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An Introduction to Difference Equations by Saber N. Elaydi Pdf
Integrating both classical and modern treatments of difference equations, this book contains the most updated and comprehensive material on stability, Z-transform, discrete control theory, asymptotic theory, continued fractions and orthogonal polynomials. While the presentation is simple enough for use by advanced undergraduates and beginning graduates in mathematics, engineering science, and economics, it will also be a useful reference for scientists and engineers interested in discrete mathematical models. The text covers a large set of applications in a variety of disciplines, including neural networks, feedback control, Markov chains, trade models, heat transfer, propagation of plants, epidemic models and host-parasitoid systems, with each section rounded off by an extensive and highly selected set of exercises.
Difference Equations, Second Edition by R Mickens Pdf
In recent years, the study of difference equations has acquired a new significance, due in large part to their use in the formulation and analysis of discrete-time systems, the numerical integration of differential equations by finite-difference schemes, and the study of deterministic chaos. The second edition of Difference Equations: Theory and Applications provides a thorough listing of all major theorems along with proofs. The text treats the case of first-order difference equations in detail, using both analytical and geometrical methods. Both ordinary and partial difference equations are considered, along with a variety of special nonlinear forms for which exact solutions can be determined. Numerous worked examples and problems allow readers to fully understand the material in the text. They also give possible generalization of the theorems and application models. The text's expanded coverage of application helps readers appreciate the benefits of using difference equations in the modeling and analysis of "realistic" problems from a broad range of fields. The second edition presents, analyzes, and discusses a large number of applications from the mathematical, biological, physical, and social sciences. Discussions on perturbation methods and difference equation models of differential equation models of differential equations represent contributions by the author to the research literature. Reference to original literature show how the elementary models of the book can be extended to more realistic situations. Difference Equations, Second Edition gives readers a background in discrete mathematics that many workers in science-oriented industries need as part of their general scientific knowledge. With its minimal mathematical background requirements of general algebra and calculus, this unique volume will be used extensively by students and professional in science and technology, in areas such as applied mathematics, control theory, population science, economics, and electronic circuits, especially discrete signal processing.
Difference Equations by Walter G. Kelley,Allan C. Peterson Pdf
Difference Equations, Second Edition, presents a practical introduction to this important field of solutions for engineering and the physical sciences. Topic coverage includes numerical analysis, numerical methods, differential equations, combinatorics and discrete modeling. A hallmark of this revision is the diverse application to many subfields of mathematics. Phase plane analysis for systems of two linear equations Use of equations of variation to approximate solutions Fundamental matrices and Floquet theory for periodic systems LaSalle invariance theorem Additional applications: secant line method, Bison problem, juvenile-adult population model, probability theory Appendix on the use of Mathematica for analyzing difference equaitons Exponential generating functions Many new examples and exercises
Introduction to Difference Equations by Samuel Goldberg Pdf
Exceptionally clear exposition of an important mathematical discipline and its applications to sociology, economics, and psychology. Topics include calculus of finite differences, difference equations, matrix methods, and more. 1958 edition.
Finite Difference Equations by Hyman Levy,F. Lessman Pdf
Comprehensive study focuses on use of calculus of finite differences as an approximation method for solving troublesome differential equations. Elementary difference operations; interpolation and extrapolation; modes of expansion of the solutions of nonlinear equations, applications of difference equations, difference equations associated with functions of two variables, more. Exercises with answers. 1961 edition.
Advanced Topics in Difference Equations by R.P. Agarwal,Patricia J.Y. Wong Pdf
. The theory of difference equations, the methods used in their solutions and their wide applications have advanced beyond their adolescent stage to occupy a central position in Applicable Analysis. In fact, in the last five years, the proliferation of the subject is witnessed by hundreds of research articles and several monographs, two International Conferences and numerous Special Sessions, and a new Journal as well as several special issues of existing journals, all devoted to the theme of Difference Equations. Now even those experts who believe in the universality of differential equations are discovering the sometimes striking divergence between the continuous and the discrete. There is no doubt that the theory of difference equations will continue to play an important role in mathematics as a whole. In 1992, the first author published a monograph on the subject entitled Difference Equations and Inequalities. This book was an in-depth survey of the field up to the year of publication. Since then, the subject has grown to such an extent that it is now quite impossible for a similar survey, even to cover just the results obtained in the last four years, to be written. In the present monograph, we have collected some of the results which we have obtained in the last few years, as well as some yet unpublished ones.
