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Differing Routes to Stem Cell Research by Renato Giuseppe Mazzolini,Hans-Jörg Rheinberger Pdf
Stem cells have been in the center of a heated biomedical and biopolitical debate in the first decade of the new millennium. Ethical concerns prevailed. The present volume follows the controversial discussions on stem cells in Italy and Germany, respectively, over the past 15 years. It aims at an assessment of the situation, and its method is comparative. The first part of the book takes a step back and sheds light on the early history of views on stem cells and on cellular reprogramming from the middle of the nineteenth to the end of the twentieth century. Part two and three have a close look on the recent developments in Germany and in Italy from three different viewpoints: the state of the art in scientific research, the public debate on its perceived promises and dangers, and the political and legal regulations that followed. It turns out that, despite their cultural and geographical vicinity, there are significant national differences in the discursive and juridical strategies followed in both European countries.
A Roadmap to Nonhematopoietic Stem Cell-Based Therapeutics by Xiao-Dong Chen Pdf
A Roadmap to Non-hematopoietic Stem Cell-Based Therapeutics: From the Bench to the Clinic is a resource that provides an overview of the principles of stem cell therapy, the promises and challenges of using stem cells for treating various clinical conditions, and future perspectives. The overall goal is to facilitate the translation of basic research on stem cells to clinical applications. The properties of stem cells from various sources are reviewed and the advantages and disadvantages of each for clinical use are discussed. Modifying stem cell properties through preconditioning strategies using physical, chemical, genetic, and molecular manipulation to improve cell survival, increase cell differentiation potential, enhance production of paracrine factors, and facilitate homing to the site of injury or disease upon transplantation are reviewed. Various routes of stem cell administration and dosing, and the duration of effects, are explored. Individual chapters are written by experts in the field and focus on the use of stem cells in treating various degenerative diseases, autoimmune diseases, wound healing, cardiovascular disease, spinal cord injury, oral and dental diseases, and skeletal disorders. Finally, experts in the regulatory arena discuss mechanisms used in different countries for approving the use of stem cells to treat diseases and many common issues that are typically encountered while seeking approval for this class of therapeutic agent. Offers advanced students, as well as new researchers, an overview of the principles of stem cell therapy Discusses a wide array of pressing clinical issues with stem cell-based therapies so that new ideas in the laboratory can be efficiently translated to the clinic through better designed clinical trials Helps clarify current regulatory mechanisms so that the safe use of stem cells for treating a variety of diseases can move forward Fosters cross-disciplinary dialogue between research scientists and physicians to accelerate the safe implementation of efficacious cell therapies
Institute of Medicine,Board on Neuroscience and Behavioral Health,National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Committee on the Biological and Biomedical Applications of Stem Cell Research
Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Neuroscience and Behavioral Health,National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Committee on the Biological and Biomedical Applications of Stem Cell Research Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 112 pages File Size : 51,6 Mb Release : 2002-01-25 Category : Science ISBN : 9780309170420
Stem Cells and the Future of Regenerative Medicine by Institute of Medicine,Board on Neuroscience and Behavioral Health,National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Committee on the Biological and Biomedical Applications of Stem Cell Research Pdf
Recent scientific breakthroughs, celebrity patient advocates, and conflicting religious beliefs have come together to bring the state of stem cell researchâ€"specifically embryonic stem cell researchâ€"into the political crosshairs. President Bush's watershed policy statement allows federal funding for embryonic stem cell research but only on a limited number of stem cell lines. Millions of Americans could be affected by the continuing political debate among policymakers and the public. Stem Cells and the Future of Regenerative Medicine provides a deeper exploration of the biological, ethical, and funding questions prompted by the therapeutic potential of undifferentiated human cells. In terms accessible to lay readers, the book summarizes what we know about adult and embryonic stem cells and discusses how to go about the transition from mouse studies to research that has therapeutic implications for people. Perhaps most important, Stem Cells and the Future of Regenerative Medicine also provides an overview of the moral and ethical problems that arise from the use of embryonic stem cells. This timely book compares the impact of public and private research funding and discusses approaches to appropriate research oversight. Based on the insights of leading scientists, ethicists, and other authorities, the book offers authoritative recommendations regarding the use of existing stem cell lines versus new lines in research, the important role of the federal government in this field of research, and other fundamental issues.
