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Developments in Crime and Crime Control Research by Klaus Sessar,Hans-Jürgen Kerner Pdf
"One of the central features of modern German criminology in revealing the 'true nature of crime' follows the tradition of enlightment" instead of accommodating the approach of the criminal justice system. This contention is made by the editors of Developments in Crime and Crime Control Research, Drs. Sessar and Kerner, as they continue to bridge the traditional gap between Anglo-American scholars in criminology and their German counterparts. The language barrier has long been another contributing circumstance to the division of philosophy among countries, but recently, substantial attempts are being undertaken to examine more closely the differences among specific criminological schools of thinking. Drs. Sessar and Kerner point out that, although crime has its universality, a clear understanding of the various approaches to the problem of crime will prove of benefit to those in the field in all countries.
Handbook of Research on Trends and Issues in Crime Prevention, Rehabilitation, and Victim Support by Balloni, Augusto,Sette, Raffaella Pdf
A complex and vulnerable contemporary society continually poses new challenges in terms of social conflict, and as crime advances, so must strategies for prevention and rehabilitation. Many facets of crime prevention and rehabilitation of offenders are public activities closely linked to other aspects of the political and social life of a region. The Handbook of Research on Trends and Issues in Crime Prevention, Rehabilitation, and Victim Support is a scholarly publication that examines existing knowledge on crime dynamics and the implementation of crime victims’ rights. Highlighting a wide array of topics such as cyberbullying, predatory crimes, and psychological violence, this book is ideal for criminologists, forensic psychologists, psychiatrists, victim advocates, law enforcement, criminal profilers, crime analysts, therapists, rehabilitation specialists, psychologists, correctional facilities, wardens, government officials, policymakers, academicians, researchers, and students.
Evidence-Based Policing and Community Crime Prevention by James McGuire,Emily Evans,Eddie Kane Pdf
This book addresses and reviews progress in a major innovative development within police work known as evidence-based policing. It involves a significant extension and strengthening of links between research and practice and is directed to the task of increasing police effectiveness in the field of community crime prevention. This volume provides an international perspective that synthesizes recent research results from the United States and other countries – including systematic reviews of large bodies of evidence – to illuminate several of the most challenging issues currently confronting police departments. It examines recent advances in research-based models of policing and the expanding base in outcome evaluation. Key areas of coverage include: Managing the nighttime economy. Supervising sex offenders. Tackling domestic/intimate partner violence. Addressing school violence and the formation of gangs. Reducing victim and witness retraction and disengagement. Responding to mental disorders, safeguarding vulnerable adults, and providing victim support. Leveraging public awareness campaigns. In addition, each chapter presents an overview of key issues within a designated area, synthesizes existing reviews, and examines the most recent research. The book clearly and concisely presents major concepts, theories, and research findings, thereby providing both conceptual and analytic tools alongside an integrated presentation of principal findings and messages. The volume concludes with a discussion of current directions in research, key developments in policing strategies, and identification of effective operational structures for facilitating and sustaining research-practice links. Evidence-Based Policing and Community Crime Prevention is a must-have resource for researchers, clinicians and other professionals, and graduate students in forensic psychology, criminology and criminal justice, public health, developmental psychology, psychotherapy and counseling, psychiatry, social work, educational policy and politics, health psychology, nursing, and behavioral therapy/rehabilitation.
Advances in Evidence-Based Policing by Johannes Knutsson,Lisa Tompson Pdf
The evidence-based policing (EBP) movement has intensified in many countries around the world in recent years, resulting in a proliferation of policies and infrastructure to support such a transformation. This movement has come to be associated with particular methods of evaluation and systematic review, which have been drawn from what is assumed to prevail in medicine. Given the credibility EBP is currently enjoying with both practitioners and government, it is timely to subject its underpinning logic to thoughtful scrutiny. This involves deliberating upon the meaning of evidence and what different models of knowledge accumulation and research methods have to offer in realising the aims of EBP. The communication and presentation of evidence to practitioner audiences is another important aspect of EBP, as are collaborative efforts to ‘co-produce’ new knowledge on police practice. This is the first book that takes a kaleidoscopic approach to depict what EBP presently is and how it could develop. The chapters individually and collectively challenge the underlying logic to the mainstream EBP position, and the book concludes with an agenda for a more inclusive conceptualisation of evidence and EBP for the future. It is aimed at students and academics who are interested in being part of this movement, as well as policymakers and practitioners interested in integrating EBP principles into their practices.
