dictionaries, an assessment of the concepts of sublanguages and local grammars and a full exploration of the results of the analysis and of the present and future applications of the taxonomy, grammar and parser.

Author : Vanessa Marie Fernández
Publisher : University of Toronto Press
Page : 162 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2024-01-31
Category : Literary Criticism
ISBN : 9781487549121

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Defining and Defying Borders by Vanessa Marie Fernández Pdf

Tracing heated exchanges between Spanish and Latin American intellectuals that took place in journals, magazines, and newspapers in the early twentieth century, Defining and Defying Borders details how borders and boundaries were contested within a medium that simultaneously crossed borders and defined boundaries. Vanessa Marie Fernández demonstrates that print media is an invaluable resource for scholars because it offers a nuanced perspective of the complex postcolonial relationship between Spain and Latin America that shaped aesthetic production within and beyond national boundaries. Presenting inclusive paradigms that are at once able to transcend borders, acknowledge national boundaries, and account for empire, Defining and Defying Borders illustrates that investigating journals, magazines, and newspapers is crucial to better understanding postcolonial literary and cultural production.

Author : Henry Widdowson
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 212 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Foreign Language Study
ISBN : 0194374459

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Defining Issues in English Language Teaching by Henry Widdowson Pdf

This text goes back to basics by investigating fundamental assumptions about the way English should be defined and taught as a foreign language. It looks at different attitudes to English teaching, and critically examines proposals for course content.

Author : Edward Sapir
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2024-02-13
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 1835526357

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Language by Edward Sapir Pdf

"Language: An Introduction to the Study of Speech" is a seminal work by the renowned linguist Edward Sapir. Published in 1921, this book delves into the intricacies of language and its role in shaping human thought and culture. Sapir, known for his contributions to the fields of anthropology and linguistics, explores how language reflects and influences the way we perceive the world around us. In his book, Sapir discusses various aspects of language, including its structure, grammar, and the ways in which different languages shape our understanding of reality. He also delves into the concept of linguistic relativity, which suggests that the structure of a language can affect the way its speakers perceive the world. Through insightful analysis and engaging prose, Sapir invites readers to delve into the fascinating world of language and its profound impact on human society. "Language: An Introduction to the Study of Speech" remains a classic text in the field of linguistics, offering valuable insights into the nature of language and its significance in human communication.

Author : Dorina C. Petriu,Nicolas Rouquette,Oystein Haugen
Publisher : Springer
Page : 443 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2010-09-21
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783642161452

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Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems by Dorina C. Petriu,Nicolas Rouquette,Oystein Haugen Pdf

The MODELS series of conferences is the premier venue for the exchange of - novative technical ideas and experiences focusing on a very important new te- nical discipline: model-driven software and systems engineering. The expansion ofthisdisciplineisadirectconsequenceoftheincreasingsigni?canceandsuccess of model-based methods in practice. Numerous e?orts resulted in the invention of concepts, languagesand tools for the de?nition, analysis,transformation, and veri?cationofdomain-speci?cmodelinglanguagesandgeneral-purposemodeling language standards, as well as their use for software and systems engineering. MODELS 2010, the 13th edition of the conference series, took place in Oslo, Norway, October 3-8, 2010, along with numerous satellite workshops, symposia and tutorials. The conference was fortunate to have three prominent keynote speakers: Ole Lehrmann Madsen (Aarhus University, Denmark), Edward A. Lee (UC Berkeley, USA) and Pamela Zave (AT&T Laboratories, USA). To provide a broader forum for reporting on scienti?c progress as well as on experience stemming from practical applications of model-based methods, the 2010 conference accepted submissions in two distinct tracks: Foundations and Applications. The primary objective of the ?rst track is to present new research results dedicated to advancing the state-of-the-art of the discipline, whereas the second aims to provide a realistic and veri?able picture of the current state-- the-practice of model-based engineering, so that the broader community could be better informed of the capabilities and successes of this relatively young discipline. This volume contains the ?nal version of the papers accepted for presentation at the conference from both tracks.