Department of Health and Human Services,National Institutues of Health
Author : Department of Health and Human Services,National Institutues of Health Publisher : CreateSpace Page : 220 pages File Size : 47,8 Mb Release : 2013-10-05 Category : Medical ISBN : 1492901431
Stem Cells by Department of Health and Human Services,National Institutues of Health Pdf
In February 2001 the Secretary of Health and Human Services requested that the National Institutes of Health prepare a summary report on the state of the science on stem cells. This report was developed in response to his request. It provides the current information about the biology of stem cells derived from all sources—embryo, fetal tissue, and adult. Since 1998, when human pluripotent stem cells were first isolated, research on stem cells has received much public attention, both because of its extraordinary promise and because of relevant legal and ethical issues. Underlying this recent public scrutiny is decades of painstaking work by scientists in many fields, who have been deciphering some of the most fundamental questions about life with the goal of improving health. In the last several decades, investments in basic research have yielded extensive knowledge about the many and complex processes involved in the development of an organism, including the control of cellular development. But many questions remain. How does a single cell—the fertilized egg—give rise to a complex, multi-cellular organism? The question represents a fundamental challenge in developmental biology. Researchers are now seeking to understand in greater detail the genetic factors that regulate cell differentiation in early development. Put simply, stem cells are self-renewing, unspecialized cells that can give rise to multiple types all of specialized cells of the body. The process by which dividing, unspecialized cells are equipped to perform specific functions—muscle contraction or nerve cell communication, for example—is called differentiation, and is fundamental to the development of the mature organism. It is now known that stem cells, in various forms, can be obtained from the embryo, the fetus, and the adult. The report is a review of the state of the science of stem cell research as of June 17, 2001. Included in this report is subject matter addressing stem cells from adult, fetal tissue, and embryonic sources. Because so much of the progress made to date was dependent on animal models, a significant emphasis is placed on understandings gained from mouse models of development and mouse stem cell research. The report also devotes substantial attention to scientific publications on the characterization of specialized cells developed from embryonic stem cells and the plasticity of adult stem cells. Both scientific and lay publications use a variety of terms to describe stem cells and their properties. For this reason, this report adopts a lexicon of terms and it is used consistently throughout. In several places in the report, discovery timelines are provided. The various sources of stem cells are described, as are the techniques used to isolate and develop them. A comprehensive listing of various stem cell isolation and characterizations is also included. In order to ensure the reader is provided information both about the basic biology of stem cells, and their therapeutic potential, the report contains several chapters focused on particular diseases which might benefit from stem cell research. These chapters on the use of hematopoietic stem cells, followed by focus features on specific nervous system diseases, diabetes, heart disease, and autoimmune diseases serve merely as examples of the many applications of stem cells that are being pursued. Also included are features that review aspects of stem cells as therapeutic delivery tools for gene therapy and, importantly, the safety considerations for developing stem cell-based therapies.
Differing Routes to Stem Cell Research by Renato Giuseppe Mazzolini,Hans-Jörg Rheinberger Pdf
Stem cells have been in the center of a heated biomedical and biopolitical debate in the first decade of the new millennium. Ethical concerns prevailed. The present volume follows the controversial discussions on stem cells in Italy and Germany, respectively, over the past 15 years. It aims at an assessment of the situation, and its method is comparative. The first part of the book takes a step back and sheds light on the early history of views on stem cells and on cellular reprogramming from the middle of the nineteenth to the end of the twentieth century. Part two and three have a close look on the recent developments in Germany and in Italy from three different viewpoints: the state of the art in scientific research, the public debate on its perceived promises and dangers, and the political and legal regulations that followed. It turns out that, despite their cultural and geographical vicinity, there are significant national differences in the discursive and juridical strategies followed in both European countries.
