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Author : Robert Audi
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2014
Category : Democracy
ISBN : OCLC:1391394644
Author : Robert Audi
Publisher : OUP USA
Page : 191 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2011-09
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780199796083
This book clarifies the relation between religion and ethics, articulates principles governing religion in politics, and outlines a theory of civic virtue. It frames institutional principles to guide governmental policies toward religion and counterpart standards to guide individual citizens; and it defends an account of toleration that leavens the ethical framework both in individual nations and internationally.
Author : Stephen V. Monsma,J. Christopher Soper
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 279 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780742554160
Provides a comparative analysis of church-state issues in the United States, the Netherlands, Australia, England, and Germany, and argues that the U.S. is unique in the way it resolves religious freedom and religious establishment questions.
Author : Robert Audi
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 192 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2011-09-01
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780190208141
Democratic states must protect the liberty of citizens and must accommodate both religious liberty and cultural diversity. This democratic imperative is one reason for the increasing secularity of most modern democracies. Religious citizens, however, commonly see a secular state as unfriendly toward religion. This book articulates principles that enable secular governments to protect liberty in a way that judiciously separates church and state and fully respects religious citizens. After presenting a brief account of the relation between religion and ethics, the book shows how ethics can be independent of religion-evidentially autonomous in a way that makes moral knowledge possible for secular citizens--without denying religious sources a moral authority of their own. With this account in view, it portrays a church-state separation that requires governments not only to avoid religious establishment but also to maintain religious neutrality. The book shows how religious neutrality is related to such issues as teaching evolutionary biology in public schools, the legitimacy of vouchers to fund private schooling, and governmental support of "faith-based initiatives." The final chapter shows how the proposed theory of religion and politics incorporates toleration and forgiveness as elements in flourishing democracies. Tolerance and forgiveness are described; their role in democratic citizenship is clarified; and in this light a conception of civic virtue is proposed. Overall, the book advances the theory of liberal democracy, clarifies the relation between religion and ethics, provides distinctive principles governing religion in politics, and provides a theory of toleration for pluralistic societies. It frames institutional principles to guide governmental policy toward religion; it articulates citizenship standards for political conduct by individuals; it examines the case for affirming these two kinds of standards on the basis of what, historically, has been called natural reason; and it defends an account of toleration that enhances the practical application of the ethical framework both in individual nations and in the international realm.
Author : Benjamin Justice,Colin Macleod
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 189 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2016-11-09
Category : Education
ISBN : 9780226400594
It isn’t just in recent arguments over the teaching of intelligent design or reciting the pledge of allegiance that religion and education have butted heads: since their beginnings nearly two centuries ago, public schools have been embroiled in heated controversies over religion’s place in the education system of a pluralistic nation. In this book, Benjamin Justice and Colin Macleod take up this rich and significant history of conflict with renewed clarity and astonishing breadth. Moving from the American Revolution to the present—from the common schools of the nineteenth century to the charter schools of the twenty-first—they offer one of the most comprehensive assessments of religion and education in America that has ever been published. From Bible readings and school prayer to teaching evolution and cultivating religious tolerance, Justice and Macleod consider the key issues and colorful characters that have shaped the way American schools have attempted to negotiate religious pluralism in a politically legitimate fashion. While schools and educational policies have not always advanced tolerance and understanding, Justice and Macleod point to the many efforts Americans have made to find a place for religion in public schools that both acknowledges the importance of faith to so many citizens and respects democratic ideals that insist upon a reasonable separation of church and state. Finally, they apply the lessons of history and political philosophy to an analysis of three critical areas of religious controversy in public education today: student-led religious observances in extracurricular activities, the tensions between freedom of expression and the need for inclusive environments, and the shift from democratic control of schools to loosely regulated charter and voucher programs. Altogether Justice and Macleod show how the interpretation of educational history through the lens of contemporary democratic theory offers both a richer understanding of past disputes and new ways of addressing contemporary challenges.
