Different Types Of Dictionaries

Author : Mirja Schnoor
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
Page : 24 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2003-06-30
Category : Literary Collections
ISBN : 9783638201216

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Different Types of Dictionaries by Mirja Schnoor Pdf

Seminar paper from the year 2003 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 2 (B), Bielefeld University (FB Anglistics), course: GK Linguistik 1b How to Make a Dictionary, 15 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: There is a vast amount of different dictionaries available for users of the English language. All these dictionaries share the aspect that they provide information about English words and items, but they are also very different and need to be distinguished from each other. One may need a dictionary in one case and the same dictionary may be absolutely useless when one tries to solve another problem. “Monolingual learners’, general monolingual, and bilingual dictionaries present a problem: in spite of what may be advertised on the outside cover of these texts, no single dictionary can adequately serve all users. A variety of dictionaries is required to suit the backgrounds, needs, and expectations of individual language learners” (BATTENBURG 24). So different users and different questions require different dictionaries. One needs to know where to find the information asked for in a particular case, and one certainly needs more than one dictionary for different aspects of the English language. To avoid getting lost here, it is necessary to distinguish between the different types of dictionaries that exist. This report provides some suggestions for distinction, amongst other things established through empiric research. First, an outline of the different types of dictionaries is given, including general dictionaries (monolingual, bilingual), learner’s dictionaries, historical dictionaries and encyclopedias. Moreover, the typical structure of an entry in a dictionary is explained, because the dictionary entries examined later are mainly checked according to these parts of an entry; it is looked what parts they in- or exclude and how the parts are realized. After the theoretical part, the empiric research is documented. Five dictionaries (monolingual American and British, bilingual English-German, learner’s dictionary, historical dictionary) and one encyclopedia are compared in the way that three different items (general, encyclopedic, and regional) are looked up and the entries are compared in order to find differences and in this way get a guideline how and when to consult what dictionary.

Author : Andishe Gottlieb
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
Page : 18 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2005-11-25
Category : Literary Collections
ISBN : 9783638442381

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Different types of dictionaries by Andishe Gottlieb Pdf

Seminar paper from the year 2005 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: A (1,0), Middle Tennessee State University, course: Modern English Grammar and Usage, 21 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: Most students don’t know how different types of dictionaries can be used. Some of them don’t even know that there are different types of dictionaries, although the knowledge of how a term can be best found in the appropriate dictionary is an aid for academic research and will be helpful on their future job. This paper is to inform not only students but also the general public who is interested in dictionaries about the use of dictionaries, as well as the many different types and kinds of dictionaries that are available to them. Dictionaries can help everyone to better understand the own language, or languages one is learning. This paper also contains a list of good monolingual and bilingual dictionaries with some sample pages. It also provides the explanation of certain types of specialized dictionaries which seemed interesting and important to the author.

Author : R. R. K. Hartmann,Gregory James
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 192 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2002-01-04
Category : Foreign Language Study
ISBN : 9781134768295

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Dictionary of Lexicography by R. R. K. Hartmann,Gregory James Pdf

Dictionaries are among the most frequently consulted books, yet we know remarkably little about them. Who makes them? Where do they come from? What do they offer? How can we evaluate them? The Dictionary of Lexicography provides answers to all these questions and addresses a wide range of issues: * the traditions of dictionary-making * the different types of dictionaries and other reference works (such as thesaurus, encyclopedia, atlas and telephone directory) * the principles and concerns of lexicographers and other reference professionals * the standards of dictionary criticism and dictionary use. It is both a professional handbook and an easy-to-use reference work. This is the first time that the subject has been covered in such a comprehensive manner in the form of a reference book. All articles are self-contained, cross-referenced and uniformly structured. The whole is an up-to-date and forward-looking survey of lexicography.

Author : B.T. Sue Atkins
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 220 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2015-02-06
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783110929997

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Using Dictionaries by B.T. Sue Atkins Pdf

This volume draws together highly detailed studies of how dictionaries are used by different types of users, from school students to senior professors, working with a foreign language with the help of different types of dictionaries, from monolingual dictionaries for native speakers of the foreign language, through bilingual dictionaries, to monolingual dictionaries in the language of the user. The tasks being carried out include L2-L1 translation, L1-L2 translation, L2 comprehension, self-expression in L2, and various project-specific linguistic exercises. The authors have tried to include enough detail to allow readers to replicate the tests, and adapt them to serve their own interests.