Author : Barry Lee
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 401 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2019-12-12
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781350084063

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Philosophy of Language: The Key Thinkers by Barry Lee Pdf

Playing a key role in our lives, as a vehicle for our thoughts and a powerful medium of communication, language is at the centre of philosophical investigation. The fifteen specially commissioned essays in this book introduce and explore the ideas of major philosophers who have shaped philosophical thinking about language, providing insights into crucial developments in this fascinating field over the last 140 years. Chapters examine the work of Frege, Russell, Wittgenstein, Carnap, Austin, Quine, Chomsky, Grice, Davidson, Dummett, Kripke and Derrida. This second edition broadens coverage of the area with new chapters on Susan Stebbing and on recent developments in feminist philosophy of language. Featuring contributions from Arif Ahmed, Kent Bach, Thomas Baldwin, Michael Beaney, Siobhan Chapman, Kirk Ludwig and other leading experts in the field, Philosophy of Language: The Key Thinkers provides a thorough introduction to the puzzles, debates and ideas that animate contemporary philosophy of language. It is an ideal resource for undergraduate students in philosophy, linguistics and related disciplines.

Author : Hugh Chisholm
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 1016 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 1911
Category : Encyclopedias and dictionaries
ISBN : UOM:39015015204509

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The Encyclopaedia Britannica by Hugh Chisholm Pdf

Author : Bianca Stärk
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
Page : 57 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9783640673186

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Defining Language Universals by Bianca Stärk Pdf

Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2004 im Fachbereich Anglistik - Linguistik, Note: 2,8, Universit t zu K ln (Anglistisches Institut), Veranstaltung: Morphosyntax English - German, 5 Quellen im Literaturverzeichnis, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Language is something uniquely human. Bertrand Russell stated in 1948 that "A dog cannot relate his autobiography; however eloquently he may bark, he cannot tell you that his parents were honest though poor" (Whaley 1997: 4). Language ist not only unique to humans and diverse but there are also commonalities between languages. About five thousand languages are spoken in the world today but there still is a basic unity that undelies their diversities. Many of the world's languages show similar principles. An example of such a similaritiy is word order. In some languages such as English, French and Italian the word order is subject, verb and object. This is the so called SOV order. Besides similarities like this, there also exist features between some languages, which are common to all human languages in the world and are called language universals. These language universals classify entire languages into categories which are then based on shared properties. Language universals are examined within the field of typology. Typology has the task of examining cross-linguistic patterns. This means that "all typological research is based on comparisons between languages" (Whaley 1997: 7). Through comparing different languages with each other, one necessarily comes into contact with universals, which hold true for a group of languages or even for all languages. This is how language universals are placed within the field of typology.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 722 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 1883
Category : Phrenology
ISBN : UOM:39015074630438

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American Phrenological Journal and Life Illustrated by Anonim Pdf

Author : Eric Friginal
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
Page : 344 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9789027223081

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The Language of Outsourced Call Centers by Eric Friginal Pdf

The Language of Outsourced Call Centers is the first book to explore a large-scale corpus representing the typical kinds of interactions and communicative tasks in outsourced call centers located in the Philippines and serving American customers. The specific goals of this book are to conduct a corpus-based register comparison between outsourced call center interactions, face-to-face American conversations, and spontaneous telephone exchanges; and to study the dynamics of cross-cultural communication between Filipino call center agents and American callers, as well as other demographic groups of participants in outsourced call center transactions, e.g., gender of speakers, agents' experience and performance, and types of transactional tasks. The research design relies on a number of analytical approaches, including corpus linguistics and discourse analysis, and combines quantitative and qualitative examination of linguistic data in the investigation of the frequency distribution and functional characteristics of a range of lexico/syntactic features of outsourced call center discourse.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
Page : 36 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2022-08-31
Category : Literary Collections
ISBN : 9783346707178

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Promoting Speaking and Writing Competencies in the context of Task-Supported Language Learning in Grade 8 by Anonim Pdf

Seminar paper from the year 2019 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Other, grade: 1,3, University of Kassel, language: English, abstract: The following term paper will give an overview of the principles of task-supported language learning (TSLL). Firstly, the basic concept of a “task” and its meaning will be analysed. Then, TSLL will be further explained by using the guidelines provided by Ellis (2003). Moreover, the sequencing of a task will be exemplified. Following this, the teacher and learner roles in the TSLL context will be investigated. Furthermore, the different options of task support will be elucidated. Additionally, the speaking and writing competencies will be elaborated on. Possibilities of improving these will be mentioned. The target task C11 taken from the coursebook “Camden Town 4”, which is used in grade 8 at grammar schools in Hesse, will be analysed based on the previously mentioned aspects. Ideas on how this target task could be enhanced will be offered. Finally, it will be embedded in the according curriculum and analysed for the competencies that are to be achieved.

