Did Muhammad Exist

Author : Robert Spencer
Publisher : Bombardier Books
Page : 307 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2021-07-13
Category : History
ISBN : 9781642938548

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Did Muhammad Exist? by Robert Spencer Pdf

Is there any sound historical evidence that the prophet of Islam actually existed, or is the entire story of Muhammad fable or fiction? It is a question that few have thought—or dared—to ask. Virtually everyone, Muslim and non-Muslim alike, takes for granted that the prophet of Islam lived as a prophet, as well as a political and military leader, in seventh-century Arabia. But this widely accepted story begins to crumble on close examination. In his blockbuster New York Times bestseller The Truth about Muhammad, historian and Islam expert Robert Spencer revealed the often shocking contents of Islamic teachings about Muhammad. Now, in this newly revised and expanded version of Did Muhammad Exist?, he lays bare those teachings’ surprisingly shaky historical foundations. This updated and enlarged version of this acclaimed book examines even more striking and compelling evidence that the story of Muhammad, who for so long was assumed to have lived in the “full light of history,” could be more myth and legend than historical fact. Spencer meticulously examines historical records and archaeological findings, pioneering new scholarship to reconstruct what we can know about Muhammad, the Qur’an, and the early days of Islam. The evidence he presents challenges the most fundamental assumptions about Islam’s origins.

Author : Sean Anthony
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 303 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2020
Category : Biography & Autobiography
ISBN : 9780520340411

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Muhammad and the Empires of Faith by Sean Anthony Pdf

"This work offers a fresh assessment of the sources for the prophet Muhammad's life, integrating the earliest non-Muslim and documentary sources with the earliest prophetic biographies written in Arabic during the eighth-ninth centuries C.E. By placing these sources within the intellectual and cultural world of Late Antiquity, the author carves out a methodological approach to studying the historical Muhammad that, though reliant on the methods of critical historical scholarship, strikes a balance between revisionist historical skepticism and naïve historical realism"--

Author : Robert Spencer,Johannes J. G. Jansen
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 254 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : Islam
ISBN : 1610170628

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Did Muhammad Exist? by Robert Spencer,Johannes J. G. Jansen Pdf

Author : Kecia Ali
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 353 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2014-10-07
Category : Biography & Autobiography
ISBN : 9780674050600

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The Lives of Muhammad by Kecia Ali Pdf

Kecia Ali delves into the many ways the Prophet’s life story has been told from the earliest days of Islam to the present, by both Muslims and non-Muslims. Emphasizing the major transformations since the nineteenth century, she shows that far from being mutually opposed, these various perspectives have become increasingly interdependent.

Author : Stephen J. Shoemaker
Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
Page : 418 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2011-11-29
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9780812205138

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The Death of a Prophet by Stephen J. Shoemaker Pdf

The oldest Islamic biography of Muhammad, written in the mid-eighth century, relates that the prophet died at Medina in 632, while earlier and more numerous Jewish, Christian, Samaritan, and even Islamic sources indicate that Muhammad survived to lead the conquest of Palestine, beginning in 634-35. Although this discrepancy has been known for several decades, Stephen J. Shoemaker here writes the first systematic study of the various traditions. Using methods and perspectives borrowed from biblical studies, Shoemaker concludes that these reports of Muhammad's leadership during the Palestinian invasion likely preserve an early Islamic tradition that was later revised to meet the needs of a changing Islamic self-identity. Muhammad and his followers appear to have expected the world to end in the immediate future, perhaps even in their own lifetimes, Shoemaker contends. When the eschatological Hour failed to arrive on schedule and continued to be deferred to an ever more distant point, the meaning of Muhammad's message and the faith that he established needed to be fundamentally rethought by his early followers. The larger purpose of The Death of a Prophet exceeds the mere possibility of adjusting the date of Muhammad's death by a few years; far more important to Shoemaker are questions about the manner in which Islamic origins should be studied. The difference in the early sources affords an important opening through which to explore the nature of primitive Islam more broadly. Arguing for greater methodological unity between the study of Christian and Islamic origins, Shoemaker emphasizes the potential value of non-Islamic sources for reconstructing the history of formative Islam.

