Developing Rainfall Based Index Insurance In Morocco
Developing Rainfall Based Index Insurance In Morocco Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle version is available to download in english. Read online anytime anywhere directly from your device. Click on the download button below to get a free pdf file of Developing Rainfall Based Index Insurance In Morocco book. This book definitely worth reading, it is an incredibly well-written.
Developing Rainfall-based Index Insurance in Morocco by Anonim Pdf
Almost 90 percent of Moroccan agriculture is not irrigated, and since most of Morocco's crops depend on adequate rainfall, yields and production vary widely. A drought insurance program based on rainfall index contracts is feasible in parts of Morocco and could significantly benefit its farmers.
Developing Rainfall-Based Index Insurance in Morocco by Jerry R. Skees Pdf
Almost 90 percent of Moroccan agriculture is not irrigated, and since most of Morocco's crops depend on adequate rainfall, yields and production vary widely. A drought insurance program based on rainfall index contracts is feasible in parts of Morocco and could significantly benefit its farmers.Cereal production accounts for about 70 percent of all agricultural land in Morocco. Cereal producer prices, influenced by the government, are higher than world prices. Production is divided into six broad agroclimatic zones. About half of cereal production is concentrated in the favorable and intermediate zones; the rest occurs mostly in less favorable (arid and semi-arid) zones, with average annual rainfall below 450 millimeters.Skees and colleagues assess the feasibility of rainfall-based index insurance to provide effective, low-cost drought insurance for Moroccan farmers and rural dwellers. Their analysis focuses on Morocco's three main cereal crops - hard wheat, soft wheat, and barley - using data on annual production and planting from 1978-99. Maize is included in some of the analysis.The benefits of this program over the traditional insurance scheme are that it minimizes the risk of moral hazard and adverse selection and promotes a streamlined pay-out process. These features make the program more attractive to international re-insurers and investors in capital markets.A rainfall-indexed insurance product is feasible in Morocco, where the statistical correlation between rainfall and cereal revenues is rather strong in 17 provinces in the more favorable agroclimatic zones. Proportional rainfall insurance contracts would pay the insured an amount based on the shortfall in actual rainfall during a set period compared with the trigger rainfall. The contracts could be purchased in any amount, allowing farmers to insure the full amount of their expected revenue if they wish.This paper - a joint product of Private Sector Development and Finance Group, Middle East and North Africa Region; Rural Development, Development Research Group; and Financial Sector Department - is part of a larger effort in the Bank to analyze the feasibility of weather-based index insurance markets in developing countries. The authors may be contacted at [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], or [email protected].
Economic Aspects of Adaptation to Climate Change Costs, Benefits and Policy Instruments by OECD Pdf
This report provides a critical assessment of adaptation costs and benefits in key climate sensitive sectors, as well as at national and global levels.
Drought characteristics and management in North Africa and the Near East by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Pdf
The report assesses the occurrence and impacts of drought, the current policies underlying drought management as well as the mitigation measures and responses adopted in the Near East and North Africa region, with a focus on the Agriculture Sector. It is the third of a series of similar studies carried out in different regions and countries of the world, with the objective of shedding light on drought effects, sensitizing policy-makers for the much needed paradigm shift to pro-active drought management planning and providing guidance for the development of such policies. The studies are carried out by FAO, in collaboration with the Water for Food Institute, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, USA, as a direct contribution to FAO's Strategic Objective "increasing the resilience of livelihoods to disasters" and Strategic Objective "make agriculture, forestry and fisheries more productive and sustainable".
Development economics between markets and institutions by Erwin Bulte,Ruerd Ruben Pdf
"This volume in the Mansholt series presents state of the art discussions on a wide variety of topics in the field of (agricultural) development. More than 20 chapters have been prepared by internationally known scholars and policy analysts, providing a concise overview of a variety of recent debates in development economics. While the background of most contributors is in economic science, the chapters are prepared so that they feed into ongoing policy discussions and are accessible to a wide readership. The contributions in this volume are organized around five themes: prospects for rural poverty alleviation, sustainable management of natural resources, strategies for enhancing food security, markets and the role of the state, and institutions and governance. It is obvious there are many links between these themes, and indeed the integration between them is emphasized in various chapters. This book is prepared as a festschrift or Liber Amicorum for professor Arie Kuyvenhoven. His retirement from the Development Economics Group at Wageningen University, The Netherlands is a good opportunity to take stock of recent developments in the area of agricultural development economics. Therefore, in addition to being a valuable source of information for readers with an interest in development, this volume is also intended as a farewell gift: to Arie, from friends and colleagues."