Genetic Surveillance and Crime Control by Helena Machado,Rafaela Granja Pdf
Genetic Surveillance and Crime Control presents a new empirical and conceptual framework for understanding trends of genetic surveillance in different countries in Europe and in other jurisdictions around the world. The use of DNA or genome for state-level surveillance for crime governance is becoming the norm in democratic societies. In the post-DNA, contemporary modes of criminal identification are gradually changing through the increasing expansion of transnational sharing of DNA data, along with the development of highly controversial genetic technologies that pose acute challenges to privacy and generate fears of discrimination, racism and stigmatization. Some questions that guide this book are: How is genetic surveillance in the governance of crime intertwined with society, ethics, culture, and politics? What are the views and expectations of diverse stakeholders –scientists, police agencies, and non-governmental organizations? How can social sciences research about genetic surveillance accommodate socio-cultural and historical differences, and be sensitive to specificities of post-authoritarian societies in Europe? Taking an interdisciplinary approach focused on challenges to genetic privacy, human rights and citizenship in contemporary societies , this book will be of interest to students and scholars of social studies of science and technology, sociology, criminology, law and policing, international relations and forensic sciences.
Preventing Crime and Violence by Brent Teasdale,Mindy S. Bradley Pdf
This insightful volume integrates criminological theories, prevention science, and empirical findings to create an up-to-date survey of crime prevention research and strategies. Its interdisciplinary perspective expands on our knowledge of risk factors to isolate the malleable mechanisms that produce criminal outcomes, and can therefore be targeted for intervention. In addition, the text identifies developmental, lifespan, and social areas for effective intervention. Reviews of family-, community-, and criminal justice-based crime prevention approaches not only detail a wide gamut of successful techniques, but also provide evidence for why they succeed. And as an extra research dimension, the book’s chapters on methodological issues and challenges uncover rich possibilities for the next generation of crime prevention studies. Included in the coverage: Integrating criminology and prevention research Social disorganization theory: its history and relevance to crime prevention Research designs in crime and violence prevention Macro- and micro-approaches to crime prevention and intervention programs Implications of life course: approaches for prevention science Promising avenues for prevention, including confronting sexual victimization on college campuses Spotlighting current progress and continuing evolution of the field, Preventing Crime and Violence will enhance the work of researchers, practitioners, academicians, and policymakers in public health, prevention science, criminology, and criminal justice, as well as students interested in criminology and criminal justice.
Crime Prevention Policies in Comparative Perspective by Adam Crawford Pdf
For the past two decades or more the growth of public policies and strategies aimed at crime prevention and community safety has constituted one of the major innovations in crime control, with significant implications for the manner in which crime and safety are governed. But how has 'the preventive turn' in crime control policies been implemented in various different countries and what have its implications been? What lessons have been learnt over the ensuing years and what are the major trends influencing the direction of development? What does the future hold for crime prevention and community safety?These are some of the questions explored in this book through a comparative analysis of developments in crime prevention policies across a number of European countries. Contributors explore and assess the different models adopted and the shifting emphasis accorded to differing strategies over time. The book also seeks to compare and contrast different approaches as well as the nature and extent of policy transfer between jurisdictions and the internationalisation of key ideas, strategies and theories of crime prevention and community safety. The book brings together a collection of leading international experts to explore the lessons learnt through implementation, and the future directions of crime prevention policies. Many of the contributors have been closely involved in crime prevention and community safety policy development and research in different countries. As such, they are well placed to reflect upon developmental trajectories over the last quarter of a century, as well as to draw out the underlying influences that have shaped such changes.
United States. National Advisory Committee on Criminal Justice Standards and Goals. Task Force on Criminal Justice Research and Development,United States. National Advisory Committee on Criminal Justice Standards and Goals
Author : United States. National Advisory Committee on Criminal Justice Standards and Goals. Task Force on Criminal Justice Research and Development,United States. National Advisory Committee on Criminal Justice Standards and Goals Publisher : Unknown Page : 204 pages File Size : 51,9 Mb Release : 1976 Category : Criminal justice, Administration of ISBN : MINN:31951D00830543F
Criminal Justice Research and Development by United States. National Advisory Committee on Criminal Justice Standards and Goals. Task Force on Criminal Justice Research and Development,United States. National Advisory Committee on Criminal Justice Standards and Goals Pdf
Intended for federal, state, and local policymakers in the area of criminal justice research and development, this report includes guidelines for improvement of the quality, relevance, and utilization of research results. In order to cover these issues, part two of this report focuses respectively on the needs of research and development policymakers who fund criminal justice research and development, researchers who conduct research and development, and practitioners who put research and development results into use. Guidelines and principles are proposed which should assist policymakers at all levels of government. However, some topics tend to be addressed more to the federal level, where major research and development decisions are often made. The first chapter of this part presents a detailed discussion of institutional support for criminal justice research and development. It describes the federal role in supporting this effort, focusing on who the agencies are, the extent of their involvement, and how the principal agencies are organized to manage their research and development programs. Recommendations regarding the research and development management activities of criminal justice funding agencies are included. Several important issues in the conduct of criminal justice research and development are examined in the second chapter. Among the topics discussed are constraints on research, ethical issues, research designs and methodologies, prerequisites for sound planning and project selection, ways of maintaining the confidentiality of data, and ways of making data more easily available for research and statistical purposes. The final chapter of this section discusses research and development utilization practices and the assumptions underlying current policies in this area. A criticism of these policies and recommendations for new strategies is presented. The final part of this report provides an analysis of the kinds of problems often encountered in research and development. Three general types of criminal justice research and development are discussed: technology (e.g., hardware) research, research on problems of criminal justice organizations (e.g., arrest, prosecution, sentencing, and parole), and research on new criminal justice problems. For each type of research and development, the relevant issues and recommendations are discussed. Most of these, however, still related to either the support or conduct of research and development. The report also attempts to provide concrete illustrative examples by raising the relevant issues in the context of crime prevention at commercial and residential sites (technology research), sentencing (research on problems of criminal justice organizations), and problems of the victim (research on new criminal justice problems).