Author : Yehuda D. Nevo,Judith Koren
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Arabian Peninsula
ISBN : 1591020832

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Crossroads to Islam by Yehuda D. Nevo,Judith Koren Pdf

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Author : Fred M. Donner
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 301 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2012-05-07
Category : History
ISBN : 9780674064140

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Muhammad and the Believers by Fred M. Donner Pdf

Looks at the history of Islam, arguing that its origins began with the "Believers" movement that emphasized strict monotheism and righteous behavior that included both Christians and Jews in its early years.

Author : Tom Holland
Publisher : Abacus
Page : 360 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2012-04-05
Category : History
ISBN : 9780748119516

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In The Shadow Of The Sword by Tom Holland Pdf

A SUNDAY TIMES TOP TEN BESTSELLER 'A stunning blockbuster' Robert Fisk 'A brilliant tour de force of revisionist scholarship and thrilling storytelling' Simon Sebag Montefiore 'A compelling detective story of the highest order' Sunday Times 'Tom Holland has an enviable gift for summoning up the colour, the individuals and animation of the past' Independent In the 6th century AD, the Near East was divided between two venerable empires: the Persian and the Roman. A hundred years on and one had vanished forever, while the other seemed almost finished. Ruling in their place were the Arabs: an upheaval so profound that it spelt, in effect, the end of the ancient world. In the Shadow of the Sword explores how this came about. Spanning from Constantinople to the Arabian desert, and starring some of the most remarkable rulers who ever lived, he tells a story vivid with drama, horror, and startling achievement.

Author : Robert Spencer
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2006-09-15
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781596980471

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The Truth About Muhammad by Robert Spencer Pdf

Muhammad: a frank look at his influential (and violent) life and teachings In The Truth about Muhammad, New York Times bestselling author and Islam expert Robert Spencer offers an honest and telling portrait of the founder of Islam-perhaps the first such portrait in half a century-unbounded by fear and political correctness, unflinching, and willing to face the hard facts about Muhammad's life that continue to affect our world today. From Muhammad's first "revelation" from Allah (which filled him with terror that he was demonpossessed) to his deathbed (from which he called down curses upon Jews and Christians), it's all here-told with extensive documentation from the sources that Muslims themselves consider most reliable about Muhammad. Spencer details Muhammad's development from a preacher of hellfire and damnation into a political and military leader who expanded his rule by force of arms, promising his warriors luridly physical delights in Paradise if they were killed in his cause. He explains how the Qur'an's teaching on warfare against unbelievers developed-with constant war to establish the hegemony of Islamic law as the last stage. Spencer also gives the truth about Muhammad's convenient "revelations" justifying his own licentiousness; his joy in the brutal murders of his enemies; and above all, his clear marching orders to his followers to convert non-Muslims to Islam-or force them to live as inferiors under Islamic rule. In The Truth about Muhammad, you'll learn - The truth about Muhammad's multiple marriages (including one to a nine-year-old) - How Muhammad set legal standards that make it virtually impossible to prove rape in Islamic countries - How Muhammad's example justifies jihad and terrorism - The real "Satanic verses" incident (not the Salman Rushdie version) that remains a scandal to Muslims - How Muhammad's faulty knowledge of Judaism and Christianity has influenced Islamic theology--and colored Muslim relations with Jews and Christians to this day. Recognizing the true nature of Islam, Spencer argues, is essential for judging the prospects for largescale Islamic reform, the effective prosecution of the War on Terror, the democracy project in Afghanistan and Iraq, and immigration and border control to protect the United States from terrorism. All of which makes it crucial for every citizen (and policymaker) who loves freedom to read and ponder The Truth about Muhammad

Author : Bart D. Ehrman
Publisher : Harper Collins
Page : 368 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2012-03-20
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9780062089946

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Did Jesus Exist? by Bart D. Ehrman Pdf