Environmental finance, particularly energy efficiency and renewable energy (EERE) finance, can and should serve as an interface to other sub-sectors of financial sector promotion such as microfinance, housing finance or agricultural finance. For example, existing clients of financial institutions include small and medium-sized enterprises and households, and these are often suffering from high energy prices or have no access to sustainable energy supply. At the same time, these clients are vulnerable to extreme weather events, and often hit hardest by the impact of climate change. There are many other examples which show that the financial sector has an enormous potential to support “green” investments. In order to tap this potential on a sustainable basis, it is important to have a sound understanding which role financial institutions can and should play. This book provides a blend of well-founded professional and scientific perspectives on the potential of Environmental finance in developing and transition countries.
Climate Change and Food Security in West Asia and North Africa by Mannava V.K. Sivakumar,Rattan Lal,Ramasamy Selvaraju,Ibrahim Hamdan Pdf
The countries of West Asia and North Africa (WANA) have long had the challenge of providing sustainable livelihoods for their populations in the fragile ecosystems of semi-arid and arid areas. Climate change is already a reality in WANA and it places additional constraints on the already fragile ecosystems of dry areas and limited natural resources in WANA. A comprehensive and integrated approach to planning and implementing the climate change adaptation strategies across the wide range of agro-ecosystems in different countries in WANA could help both the planners and the local communities to deal effectively with the projected impacts and also contribute to overall sustainability of agricultural production systems. This book addresses the important issue of climate change and food security in West Asia and North Africa and presents the appropriate strategies which could help in the development of new policies to better adapt agriculture production systems and enhance food security in WANA.
Insurance of Crops in Developing Countries by Richard A. J. Roberts Pdf
This publication is primarily concerned with risks to arable and horticultural crops, and the applicability of insurance to managing these risks. Its purpose is to provide an introductory overview of crop and forestry insurance. It begins by defining the boundaries for these types of insurance products in order to assist those interested in exploring and exploiting this financial mechanism. It then outlines how to proceed with planning for crop insurance within the established boundaries. While recognizing that classic, damage-based and yield-based insurance products account for the bulk of all crop insurance written globally, the booklet also points out the dynamism of research and development into new insurance mechanisms. It presents two fairly new insurance products: the first based on insuring a level of crop revenue, and the second where insurable damage is determined on the basis of an index derived from data external to the insured farm. While some of the example material is taken from agriculture and forestry in developed countries, the basic target group of readers is expected to be those concerned with crop and forest risk management in developing parts of the world. This publication will be of interest to farmer unions, producer/commodity groups, processors, marketing firms and others contracting with farmer producers, officials of Ministries of Agriculture, Planning and Commerce, and bankers and insurers with farming and forestry clients.
Climate Change and Migration by Quentin Wodon,Andrea Liverani,George Joseph,Nathalie Bougnoux Pdf
Climate change and migration are major concerns in the MENA region, yet the empirical evidence on the impact of climate change and extreme weather events on migration remains limited. Information is broadly lacking on how households in vulnerable areas perceive changes in the climate, how they are affected by extreme weather events, whether they benefit from community and government programs to help them cope with and adapt to a changing climate, and how these conditions influence the decision of household members to migrate, either temporarily or permanently. This introductory chapter summarizes briefly the main results of the study which relied on existing data as well as focus groups and new household surveys collected in 2011 in Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Syria, and Yemen. The results suggest that households do perceive important changes in the climate, and that many households are being affected by extreme weather events resulting in losses in income, crops, and livestock. The coping and adaptation strategies used by households to deal with weather shocks are diverse, but also limited, with most households not able to recover from the negative impact of weather shocks. The ability of community level responses and government programs to support households is also very limited. Finally, while climate change is not today the main driver of migration flows, it does appear to contribute substantially to these flows, so that worsening climatic conditions are likely to exacerbate future migration flows.