Author : John Lowman,Brian MacLean Publisher : University of Toronto Press Page : 388 pages File Size : 43,7 Mb Release : 1992-01-01 Category : Social Science ISBN : 0802077021
Realist Criminology by John Lowman,Brian MacLean Pdf
In the 1980s in Britain a new school of critical criminology arose to challenge the political and philosophical idealism that characterized its critical predecessors, and to offer an alternative to the crime control policies of the 'New Right.' Arguing that by overemphasizing the crimes of the powerful, much of critical criminology had virtually ignored the impact of street crime on its victims, a 'left realism' emerged to reassert the centrality of the victim in the development of a progressive criminology. Critical realism recognizes the seriousness of street crime for those people victimized by it (particularly women), acknowledges that a consensus as to the desireability of a core group of laws does exist, and advocates various kinds of criminal justice reform and crime prevention strategies. In this respect, there are important parallels with debates in feminism concerning the role of the state in the problem of violence against women. One of the most important contributions critical realism has made to criminological research is the development of local crime surveys which attempt to measure patterns of victimization and policing and how these are perceived by the general public. Such research remains largely undeveloped in North America, and it is the purpose of this book to begin to take stock of these developments, and examine their relevance for North America. This is the first text to include a critical examination of left realism, examine its relationship to feminism, and comment on its relevance outside Britain.
Task Force on Criminal Justice Research and Development
Author : Task Force on Criminal Justice Research and Development Publisher : Unknown Page : 204 pages File Size : 52,9 Mb Release : 1976 Category : Criminal justice, Administration of ISBN : UOM:39015016185251
Criminal Justice Research and Development by Task Force on Criminal Justice Research and Development Pdf
The report also attempts to provide concrete illustrative examples by raising the relevant issues in the context of crime prevention at commercial and residential sites (technology research), sentencing (research on problems of criminal justice organizations), and problems of the victim (research on new criminal justice problems).
Over recent years, the governance of crime - from policing and crime prevention to sentencing and prison organization - has moved away from a focus on reforming offenders toward preventing crime and managing behaviour using predictive and distributional (such as risk) techniques. Crime and Risk presents an engaging discussion of risk strategies and risk-taking in the domain of crime and criminal justice. It outlines the broad theoretical issues and political approaches involved, relating risk in contemporary crime governance to risk in criminal activity. Taking a broad and discursive approach, it covers: Risk-taking and contemporary culture The excitement associated with risk-taking and the impact of criminal activity The application of risk-oriented developments in crime prevention and control The use of genetic and related biotechnologies to assess and react to perceived threats The conceptualization of risk in relation to race and gender The influence of excitement upon criminal activity Evidence and accountability. ? Compact Criminology is an exciting series that invigorates and challenges the international field of criminology. Books in the series are short, authoritative, innovative assessments of emerging issues in criminology and criminal justice – offering critical, accessible introductions to important topics. They take a global rather than a narrowly national approach. Eminently readable and first-rate in quality, each book is written by a leading specialist. Compact Criminology provides a new type of tool for teaching, learning and research, one that is flexible and light on its feet. The series addresses fundamental needs in the growing and increasingly differentiated field of criminology.
Opportunity Makes the Thief by Marcus Felson,Great Britain. Home Office. Research, Development and Statistics Directorate. Policing and Reducing Crime Unit Pdf
The Future of Criminology by Rolf Loeber,Brandon C. Welsh Pdf
The Future of Criminology takes stock of the major advances and developments that have taken place in the past several decades and asks where the field of criminology is headed. In thirty-three brief essays, the field's leading scholars provide their views into the future of what needs to be done in research, policy, and practice in the discipline.