Stem Cells: Current Challenges and New Directions by Kursad Turksen Pdf
This volume looks at the state-of-the-science in stem cells, discusses the current challenges, and examines the new directions the field is taking. Dr. Turksen, editor-in-chief of the journal "Stem Cell Reviews and Reports," has assembled a volume of internationally-known scientists who cover topics that are both clinically and research-oriented. The contents range from sources of stem cells through their physiological role in health and disease, therapeutic applications in regenerative medicine, and ethics and society. An initial overview and a final summary bookend the contents into a cohesive and invaluable volume.
Stem cell biology has gained tremendous interest in the recent years, driven by the hope of finding cures for several diseases through transplantation medicine. Various types of stem cells have been identified from preimplantation embryos, the fetus, placenta and adult. The isolation of human embryonic stem cells has been considered the biggest breakthrough of the 21st century. Some of these stem cell types are charged with ethical controversies although they are versatile and offer tremendous potential for finding cures for incurable diseases. In fact, cures for diabetes, heart diseases, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and many other diseases via stem cell research is expected within the next 10 years. The documentation of the latest information on these various stem cell types is compartmentalized in different journals and texts. This book brings together the state-of-the-art on all the types of stem cells, written by giants in the respective fields. It is hoped that knowledge of one stem cell type will complement the other and much can be learned by interaction. This book is aimed at undergraduates, postgraduates, scientists, embryologists, tissue engineers, doctors and biomedical scientists with an interest in stem cell research. It is different from other texts in that it is very comprehensive, covering all aspects of stem cells. Additionally, all the various chapters are written by renowned scientists in the specific fields. The topics are uniquely treated in that they cover research at the laboratory bench as well as the clinical applications. Many of the chapters carry extensive self-explanatory figures, colored photographs, graphics and tables. Both the editors are also renowned in the stem cell field, and both come from medical disciplines and are senior university academics with excellent track records. Contents:Stem Cells: Their Definition, Classification and Sources (A Bongso & E H Lee)From Human Embryos to Clinically Compliant Embryonic Stem Cells: Blastocyst Culture, Xeno-Free Derivation and Cryopreservation, Properties and Applications of Embryonic Stem Cells (A Bongso et al.)Characterization of Human Embryonic Stem Cells (M M Matin et al.)Stem Cells and Their Development Potential (M F Pera & M Dottori)Transcriptome Profiling of Embryonic Stem Cells (M Rao & B Lim)Culture, Subcloning, Spontaneous and Controlled Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells (M Amit et al.)Differentiation In Vitro and In Vivo of Human Embryonic Stem Cells (B Bulum & N Benvenisty)Feeder-Free Culture of Human Embryonic Stem Cells (S A Noggle et al.)Epigenesis in Pluripotent Cells (L M Hoffman et al.)Stem Cells and Translational Medicine Ethics, Law, and Policy (J Burley)Therapeutic Cloning: Derivation and Propagation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (W S Hwang et al.)Hurdles to Improving the Efficiency of Therapeutic Cloning (C S Navara et al.)Hematopoietic Stem Cells: Basic Science to Clinical Applications (D L Kraft & I L Weissman)Hematopoietic Stem Cells for Leukemias and Other Life Threatening Hematological Disorders (P Tan)Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells to Cardiomyocytes (C Denning et al.)Differentiation of Human Embryonic, Fetal and Adult Stem Cells to Islet Cells of the Pancreas (E Roche & B Soria)Progress in Islet Transplantation (A M J Shapiro & S Nanji)Differentiating Human Stem Cells to Neurons (S-C Zhang)Liver Stem Cells (M R Alison et al.)Stem Cells of the Eye (L P K Ang & D T H Tan)Bone Repair and Adult Stem Cells (D W Hutmacher & S L C Sugunan)Stem Cells and Cartilage (J B Richardson et al.)Ligament and Tendon Repair with Adult Stem Cells (J C H Goh & H W Ouyang)Germ Cell Differentiation from Embryonic Stem Cells (M Richards & A Bongso)Stem Cell Therapies in Animal Models: Their Outcome and Possible Benefits in Humans (F Fändrich & M Ruhnke)The Challenges of Cell-Based Therapy (Sir R Calne) Readership: Graduate students, upper level undergraduate students and researchers in medicine, cell biology, biochemistry, genetics, developmental biology, and animal science; medical doctors; veterinarians; dentists. Keywords:Embryonic Stem Cells;Adult Stem Cells;Stem Cell Research and ApplicationsKey Features:Brings together state-of-the information on stem cellsComprehensive coverage of all aspects of stem cellsContributions by renowned scientists in specific fieldsExtensive self-explanatory figures, color photos, graphics