Author : Graham Oppy
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 600 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2019-05-06
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781119119111
PROSE 2020 Single Volume Reference Finalist! Philosophers throughout history have debated the existence of gods, but it is only in recent years that the absence of such a belief has become a significant topic of philosophical analysis, in particular for philosophers of religion. Although it is difficult to trace the historical contours of atheism as the lack of belief in a higher power, the reasoned, reflective, and thoughtful rejection of theism has become commonplace in many modern intellectual circles, including academic philosophy where disciplinary data indicates that a large majority of philosophers self-identify as atheists. As the first book of its kind to bring together a collection of writing on the philosophical aspects of atheism both historical and contemporary, the Companion to Atheism and Philosophy stages an explicit, constructive, and comprehensive conversation between philosophy and atheism to examine the ways in which atheist thought intersects with ideas and positions from a variety of philosophical and theological sub-disciplines. The Companion begins by addressing the foundational questions and lingering controversies which underpin philosophical thought about atheism, exploring the implications of major developments in the history of philosophy for the modern atheistic worldview. Divided into eight distinct sections, essays consider a range of thinkers who were widely believed to have been atheists—including David Hume, Mary Wollstonecraft, Karl Marx, and Elizabeth Cady Stanton—and survey different kinds of objections to theism and atheism, including logical, evidential, normative, and prudential. Later chapters trace the relationship between atheism and metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, and political philosophy oriented around topics such as pragmatism, postmodernism, freedom, education, violence, and happiness. Deftly curated and thoughtfully composed, A Companion to Atheism and Philosophy is the most ambitious and authoritative account of philosophical thinking on atheism available, and is a first-rate resource for academics, professionals, and students of philosophy, religious studies, and theology.
Author : John C. Bennett
Publisher : Wipf and Stock Publishers
Page : 318 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2019-01-16
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9781532673450
From the Introduction: Political problems have come to be the most fateful social problems. Three decades ago it seemed that economic problems were primary and Christian writers about society were generally preoccupied with them. Even then economic problems led to questions concerning the role of the state in economic life, which remains one of the most urgent of the political problems. Today, while there is not doubt about the significance of the interaction between economics and politics on many levels, it seems that the greater threats to man come from the conflict of political ideologies, from political instability within various countries and regions, and from the danger of nuclear war. There are issues of economic justice and well-being involved in all of these threats, but we can no longer assume that all political ideas and forces and decisions are merely reflections of what happens in economic life.
Author : Emile Perreau-Saussine
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 200 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2023-05-02
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780691248165
How the Catholic Church redefined its relationship to the state in the wake of the French Revolution Catholicism and Democracy is a history of Catholic political thinking from the French Revolution to the present day. Emile Perreau-Saussine investigates the church's response to liberal democracy, a political system for which the church was utterly unprepared. Looking at leading philosophers and political theologians—among them Joseph de Maistre, Alexis de Tocqueville, and Charles Péguy—Perreau-Saussine shows how the church redefined its relationship to the state in the long wake of the French Revolution. Disenfranchised by the fall of the monarchy, the church in France at first embraced that most conservative of ideologies, "ultramontanism" (an emphasis on the central role of the papacy). Catholics whose church had lost its national status henceforth looked to the papacy for spiritual authority. Perreau-Saussine argues that this move paradoxically combined a fundamental repudiation of the liberal political order with an implicit acknowledgment of one of its core principles, the autonomy of the church from the state. However, as Perreau-Saussine shows, in the context of twentieth-century totalitarianism, the Catholic Church retrieved elements of its Gallican heritage and came to embrace another liberal (and Gallican) principle, the autonomy of the state from the church, for the sake of its corollary, freedom of religion. Perreau-Saussine concludes that Catholics came to terms with liberal democracy, though not without abiding concerns about the potential of that system to compromise freedom of religion in the pursuit of other goals.
Author : Gregory A. Wills
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 208 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2003-03-13
Category : History
ISBN : 9780195160994
No American denomination identified itself more closely with the nation's democratic ideal than the Baptists. Most antebellum southern Baptist churches allowed women and slaves to vote on membership matters and preferred populists preachers who addressed their appeals to the common person. Paradoxically no denomination could wield religious authority as zealously as the Baptists. Between 1785 and 1860 they ritually excommunicated forty to fifty thousand church members in Georgia alone. Wills demonstrates how a denomination of freedom-loving individualists came to embrace an exclusivist spirituality--a spirituality that continues to shape Southern Baptist churches in contemporary conflicts between moderates who urge tolerance and conservatives who require belief in scriptural inerrancy. Wills's analysis advances our understanding of the interaction between democracy and religious authority, and will appeal to scholars of American religion, culture, and history, as well as to Baptist observers.