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Foreign Language Assessment for the U.S. Foreign Service Institute
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 113 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2020-09-19
Category : Education
ISBN : 9780309675482

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A Principled Approach to Language Assessment by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Foreign Language Assessment for the U.S. Foreign Service Institute Pdf

The United States is formally represented around the world by approximately 14,000 Foreign Service officers and other personnel in the U.S. Department of State. Roughly one-third of them are required to be proficient in the local languages of the countries to which they are posted. To achieve this language proficiency for its staff, the State Department's Foreign Service Institute (FSI) provides intensive language instruction and assesses the proficiency of personnel before they are posted to a foreign country. The requirement for language proficiency is established in law and is incorporated in personnel decisions related to job placement, promotion, retention, and pay. A Principled Approach to Language Assessment: Considerations for the U.S. Foreign Service Institute evaluates the different approaches that exist to assess foreign language proficiency that FSI could potentially use. This report considers the key assessment approaches in the research literature that are appropriate for language testing, including, but not limited to, assessments that use task-based or performance-based approaches, adaptive online test administration, and portfolios.

Author : Katharina Maschke
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
Page : 41 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2021-08-10
Category : Literary Collections
ISBN : 9783346463586

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Defining Constructed Languages. Definition and Basic Overview over the Concept by Katharina Maschke Pdf

Seminar paper from the year 2021 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1.0, Technical University of Chemnitz, language: English, abstract: In the last years, constructed languages have experienced a rise in popularity. Star Trek, The Lord of the Rings, and Game of Thrones feature constructed languages that have since been celebrated, examined, and learned by fans. However, the field of constructed languages is much larger than these so-called artistic languages. Definitions are blurry, and the terminology is inconsistent. This term paper aims at defining constructed languages and providing a basic overview for those who are new to the concept. The comprehensive definition will be a result of examining the terminology and history of language construction. Humans have been concerned with language for centuries. With this, language has not only fulfilled its purpose as a communicative medium, but it has left an impression on generations and nations. According to the Bible, the earth used to be of one people and one language until the people became boastful and began building a tower to reach heaven. When God saw their arrogance, he decided to confuse their languages so that they were unable to proceed with their project and instead scattered all over the earth

Author : Cloves Carneiro Jr.,Tim Schmelmer
Publisher : Apress
Page : 258 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2016-12-10
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781484219379

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Microservices From Day One by Cloves Carneiro Jr.,Tim Schmelmer Pdf

Learn what a microservices architecture is, its advantages, and why you should consider using one when starting a new application. The book describes how taking a microservices approach from the start helps avoid the complexity and expense of moving to a service-oriented approach after applications reach a critical code base size or traffic load. Microservices from Day One discusses many of the decisions you face when adopting a service-oriented approach and defines a set of rules to follow for easily adopting microservices. The book provides simple guidelines and tips for dividing a problem domain into services. It also describes best practices for documenting and generating APIs and client libraries, testing applications with service dependencies, optimizing services for client performance, and much more. Throughout the book, you will follow the development of a sample project to see how to apply the best practices described. What You Will Learn: Apply guidelines and best practices for developing projects that use microservices Define a practical microservices architecture at the beginning of a project that allows for fast development Define and build APIs based on real-world best practices Build services that easily scale by using tools available in most programming languages Test applications in a distributed environment Who This Book is For: Software engineers and web developers who have heard about microservices, and want to either move the project/applications they work on to a service-oriented environment, or want to start a new project knowing that building services helps with ease of scaling and maintainability. The book is a reference for developers who have a desire to build software in smaller, more focused and manageable chunks, but do not know how to get started.