Author : John A. Simpson
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2002-04-18
Category : Reference
ISBN : 0195218892

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Oxford English Dictionary by John A. Simpson Pdf

The Oxford English Dictionary is the internationally recognized authority on the evolution of the English language from 1150 to the present day. The Dictionary defines over 500,000 words, making it an unsurpassed guide to the meaning, pronunciation, and history of the English language. This new upgrade version of The Oxford English Dictionary Second Edition on CD-ROM offers unparalleled access to the world's most important reference work for the English language. The text of this version has been augmented with the inclusion of the Oxford English Dictionary Additions Series (Volumes 1-3), published in 1993 and 1997, the Bibliography to the Second Edition, and other ancillary material. System requirements: PC with minimum 200 MHz Pentium-class processor; 32 MB RAM (64 MB recommended); 16-speed CD-ROM drive (32-speed recommended); Windows 95, 98, Me, NT, 200, or XP (Local administrator rights are required to install and open the OED for the first time on a PC running Windows NT 4 and to install and run the OED on Windows 2000 and XP); 1.1 GB hard disk space to run the OED from the CD-ROM and 1.7 GB to install the CD-ROM to the hard disk: SVGA monitor: 800 x 600 pixels: 16-bit (64k, high color) setting recommended. Please note: for the upgrade, installation requires the use of the OED CD-ROM v2.0.

Author : Ursula Wingate
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 312 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2016-11-07
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783110960938

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The Effectiveness of Different Learner Dictionaries by Ursula Wingate Pdf

This book examines two questions: firstly, which dictionary type, bilingual or monolingual, is most effective for intermediate learners of German, and secondly, which features make monolingual dictionary definitions more effective. Using Chinese students from Hong Kong and Shanghai as the subjects of research, the effectiveness of the different dictionary types for reading comprehension and incidental vocabulary learning was measured experimentally and by the think-aloud method. The only monolingual learner dictionary for German available at that time proved linguistically too difficult for the intermediate proficiency level. Therefore, new definitions were developed based on findings from the think-aloud study and on principles promoted as user-friendly in lexicographic literature. Comparison of the two definition types revealed several features that determine their effectiveness for intermediate learners. Findings have theoretical and pedagogical implications. In the theoretical field, some lexicographic principles were recommended that are, unlike previous principles, based on empirical insights into user needs. In the pedagogical field, the findings provide an empirical basis for the evaluation and recommendation of suitable dictionaries for intermediate learners.

Author : William Dwight Whitney
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 1228 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 1889
Category : Encyclopedias and dictionaries
ISBN : MINN:31951D03281585I

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The Century Dictionary by William Dwight Whitney Pdf

Author : Piet van Sterkenburg
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
Page : 473 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2003-07-17
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9789027296511

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A Practical Guide to Lexicography by Piet van Sterkenburg Pdf

This is a state-of-the-art Guide to the fascinating world of the lexicon and its description in various types of dictionaries. A team of experts brings together a solid Introduction to Lexicography and leads you through decision-making processes step-by-step to compile and design dictionaries for general and specific purposes. The domains of lexicography are outlined and its specific terminology is explained in the Glossary. Each chapter provides ample suggestions for further reading. Naturally, electronic dictionaries, corpus analysis, and database management are central themes throughout the book. The book also "introduces" questions about the many types of definition, meaning, sense relations, and stylistics. And that is not all: those afraid to embark on a dictionary adventure will find out all about the pitfalls in the chapters on Design. A Practical Guide to Lexicography introduces and seduces you to learn about the achievements, unexpected possibilities, and challenges of modern-day lexicography.

Author : Jennifer Landau
Publisher : Encyclopaedia Britannica
Page : 32 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2014-07-15
Category : Juvenile Nonfiction
ISBN : 9781622753468

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How Do I Use a Dictionary? by Jennifer Landau Pdf

This engaging narrative introduces readers to the world of words and their meanings. Students learn that they can determine the subject of speech a word is and often the synonyms and antonyms for the words. The volume describes the different types of dictionaries, how they are compiled and organized, what pronunciation symbols and accents mean, and what abbreviations represent. Word Workers and vocabulary boxes explain well-known lexicographers and important words to know. Readers practice their dictionary skills in an activity section.

Author : Stuart Redman,Robert Ellis,Brigit Viney
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 104 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 1996-10-03
Category : Education
ISBN : 0521477751

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A Way with Words Resource Pack 1 by Stuart Redman,Robert Ellis,Brigit Viney Pdf

This resource book of vocabulary practice activities enables teachers to teach vocabulary communicatively in the classroom. Learner-centred in its approach, the material has the dual aim of helping students acquire vocabulary and develop skills and strategies for effective learning. Redesigned from the original version, this photocopiable resource pack retains a fresh approach to vocabulary learning. The book provides a variety of stimulating activities which require learners to actively use the target vocabulary. It develops learning skills, helping learners to become more efficient in organising, storing and remembering new vocabulary. It is easy to use with clear teacher's notes on the left hand pages and facing photocopiable worksheets on the right. The resource book is accompanied by a cassette (Lower Intermediate to Intermediate only) for further practice of the key vocabulary.

