Democratic Experiments

Author : Benjamin J. Hurlbut
Publisher : Columbia University Press
Page : 376 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2017-01-31
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780231542913

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Experiments in Democracy by Benjamin J. Hurlbut Pdf

Human embryo research touches upon strongly felt moral convictions, and it raises such deep questions about the promise and perils of scientific progress that debate over its development has become a moral and political imperative. From in vitro fertilization to embryonic stem cell research, cloning, and gene editing, Americans have repeatedly struggled with how to define the moral status of the human embryo, whether to limit its experimental uses, and how to contend with sharply divided public moral perspectives on governing science. Experiments in Democracy presents a history of American debates over human embryo research from the late 1960s to the present, exploring their crucial role in shaping norms, practices, and institutions of deliberation governing the ethical challenges of modern bioscience. J. Benjamin Hurlbut details how scientists, bioethicists, policymakers, and other public figures have attempted to answer a question of great consequence: how should the public reason about aspects of science and technology that effect fundamental dimensions of human life? Through a study of one of the most significant science policy controversies in the history of the United States, Experiments in Democracy paints a portrait of the complex relationship between science and democracy, and of U.S. society's evolving approaches to evaluating and governing science's most challenging breakthroughs.

Author : Brice Laurent
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2017-05-12
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780262344494

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Democratic Experiments by Brice Laurent Pdf

An examination of nanotechnology as a lens through which to study contemporary democracy in both theory and practice. In Democratic Experiments, Brice Laurent discusses the challenges that emerging technologies create for democracy today. He focuses on nanotechnology and its attendant problems, proposing nanotechnology as a lens through which to understand contemporary democracy in both theory and practice. Arguing that democracy is at stake where nanotechnology is defined as a problem, Laurent examines the sites where nanotechnology is discussed and debated by scientists, policymakers, and citizens. It is at these sites where the joint production of nanotechnology and the democratic order can be observed. Focusing on the United States, France, and Europe, and various international organizations, Laurent analyzes representations of nanotechnology in science museums, collective discussions in participatory settings, the making of categories such as “nanomaterials” or responsible innovation” in standardization and regulatory arenas, and initiatives undertaken by social movements. He contrasts American debates, in which the concern for public objectivity is central, with the French “state experiment,” the European goal of harmonization, and the international concern with a global market. In France, public debate proceeded in response to public protest and encountered a radical critique of technological development; the United States experimented with an innovative approach to technology assessment. The European regulatory approach results in lengthy debates over political integration; the United States relies on the adversarial functioning of federal agencies. Because nanotechnology is a domain where concerns over anticipation and participation are pervasive, Laurent argues, nanotechnology—and science and technology studies more generally—provides a relevant focus for a renewed analysis of democracy.

Author : Michael Bratton,Nicolas Van de Walle
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 1997-08-13
Category : History
ISBN : 0521556120

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Democratic Experiments in Africa by Michael Bratton,Nicolas Van de Walle Pdf

Appendix: The Data Set.

Author : Meg Jacobs,William J. Novak,Julian Zelizer
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 464 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2009-01-10
Category : History
ISBN : 9781400825820

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The Democratic Experiment by Meg Jacobs,William J. Novak,Julian Zelizer Pdf

In a series of fascinating essays that explore topics in American politics from the nation's founding to the present day , The Democratic Experiment opens up exciting new avenues for historical research while offering bold claims about the tensions that have animated American public life. Revealing the fierce struggles that have taken place over the role of the federal government and the character of representative democracy, the authors trace the contested and dynamic evolution of the national polity. The contributors, who represent the leading new voices in the revitalized field of American political history, offer original interpretations of the nation's political past by blending methodological insights from the new institutionalism in the social sciences and studies of political culture. They tackle topics as wide-ranging as the role of personal character of political elites in the Early Republic, to the importance of courts in building a modern regulatory state, to the centrality of local political institutions in the late twentieth century. Placing these essays side by side encourages the asking of new questions about the forces that have shaped American politics over time. An unparalleled example of the new political history in action, this book will be vastly influential in the field. In addition to the editors, the contributors are Brian Balogh, Sven Beckert, Rebecca Edwards, Joanne B. Freeman, Richard R. John, Ira Katznelson, James T. Kloppenberg, Matthew D. Lassiter, Thomas J. Sugrue, Michael Vorenberg, and Michael Willrich.