Author : John T. S. Madeley,Zsolt Enyedi
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 268 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0714653942
This volume represents an attempt in integrating a wide range of theoretically relevant issues into the identification and analysis of church-state patterns. Each chapter focuses on the analysis of a particular theme and its role in shaping, and/or being shaped by, church-state relations.
Author : Jean L. Cohen,Cécile Laborde
Publisher : Columbia University Press
Page : 465 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2015-12-22
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9780231540735
Polarization between political religionists and militant secularists on both sides of the Atlantic is on the rise. Critically engaging with traditional secularism and religious accommodationism, this collection introduces a constitutional secularism that robustly meets contemporary challenges. It identifies which connections between religion and the state are compatible with the liberal, republican, and democratic principles of constitutional democracy and assesses the success of their implementation in the birthplace of political secularism: the United States and Western Europe. Approaching this issue from philosophical, legal, historical, political, and sociological perspectives, the contributors wage a thorough defense of their project's theoretical and institutional legitimacy. Their work brings fresh insight to debates over the balance of human rights and religious freedom, the proper definition of a nonestablishment norm, and the relationship between sovereignty and legal pluralism. They discuss the genealogy of and tensions involving international legal rights to religious freedom, religious symbols in public spaces, religious arguments in public debates, the jurisdiction of religious authorities in personal law, and the dilemmas of religious accommodation in national constitutions and public policy when it violates international human rights agreements or liberal-democratic principles. If we profoundly rethink the concepts of religion and secularism, these thinkers argue, a principled adjudication of competing claims becomes possible.
Author : Paul Blanshard
Publisher : READ BOOKS
Page : 356 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2008-11
Category : History
ISBN : 1443729434
COMMUNISM, DEMOCRACY, AND CATHOLIC POWER by THOMAS JEFFERSON Contents include: Preface ........ ix 1 . PATTERN AND PANORAMA 1 e 2. THE KREMLIN STRUCTURE OF POWER ... 23 3. THE VATICAN STRUCTURE OF POWER ... 43 4. THE DEVICES OF DEIFICATION . . . . 65 5. THE KREMLIN AND THOUGHT CONTROL . . 84 6. THE VATICAN AND THOUGHT CONTROL . . . 105 7. THE KREMLIN AND THE VATICAN VERSUS THE PUB LIC SCHOOL 131 8. DISCIPLINE AND DEVOTION 159 9. THE MANAGEMENT OF TRUTH: THE KREMLIN . 183 10. THE MANAGEMENT OF TRUTH: THE VATICAN . 212 1 1 . THE STRATEGY OF PENETRATION: THE KREMLIN . 243 12. THE STRATEGY OF PENETRATION: THE VATICAN . 263 13. THE AMERICAN ANSWER 287 Appendix 302 I. The Mussolini-Vatican Agreements of 1929 ( Excerpts) II. The Roosevelt-Spellraan Correspondence Bibliography 313 Notes 316 Index 333. Preface: MY ORIGINAL INSPIRATION for this book came from reading the lectures delivered at Butler University by the well-known scholar, Professor George La Piana of Harvard, and published in the Shane Quarterly ( 1949) under the title, A Totalitarian Church in a Democratic State: the Ameri can Experiment. Professor La Piana spoke in those lectures of the impressive parallelism of theoretical principles and of institutional fea tures in a totalitarian church and in a totalitarian state. He pointed out that the totalitarianism of the Catholic Church differs from that of the state, because it has a spiritual content and a spiritual purpose which are completely lacking in the latter, but that nevertheless there is a real structural parallel between this Church as an organized system of power and the totalitarian states bent on expansion and domination. I have applied that suggestive remark of Professor La Piana to one segment of the problem, the three-way struggle between the Vatican, the Kremlin, and democracy; but its elaboration and interpretation are wholly my own. Two noted experts on Russian affairs have reviewed the portions of this book which deal with Communism Warren B. Walsh, Chairman of the Board of Russian Studies at Syracuse University, and Frederick C. Barghoorn, Associate Professor of Political Science at Yale University. I am grateful for their - constructive suggestions, but I am entirely respon sible for any opinions expressed or for any errors in the text. Kenneth Dailey, of Syracuse University, has also helped me materially with re search among Russian documents. Over a period of several years, the editor of the Beacon Press has contributed to my files a mass of revealing material from Communist and Catholic periodicals published in this country and abroad, together with many helpful quotations from democratic periodicals. Edward Darling of the Beacon Press has been immensely helpful to me in many ways, especially in the period when I was overseas. The officials of the Baker Library at Dartmouth have been unfailingly generous with their literary treasures. Although I have relied heavily on documentary material in this study, no survey of such a subject would be complete without on-the-spot obser vation. My previous studies had included five periods of observation in Europe and two in the Orient, with a short period of residence in Moscow; but it was the weekly magazine The Nation which made it possible to gather together all these past threads of observation and experience into a book, by sending me to Europe in 1950 as its special correspondent in Rome for the Holy Year. ...