Author : Patrick Hanks,Flavia Hodges,Kate Hardcastle
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2006-07-27
Category : Reference
ISBN : 9780191578540

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A Dictionary of First Names by Patrick Hanks,Flavia Hodges,Kate Hardcastle Pdf

This Dictionary is part of the Oxford Reference Collection: using sustainable print-on-demand technology to make the acclaimed backlist of the Oxford Reference programme perennially available in hardback format. The fascinating and informative Dictionary of First Names covers over 6,000 names in common use in English, including the very newest names as well as traditional names. From Alice to Zanna and Adam to Zola this book will answer all your questions: it will tell you the age, origin, and meaning of the name, as well as how it has fared in terms of popularity, and who the famous fictional or historical bearers for the name have been. It covers alternative spellings, short forms and pet forms, and masculine and feminine forms, as well as help with pronunciation. The book includes extensive appendices covering names from languages including Scottish, Irish, French, German, Italian, Arabic, and Chinese names. Tables of the most popular names by year and by region are also included. From the traditional to the rare and unconventional, this book will tell you everything you need to know about names.

Author : Pedro Antonio Fuertes Olivera
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
Page : 248 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783110231328

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Specialised Dictionaries for Learners by Pedro Antonio Fuertes Olivera Pdf

The need for constructing a lexicographical theory with a particular focus on specialised dictionaries for learners is well documented in recent publications. This will imply paying attention to, at least, four basic lexicographic categories: learners; the learner's situation; the learner's needs; dictionary assistance. In one or other way, these categories are analysed in this book, whose eleven chapters are grouped into three parts. Part 1 reflects on some of the main ideas defended by the function theory of lexicography, perhaps the theoretical framework that has paid more attention to specialised lexicography. Part 2 presents some proposals that have already being explored in the field of general learner's dictionary and must be incorporated into specialised metalexicography: cultural aspects; figurative meaning; the inclusion of grammatical information; the use of corpora. Part 3 introduces the state of play regarding specialised dictionaries in China and offers some ideas for coping with the proliferation of terminological glossaries in Internet. The book also describes Enrique Alcaraz's academic achievements, together with some personal anecdotes, and a personal short tribute to his memory.

Author : Philip Durkin
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 360 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2011-07-07
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780191618789

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The Oxford Guide to Etymology by Philip Durkin Pdf

This practical introduction to word history investigates every aspect of where words come from and how they change. Philip Durkin, chief etymologist of the Oxford English Dictionary, shows how different types of evidence can shed light on the myriad ways in which words change in form and meaning. He considers how such changes can be part of wider linguistic processes, or be influenced by a complex mixture of social and cultural factors. He illustrates every point with a wide range of fascinating examples. Dr Durkin investigates folk etymology and other changes which words undergo in everyday use. He shows how language families are established, how words in different languages can have a common ancester, and the ways in which the latter can be distinguished from words introduced through language contact. He examines the etymologies of the names of people and places. His focus is on English but he draws many examples from languages such as French, German, and Latin which cast light on the pre-histories of English words. The Oxford Guide to Etymology is reliable, readable, instructive, and enjoyable. Everyone interested in the history of words will value this account of an endlessly fascinating subject.

Author : Noah Webster
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 1122 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 1841
Category : English language
ISBN : HARVARD:HNEZZ9

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An American Dictionary of the English Language by Noah Webster Pdf

Author : Kate Woodford,Guy Jackson
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 1550 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Foreign Language Study
ISBN : 0521824230

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Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary by Kate Woodford,Guy Jackson Pdf

The Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary is the ideal dictionary for advanced EFL/ESL learners. Easy to use and with a great CD-ROM - the perfect learner's dictionary for exam success. First published as the Cambridge International Dictionary of English, this new edition has been completely updated and redesigned. - References to over 170,000 words, phrases and examples explained in clear and natural English - All the important new words that have come into the language (e.g. dirty bomb, lairy, 9/11, clickable) - Over 200 'Common Learner Error' notes, based on the Cambridge Learner Corpus from Cambridge ESOL exams Plus, on the CD-ROM: - SMART thesaurus - lets you find all the words with the same meaning - QUICKfind - automatically looks up words while you are working on-screen - SUPERwrite - tools for advanced writing, giving help with grammar and collocation - Hear and practise all the words.