Stem Cells by Muireann Quigley,Sarah Chan,John Harris Pdf
Fiction. LGBT Studies. Finalist for the American Library Association GLBT Fiction Award. "Guess deftly performs the parlor trick of handling several different voices, switching fluidly from perceptive Caddie to the clipped cadence of masculine Jo to jaded Selena. This Alice Doesn't Live Here Anymore for the 1990s celebrates the differences between people without fudging the loneliness that these entail. Guess's attempts to put a Midwestern spin on magical realism are blessedly rare: in a book loaded with so many natural surprises, any supernatural extras would be gilt on the lily"—Publishers Weekly.
Understanding stem cells at the molecular level is essential to understanding their behaviour in a physiological context. This volume in our acclaimed Novartis Foundation series features animated discussion from the world’s experts in this topic on the important ethical issues that are raised by research on stem cells. They review the various regulatory regimes, which apply in different countries – a key factor in determining where future stem cell research is carried out. Potential clinical applications covered in the book include the production of cardiomyocytes to replace damaged heart tissue, the production of insulin-producing cells for patients with diabetes, and the generation of neurons for the treatment of patients with Parkinson’s disease or spinal cord injury. Particular attention is paid to the factors that maintain stem cells in a pluripotent state or which drive them to create differentiated and lineage-committed cells in vitro and in vivo. Nuclear reprogramming, the process by which a nucleus acquires developmental potential, is covered here as well. It is relevant to stem cell research generally, and also to research on the cloning of animals by nuclear transfer. This book is an essential purchase for all those engaged in stem cell research, whether in the laboratory, the clinic or the regulatory authorities. From the reviews: "...this book provides: a comprehensive overview of current issues in stem cell research, with contributions from leading figures..." —BRITISH SOCIETY OF CELL BIOLOGY
The Matrix of Stem Cell Research by Christine Hauskeller,Arne Manzeschke,Anja Pichl Pdf
Stem cell research has been a problematic endeavour. For the past twenty years it has attracted moral controversies in both the public and the professional sphere. The research involves not only laboratories, clinics and people, but ethics, industries, jurisprudence, and markets. Today it contributes to the development of new therapies and affects increasingly many social arenas. The matrix approach introduced in this book offers a new understanding of this science in its relation to society. The contributions are multidisciplinary and intersectional, illustrating how agency and influence between science and society go both ways. Conceptually, this volume presents a situated and reflexive approach for philosophy and sociology of the life sciences. The practices that are part of stem cell research are dispersed, and the concepts that tie them together are tenuous; there are persistent problems with the validation of findings, and the ontology of the stem cell is elusive. The array of applications shapes a growing bioeconomy that is dependent on patient donations of tissues and embryos, consumers, and industrial support. In this volume it is argued that this research now denotes not a specific field but a flexible web of intersecting practices, discourses, and agencies. To capture significant parts of this complex reality, this book presents recent findings from researchers, who have studied in-depth aspects of this matrix of stem cell research. This volume presents state-of-the-art examinations from senior and junior scholars in disciplines from humanities and laboratory research to various social sciences, highlighting particular normative and epistemological intersections. The book will appeal to scholars as well as wider audiences interested in developments in life science and society interactions. The novel matrix approach and the accessible case studies make this an excellent resource for science and society courses.