Author : Robert Wuthnow
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 326 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2021-09-07
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780691222639
"This book addresses the question of whether, and if so how, religion benefits American democracy. Scholarly views about the answer are divided, as is public opinion. Some hold that religion is beneficial where democracy is concerned; others view it as detrimental; and still others take the middle view that there is "good religion" and "bad religion", and that it all depends on kind is winning. As Robert Wuthnow argues in this new book, these ways of thinking about this topic paint with too broad a brush. Religion as we know it in the United States is vastly diverse, and it is this diversity that has mattered, and still matters. It has mattered not in the abstract, but concretely in the give and take that has mobilized faith communities to engage energetically in the pressing issues of the day -- an engagement that has often involved contesting the influence of other faith communities. Wuthnow's argument is that the deep diversity of religion in American has had, by & large, salutary political consequences. People of faith care about what happens in the country and are keen to mobilize to express their convictions and advocate for policy outcomes in line with their views. The diversity of religious groups in the U.S. contributes to democracy by reducing the chances of any one view becoming preeminent and by bringing innovative ideas to bear on public debate. The book shows empirically what diverse religious groups have done over the past century in advocating for particular democratic values. Individual chapters are case studies that explore important instances in which religious groups advocated against tyranny and on behalf of freedom of conscience; for freedom of assembly; in favor of human dignity; for citizenship rights in the case of immigrants; and for an amelioration of the wealth gap. Plenty of books have been written over the last few decades on religion and politics in the U.S. that have been salvos in the long-running American culture wars. Such books have often decried the involvement of religion in American politics, called for a firmer separation of church and state on the grounds that democracy is better when religion retreats, and criticized the Religious Right in particular. This book, by contrast, offers a more nuanced account of what diverse religious groups have done in the U.S. over the past century in advocating for particular democratic values"--
Author : Robert Audi
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 274 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2000-03-13
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 0521775701
Many religious people are alarmed about features of the current age--violence in the media, a pervasive hedonism, a marginalization of religion, and widespread abortion. These concerns influence politics, but just as there should be a separation between church and state, so should there be a balance between religious commitments and secular arguments calling for social reforms. Robert Audi offers a principle of secular rationale, which does not exclude religious grounds for action but which rules out restricting freedom except on grounds that any rational citizen would accept. This book describes the essential commitments of free democracy, explains how religious and secular moral considerations can be integrated to facilitate cooperation in a world of religious pluralism, and proposes ideals of civic virtue that express the mutual respect on which democracy depends.
Author : Matthew Scherer
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : Religion and politics
ISBN : 1107236487
"Secularism is often imagined in Thomas Jefferson's words as 'a wall of separation between Church and State'. This book moves past that standard picture to argue that secularism is a process that reshapes both religion and politics. Borrowing a term from religious traditions, the book goes further to argue that this process should be understood as a process of conversion. Matthew Scherer studies Saint Augustine, John Locke, John Rawls, Henri Bergson and Stanley Cavell to present a more accurate picture of what secularism is, what it does, and how it can be reimagined to be more conducive to genuine democracy"--