Author : Carl Disalvo
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 235 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2022-02-08
Category : Design
ISBN : 9780262368957

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Design as Democratic Inquiry by Carl Disalvo Pdf

Through practices of collaborative imagination and making, or "doing design otherwise,” design experiments can contribute to keeping local democracies vibrant. In this counterpoint to the grand narratives of design punditry, Carl DiSalvo presents what he calls “doing design otherwise.” Arguing that democracy requires constant renewal and care, he shows how designers can supply novel contributions to local democracy by drawing together theory and practice, making and reflection. The relentless pursuit of innovation, uncritical embrace of the new and novel, and treatment of all things as design problems, says DiSalvo, can lead to cultural imperialism. In Design as Democratic Inquiry, he recounts a series of projects that exemplify engaged design in practice. These experiments in practice-based research are grounded in collaborations with communities and institutions. The projects DiSalvo describes took place from 2014 to 2019 in Atlanta. Rather than presume that government, industry—or academia—should determine the outcome, the designers began with the recognition that the residents and local organizations were already creative and resourceful. DiSalvo uses the projects to show how design might work as a mode of inquiry. Resisting heroic stories of design and innovation, he argues for embracing design as fragile, contingent, partial, and compromised. In particular, he explores how design might be leveraged to facilitate a more diverse civic imagination. A fundamental tenet of design is that the world is made, and therefore it could be made differently. A key concept is that democracy requires constant renewal and care. Thus, designing becomes a way to care, together, for our collective future.

Author : Leonardo A. VillalÃ3n,Peter VonDoepp
Publisher : Indiana University Press
Page : 342 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2005-09-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0253003113

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The Fate of Africa's Democratic Experiments by Leonardo A. VillalÃ3n,Peter VonDoepp Pdf

Does Western-style democracy make sense in the various geographic, economic, and social settings of the continent? How far toward democracy have recent liberalization movements gone? In The Fate of Africa's Democratic Experiments, Leonardo A. VillalÃ3n, Peter VonDoepp, and an international group of contributors consider the aftermath, success, failure, and future of the wave of democracy that swept Africa in the early 1990s. In some countries, democratic movements flourished, while in others, democratic success was more circumscribed. This detailed analysis of key political events in countries at the forefront of democratic change -- Benin, Central African Republic, Congo, Guinea-Bissau, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, and Zambia -- provides for broadly representative continental and linguistic coverage of directions and prospects for Africa's democracies. The contributors are Michael Chege, John F. Clark, Joshua B. Forrest, Abdourahmane Idrissa, Bruce Magnusson, Carrie Manning, Richard R. Marcus, Andreas Mehler, David J. Simon, Leonardo A. VillalÃ3n, and Peter VonDoepp.

Author : Hilary Wainwright
Publisher : Verso
Page : 280 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2003-07-17
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 1859846890

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Reclaim the State by Hilary Wainwright Pdf

From England to Brazil, and Norway to China, Hilary Wainwright sets out on a quest to discover how people are creating new, stronger forms of democracy.

Author : Robert D. Putnam,Robert Leonardi,Raffaella Y. Nanetti
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 280 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 1994-05-27
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 140082074X

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Making Democracy Work by Robert D. Putnam,Robert Leonardi,Raffaella Y. Nanetti Pdf

Why do some democratic governments succeed and others fail? In a book that has received attention from policymakers and civic activists in America and around the world, Robert Putnam and his collaborators offer empirical evidence for the importance of "civic community" in developing successful institutions. Their focus is on a unique experiment begun in 1970 when Italy created new governments for each of its regions. After spending two decades analyzing the efficacy of these governments in such fields as agriculture, housing, and health services, they reveal patterns of associationism, trust, and cooperation that facilitate good governance and economic prosperity.

Author : Allan R. Brewer-Carías
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 433 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2010-09-20
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781139492355

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Dismantling Democracy in Venezuela by Allan R. Brewer-Carías Pdf

This book examines the process of dismantling the democratic institutions and protections in Venezuela under the Hugo Chávez regime. The actions of the Chávez government have influenced similar processes and undemocratic manoeuvrings in Ecuador, Bolivia, and Honduras. Since the election of Hugo Chávez as president of Venezuela in 1998, a sinister form of nationalistic authoritarianism has arisen at the expense of long-established democratic standards. During the past decade, the 1999 Venezuelan Constitution has been systematically attacked by all branches of the Chávez government, particularly by the Supreme Tribunal of Justice, which has legitimized the Chávez-ordered constitutional violations. The Chávez regime has purposely defrauded the Constitution and severely restricted representative government, all in the name of a supposedly participatory democracy controlled by a popularly supported central government. This volume illustrates how an authoritarian, nondemocratic government has been established in Venezuela.

Author : Yascha Mounk
Publisher : Penguin
Page : 369 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2022-04-19
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780593296820

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The Great Experiment by Yascha Mounk Pdf