The makings of future news headlines about tomorrow's life saving therapies starts in the biomedical research laboratory. Ideas abound; early successes and later failures and knowledge gained from both; the rare lightning bolt of an unexpected breakthrough discovery --- this is a glimpse of the behind the scenes action of some of the world's most acclaimed stem cell scientists' quest to solve some of the human body's most challenging mysteries. Stem cells --- what lies ahead? The following chapters explore some of the cutting edge research featuring stem cells. Disease and disorders with no therapies or at best, partially effective ones, are the lure of the pursuit of stem cell research. Described here are examples of significant progress that is a prologue to an era of medical discovery of cell-based therapies that will one day restore function to those whose lives are now challenged every day --- but perhaps in the future, no longer.
Pluripotent Stem Cells by Deepa Bhartiya,Nibedita Lenka Pdf
Stem cells have generated a lot of excitement among the researchers, clinicians and the public alike. Various types of stem cells are being evaluated for their regenerative potential. Marginal benefit resulting by transplanting autologus stem cells (deemed to be absolutely safe) in various clinical conditions has been proposed to be a growth factor effect rather than true regeneration. In contrast, various pre-clinical studies have been undertaken, using differentiated cells from embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells have shown promise, functional improvement and no signs of teratoma formation. The scientists are not in a rush to reach the clinic but a handful of clinical studies have shown promise. This book is a collection of studies/reviews, beginning with an introduction to the pluripotent stem cells and covering various aspects like derivation, differentiation, ethics, etc., and hence would provide insight into the recent standing on the pluripotent stem cells biology. The chapters have been categorized into three sections, covering subjects ranging from the generation of pluripotent stem cells and various means of their derivation from embryonic as well as adult tissues, the mechanistic understanding of pluripotency and narrating the potential therapeutic implications of these in vitro generated cells in various diseases, in addition to the associated pros and cons in the same.
Stem Cells Heterogeneity - Novel Concepts by Alexander Birbrair Pdf
This book presents a comprehensive discussion on the novel concepts in stem cell heterogeneity, from pluripotent stem cells to human mesenchymal stem cells, adult and cancer stem cells of the thyroid, sarcoma, and more. Thus, Stem Cell Heterogeneity - Novel Concepts starts from a timely update on the current information on stem cells heterogeneity in various tissues and discusses new concepts and future directions. It also provides a solid foundation of the history of stem cells from specific tissues and the current applications of this knowledge in regenerative medicine. When taken as a whole, alongside its companion volumes Stem Cells Heterogeneity in Different Organs, and Stem Cells Heterogeneity in Cancer, these three books present a comprehensive reference on stem cell heterogeneity in various tissues and current and future applications for regenerative medicine. It is essential reading for advanced cell biology students as well as researchers in stem cells and clinicians.
The power of stem cells for tissue development, regeneration, and renewal has been well known by embryologists and developmental biologists for many years. Those presently active in research in the stem cell field owe much to previous work by embryologists and cancer researchers for their insights into what stem cells can do. In the last 4- 5 years, the rapid expansion of the concept of adult tissue stem cells as pluripotent progenitors for various tissues has led to an even greater appreciation of the power of stem cells. The demonstration that both embryonic and adult tissue stem cells have the ability to produce progenitor cells for tissue renewal has opened vast possibilities for treatment of congenital deficiency diseases as well as for regeneration of damaged tissues. Older concepts of determination leading to loss of potential during differentiation of adult tissues are being replaced by newer ideas that cells with multiple potential exist in different forms in various adult organs and that cells thought to be restricted to differentiation to one cell type may be able to "transdifferentiate" into other tissue cell types. Thus, the concept of "embryonic rests" in adult tissues, hypothesized to be the cellular origin of cancer by Durante and Conheim in the 1870s, now can be expanded to include survival of pluripotential embryonic-like stem cells in adult tissues.