Partial Difference Equations treats this major class of functional relations. Such equations have recursive structures so that the usual concepts of increments are important. This book describes mathematical methods that help in dealing with recurrence relations that govern the behavior of variables such as population size and stock price. It is helpful for anyone who has mastered undergraduate mathematical concepts. It offers a concise introduction to the tools and techniques that have proven successful in obtaining results in partial difference equations.
Second-Order Sturm-Liouville Difference Equations and Orthogonal Polynomials by Alouf Jirari Pdf
This well-written book is a timely and significant contribution to the understanding of difference equations. Presenting machinery for analyzing many discrete physical situations, the book will be of interest to physicists and engineers as well as mathematicians. The book develops a theory for regular and singular Sturm-Liouville boundary value problems for difference equations, generalizing many of the known results for differential equations. Discussing the self-adjointness of these problems as well as their abstract spectral resolution in the appropriate $L^2$ setting, the book gives necessary and sufficient conditions for a second-order difference operator to be self-adjoint and have orthogonal polynomials as eigenfunctions. These polynomials are classified into four categories, each of which is given a properties survey and a representative example. Finally, the book shows that the various difference operators defined for these problems are still self-adjoint when restricted to ``energy norms''. This book is suitable as a text for an advanced graduate course on Sturm-Liouville operators or on applied analysis.
Global Behavior of Nonlinear Difference Equations of Higher Order with Applications by V.L. Kocic,G. Ladas Pdf
Nonlinear difference equations of order greater than one are of paramount impor tance in applications where the (n + 1)st generation (or state) of the system depends on the previous k generations (or states). Such equations also appear naturally as discrete analogues and as numerical solutions of differential and delay differential equations which model various diverse phenomena in biology, ecology, physiology, physics, engineering and economics. Our aim in this monograph is to initiate a systematic study of the global behavior of solutions of nonlinear scalar difference equations of order greater than one. Our primary concern is to study the global asymptotic stability of the equilibrium solution. We are also interested in whether the solutions are bounded away from zero and infinity, in the description of the semi cycles of the solutions, and in the existence of periodic solutions. This monograph contains some recent important developments in this area together with some applications to mathematical biology. Our intention is to expose the reader to the frontiers of the subject and to formulate some important open problems that require our immediate attention.
Difference Equations and Inequalities by Ravi P. Agarwal Pdf
A study of difference equations and inequalities. This second edition offers real-world examples and uses of difference equations in probability theory, queuing and statistical problems, stochastic time series, combinatorial analysis, number theory, geometry, electrical networks, quanta in radiation, genetics, economics, psychology, sociology, and
Differential and Difference Equations by Leonard C. Maximon Pdf
This book, intended for researchers and graduate students in physics, applied mathematics and engineering, presents a detailed comparison of the important methods of solution for linear differential and difference equations - variation of constants, reduction of order, Laplace transforms and generating functions - bringing out the similarities as well as the significant differences in the respective analyses. Equations of arbitrary order are studied, followed by a detailed analysis for equations of first and second order. Equations with polynomial coefficients are considered and explicit solutions for equations with linear coefficients are given, showing significant differences in the functional form of solutions of differential equations from those of difference equations. An alternative method of solution involving transformation of both the dependent and independent variables is given for both differential and difference equations. A comprehensive, detailed treatment of Green’s functions and the associated initial and boundary conditions is presented for differential and difference equations of both arbitrary and second order. A dictionary of difference equations with polynomial coefficients provides a unique compilation of second order difference equations obeyed by the special functions of mathematical physics. Appendices augmenting the text include, in particular, a proof of Cramer’s rule, a detailed consideration of the role of the superposition principal in the Green’s function, and a derivation of the inverse of Laplace transforms and generating functions of particular use in the solution of second order linear differential and difference equations with linear coefficients.
An Introduction to Difference Equations by Saber Elaydi Pdf
A must-read for mathematicians, scientists and engineers who want to understand difference equations and discrete dynamics Contains the most complete and comprehenive analysis of the stability of one-dimensional maps or first order difference equations. Has an extensive number of applications in a variety of fields from neural network to host-parasitoid systems. Includes chapters on continued fractions, orthogonal polynomials and asymptotics. Lucid and transparent writing style