One of Barack Obama's Recommended Reads for Summer “[A] brave and necessary book . . . Anyone interested in the future of liberal democracy, in the US or anywhere else, should read this book.” —Anne Applebaum “A convincing, humane, and hopeful guide to the present and future by one of our foremost democratic thinkers.” —George Packer “A rare thing: [an] academic treatise . . . that may actually have influence in the arena of practical politics. . . . Passionate and personal.” —Joe Klein, New York Times Book Review From one of our sharpest and most important political thinkers, a brilliant big-picture vision of the greatest challenge of our time—how to bridge the bitter divides within diverse democracies enough for them to remain stable and functional Some democracies are highly homogeneous. Others have long maintained a brutal racial or religious hierarchy, with some groups dominating and exploiting others. Never in history has a democracy succeeded in being both diverse and equal, treating members of many different ethnic or religious groups fairly. And yet achieving that goal is now central to the democratic project in countries around the world. It is, Yascha Mounk argues, the greatest experiment of our time. Drawing on history, social psychology, and comparative politics, Mounk examines how diverse societies have long suffered from the ills of domination, fragmentation, or structured anarchy. So it is hardly surprising that most people are now deeply pessimistic that different groups might be able to integrate in harmony, celebrating their differences without essentializing them. But Mounk shows us that the past can offer crucial insights for how to do better in the future. There is real reason for hope. It is up to us and the institutions we build whether different groups will come to see each other as enemies or friends, as strangers or compatriots. To make diverse democracies endure, and even thrive, we need to create a world in which our ascriptive identities come to matter less—not because we ignore the injustices that still characterize the United States and so many other countries around the world, but because we have succeeded in addressing them. The Great Experiment is that rare book that offers both a profound understanding of an urgent problem and genuine hope for our human capacity to solve it. As Mounk contends, giving up on the prospects of building fair and thriving diverse democracies is simply not an option—and that is why we must strive to realize a more ambitious vision for the future of our societies.

Author : Paulinus Chukwudi Iwuji
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 292 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : History
ISBN : IND:30000116086061

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Beyond Africa's Democratic Experiments by Paulinus Chukwudi Iwuji Pdf

Author : Sergio Bitar,Abraham F. Lowenthal
Publisher : JHU Press
Page : 487 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2015-09-15
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781421417608

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Democratic Transitions by Sergio Bitar,Abraham F. Lowenthal Pdf

Thirteen former presidents and prime ministers discuss how they helped their countries end authoritarian rule and achieve democracy. National leaders who played key roles in transitions to democratic governance reveal how these were accomplished in Brazil, Chile, Ghana, Indonesia, Mexico, the Philippines, Poland, South Africa, and Spain. Commissioned by the International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA), these interviews shed fascinating light on how repressive regimes were ended and democracy took hold. In probing conversations with Fernando Henrique Cardoso, Patricio Aylwin, Ricardo Lagos, John Kufuor, Jerry Rawlings, B. J. Habibie, Ernesto Zedillo, Fidel V. Ramos, Aleksander Kwasniewski, Tadeusz Mazowiecki, F. W. de Klerk, Thabo Mbeki, and Felipe González, editors Sergio Bitar and Abraham F. Lowenthal focused on each leader’s principal challenges and goals as well as their strategies to end authoritarian rule and construct democratic governance. Context-setting introductions by country experts highlight each nation’s unique experience as well as recurrent challenges all transitions faced. A chapter by Georgina Waylen analyzes the role of women leaders, often underestimated. A foreword by Tunisia’s former president, Mohamed Moncef Marzouki, underlines the book’s relevance in North Africa, West Asia, and beyond. The editors’ conclusion distills lessons about how democratic transitions have been and can be carried out in a changing world, emphasizing the importance of political leadership. This unique book should be valuable for political leaders, civil society activists, journalists, scholars, and all who want to support democratic transitions.

Author : Mark E. Warren,Hilary Pearse
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 252 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2008-02-07
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0521885078

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Designing Deliberative Democracy by Mark E. Warren,Hilary Pearse Pdf

Is it possible to advance democracy by empowering ordinary citizens to make key decisions about the design of political institutions and policies? In 2004, the government of British Columbia embarked on a bold democratic experiment: it created an assembly of 160 near-randomly selected citizens to assess and redesign the province's electoral system. The British Columbia Citizens' Assembly represents the first time a citizen body has had the power to reform fundamental political institutions. It was an innovative gamble that has been replicated elsewhere in Canada and in the Netherlands, and is gaining increasing attention in Europe as a democratic alternative for constitution-making and constitutional reform. In the USA, advocates view citizens' assemblies as a means for reforming referendum processes. This book investigates the citizens' assembly in British Columbia to test and refine key propositions of democratic theory and practice.

Author : Gianpaolo Baiocchi
Publisher : Zed Books
Page : 278 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2003-10-17
Category : History
ISBN : 1842771736

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Radicals in Power by Gianpaolo Baiocchi Pdf

This book throws real light on the single most strategic tendency in Brazilian politics in recent years.

Author : Robert P. Abele
Publisher : Hamilton Books
Page : 344 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2009-08-16
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780761846765

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Democracy Gone by Robert P. Abele Pdf

In Democracy Gone, Abele argues that the last eight years in particular have shown us that our democracy has largely disintegrated, leaving behind only an exoskeleton that was once its original vertebrae of ends and principles. This book questions whether or not the American democratic experiment has run out of steam and if, through our inattention, we have replaced our democracy with politicians lustful for power and central authority that is out of touch with the needs of common people. The essays included in Democracy Gone focus specifically on two questions. First, how true are we staying to our founding values in our national actions and dialogues? Second, how consistent and universal is our application of the principles and standards we claim to hold dear? The underlying call is that it is critical to our form of democracy in the United States that citizens once again become active participants in the issues of the day: nothing less than the reclamation of our democracy is at stake.