In Did Jesus Exist? historian and Bible expert Bart Ehrman confronts the question, "Did Jesus exist at all?" Ehrman vigorously defends the historical Jesus, identifies the most historically reliable sources for best understanding Jesus’ mission and message, and offers a compelling portrait of the person at the heart of the Christian tradition. Known as a master explainer with deep knowledge of the field, Bart Ehrman methodically demolishes both the scholarly and popular “mythicist” arguments against the existence of Jesus. Marshaling evidence from within the Bible and the wider historical record of the ancient world, Ehrman tackles the key issues that surround the mythologies associated with Jesus and the early Christian movement. In Did Jesus Exist?: The Historical Argument for Jesus of Nazareth, Ehrman establishes the criterion for any genuine historical investigation and provides a robust defense of the methods required to discover the Jesus of history.

Author : Ibn Warraq
Publisher : Prometheus Books
Page : 416 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2010-10-05
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9781615921461

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The Origins of the Koran by Ibn Warraq Pdf

Scholars of Islam are familiar with the Koran's many errors and contradictions, but these have rarely been revealed to a wider public. THE ORIGINS OF THE KORAN is an attempt to remedy this deficiency by bringing together classic critical essays which raise key issues surrounding Islam's holy book. Indispensable to scholars and all those interested in the textual underpinning of one of the fastest growing religions in the world.

Author : Robert Spencer
Publisher : Regnery Publishing
Page : 290 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2005-07-01
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9780895260130

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The Politically Incorrect Guide to Islam (And the Crusades) by Robert Spencer Pdf

Presents a critical analysis of the differences between Christianity and Islam and maintains that Islam contains a political agenda which endorses violence and aggression against non-Muslims.

Author : Elijah Muhammad
Publisher : Elijah Muhammad Books
Page : 122 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2008-11-06
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9781884855887

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History of the Nation of Islam by Elijah Muhammad Pdf

This book is an interview of Elijah Muhammad explaining his initial encounter with his teacher, Master Fard Muhammad and how his messengership came about. The subjects discussed are Master Fard Muhammad's whereabouts, the races and what makes a devil and satan. He answers questions dealing the concept of divine and how ideas are perfected. More basic subjects include Malcolm X, Noble Drew Ali, C. Eric Lincoln, Udom, and a comprehensive range of information.

Author : David S. Powers
Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
Page : 384 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2011-06-03
Category : Biography & Autobiography
ISBN : 081220557X

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Muhammad Is Not the Father of Any of Your Men by David S. Powers Pdf

The Islamic claim to supersede Judaism and Christianity is embodied in the theological assertion that the office of prophecy is hereditary but that the line of descent ends with Muhammad, who is the seal, or last, of the prophets. While Muhammad had no natural sons who reached the age of maturity, he is said to have adopted a man named Zayd, and mutual rights of inheritance were created between the two. Zayd b. Muhammad, also known as the Beloved of the Messenger of God, was the first adult male to become a Muslim and the only Muslim apart from Muhammad to be named in the Qur'an. But if prophecy is hereditary and Muhammad has a son, David Powers argues, then he might not be the Last Prophet. Conversely, if he is the Last Prophet, he cannot have a son. In Muhammad Is Not the Father of Any of Your Men, Powers contends that a series of radical moves were made in the first two centuries of Islamic history to ensure Muhammad's position as the Last Prophet. He focuses on narrative accounts of Muhammad's repudiation of Zayd, of his marriage to Zayd's former wife, and of Zayd's martyrdom in battle against the Byzantines. Powers argues that theological imperatives drove changes in the historical record and led to the abolition or reform of key legal institutions. In what is likely to be the most controversial aspect of his book, he offers compelling physical evidence that the text of the Qur'an itself was altered.

Author : Marloes Janson
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 247 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2021-06-10
Category : History
ISBN : 9781108838917

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Crossing Religious Boundaries by Marloes Janson Pdf

A rich ethnography of lived religious experiences in Lagos, offering a unique look at religious pluralism in Nigeria's biggest city.