Climate Change and Legumes by Mohammad Zabed Hossain,Hossain Md Anawar,Doongar R. Chaudhary Pdf
Global climate change has created unprecedented challenges for human civilization due to its widespread adverse consequences, including a reduction in crop yield and threatening food security across the globe. Among the crop plants, legumes have great potential for ameliorating global warming since they can reduce carbon emissions by lowering reliance on the application of chemical fertilizers, by increasing nitrification and carbon sequestration in soil, and by providing protein-rich diets to both humans and livestock. This book identifies the extent of climate-induced stresses on legume plants and focuses on achieving food security through sustainable agricultural practices. This book compiles recent research findings and reviews on climate-related problems, the potential of legumes in ameliorating the impacts of climate change, as well as better management of agricultural land and practices for achieving environmental sustainability and food security. This book will serve as guidelines for scientists, agricultural practitioners, and policymakers working to achieve food security and better management of climate-induced stresses in agricultural interventions. It will also be useful as a reference book for researchers and students of both graduate and postgraduate levels. Furthermore, this book will provide enhanced knowledge about the mechanisms of yield and stress tolerance of legumes as well as developing climate-smart crops and improving cropping systems for a sustainable environment and food security. Features of the book Reviews trends of global climate change and its consequences for food security across the continents Identifies the challenges and scopes of cultivating legumes in achieving food security in the context of global climate change Focuses on the improvements of legume production through conservation approaches in agricultural practices and modern techniques, including omics-based breeding, biotechnology, genetic engineering, and rhizobium technology Discusses the sustainable amelioration options for soils affected by climate-induced stresses Cites examples of applications of rhizobium technologies in reducing greenhouse gas emission Describes pathways associated with yield, resistance, and tolerance of legumes to climate-induced stresses
Migration and Environmental Change in Morocco by Lore Van Praag,Loubna Ou-Salah,Elodie Hut,Caroline Zickgraf Pdf
This open access book studies the migration aspirations and trajectories of people living in two regions in Morocco that are highly affected by environmental change or emigration, namely Tangier and Tinghir, as well as the migration trajectories of immigrants coming from these regions currently living in Belgium. This book departs from the development of a new theoretical framework on the relationship between environmental changes and migration that can be applied to the Moroccan case. Qualitative research conducted in both countries demonstrate how the interplay between migration and environmental factors is not as straightforward as it seems, due to its wider social, political, economic, demographic and environmental context. Findings show how existing cultures of migration, remittances, views on nature and discourses on climate change create distinct abilities, capacities and aspirations to migrate due to environmental changes. The results illustrate how migration and environmental factors evolve gradually and mutually influence each other. In doing so, this book offers new insights in the ways migration can be seen as an adaptation strategy to deal with environmental change in Morocco.
Risk Analysis and Management - Trends, Challenges and Emerging Issues by Ales Bernatik,Chongfu Huang,Olivier Salvi Pdf
This book collects the papers presented at the 6th International Conference on Risk Analysis and Crisis Response (RACR-2017) held in Ostrava/Prague, Czech Republic, on June 5-9, 2017, organized by VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, Czech Republic. The overall theme of the sixth international conference on risk analysis and crisis response is Risk Analysis and Management – Trends, Challenges and Emerging Issues, highlighting science and technology to improve risk analysis capabilities and to optimize crisis response strategy. This book contains primarily research articles of risk issues. Underlying topics include natural hazards and major (chemical) accidents prevention, disaster risk reduction and society resilience, information and communication technologies safety and cybersecurity, modern trends in crisis management, energy and resources security, critical infrastructure, nanotechnology safety and others. All topics include aspects of multidisciplinarity and complexity of safety in education and research. The book should be valuable to professors, engineers, officials, businessmen and graduate students in risk analysis and risk management. About the book series Communications in Cybernetics, Systems Science and Engineering - Proceedings (CCSSEP) is a cross-disciplinary book series devoted to theoretical and applied research contributions, that cater to a rapidly growing worldwide interest in a cybernetic and systemic methodology with an ever-increasing capacity to deal with new challenges in a way that traditional science cannot. The series aims to become a comprehensive reference work on and guide to developments within the field and strategies required for better implementation of advances, with a view to environmental protection and sustainable social and economic development. The CCSSE series targets all working in theoretical and applied fields of cybernetics, systems science and engineering, e.g. academics, researchers and consultants, computer and information scientists, development and systems engineers, mathematicians, management cyberneticists and systemists, medical scientists, and intelligent and manufacturing engineers in industry, as well as leading decision- and policy-makers. Series editor: Jeffrey ‘Yi-Lin’ Forrest
