Disinfection By Product Formation And Control During Chloramination

Author : Gerald E. Speitel Jr,P. Pope,M. Robin Collins,M. Martin-Doole
Publisher : American Water Works Association
Page : 246 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2005-05-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781843399308

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Disinfection By-Product Formation and Control During Chloramination by Gerald E. Speitel Jr,P. Pope,M. Robin Collins,M. Martin-Doole Pdf

In response to current and anticipated disinfection by-product (DBP) regulations, many utilities have begun to use chloramines as a secondary disinfectant. Chloramination produces DBPs such as haloacetic acids (HAAs), trihalomethanes (THMs), and haloacetonitriles (HANs) in lower concentrations than chlorination. Previous research has demonstrated that dihalogenated haloacetic acids (DXAAs) are the most commonly formed HAAs during chloramination. Some utilities may have difficulty meeting the new maximum contaminant level (MCL) for HAAs because chloramination does not limit the formation of DXAAs to the same extent as it does other DBPs. The objectives of this project were to: better understand the reactivity of key natural organic matter (NOM) fractions and the effects of treatment processes with respect to dihaloacetic acid (DXAA) formation, better delineate the influence of pH and Cl2/N ratio on DXAA formation, characterize DXAA formation kinetics and the impact of treatment processes on the kinetics, especially the impact of prechlorination, calculate the rate and extent of DXAA formation at elevated summer water temperatures, and determine the effect of bromide concentration on DXAA speciation and kinetics.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 214 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Chloramines
ISBN : LCCN:2005278763

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Disinfection By-product Formation and Control During Chloramination by Anonim Pdf

Author : Roger A. Minear,Gary Amy
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 533 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2017-11-22
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781351454841

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Disinfection By-Products in Water TreatmentThe Chemistry of Their Formation and Control by Roger A. Minear,Gary Amy Pdf

Disinfection By-Products in Water Treatment describes new government regulations related to disinfection by-products. It explains the formation of microorganism by-products during water treatment and the methods employed to control them. The book includes several chapters on chlorine by-products and discusses techniques for the removal of chloroform from drinking water. It also describes gamma radiation techniques for removing microorganic by-product precursors from natural waters and the removal of bromate from drinking water.

Author : Yuefeng Xie
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 180 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2003-08-27
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780203486917

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Disinfection Byproducts in Drinking Water by Yuefeng Xie Pdf

The EPA has established regulations which classify four types of disinfection byproducts - TTHMs, haloacetic acids, bromate, and chlorite - and requires public water systems limit these byproducts to specific levels. Most of the information required to comply with these standards is either scattered throughout the literature or derived from confere

Author : IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans,International Agency for Research on Cancer
Publisher : IARC
Page : 540 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9283212843

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Some Drinking-water Disinfectants and Contaminants, Including Arsenic by IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans,International Agency for Research on Cancer Pdf

A working group of 23 experts from 13 countries met in Lyon to evaluate the evidence for carcinogenicity of arsenic (mostly naturally occurring) as a contaminant of drinking-water, and of the water-disinfectant chloramine. The working group also evaluated or re-evaluated four chlorination by-products found in drinking-water, namely chloral hydrate, di- and trichloroacetic acids, and 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (also known as MX). High-level exposure to arsenic in drinking-water occurs in some regions such as China, Latin America, Bangladesh and West Bengal. The Working Group reviewed epidemiological studies of human cancer (mainly ecological studies in Taiwan and Chile, and several case-control and cohort studies) in relation to arsenic in drinking-water. Arsenic in drinking-water (primarily inorganic, as arsenate and to a lesser extent arsenite) was evaluated as carcinogenic to humans (Group 1) on the basis of sufficient evidence for an increased risk for cancer of the urinary bladder, lung and skin. Studies on inorganic arsenic in experimental animals provided limited evidence for its carcinogenicity, but sufficient evidence was found in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of dimethylarsinic acid (an organic form of arsenic), which produced urinary bladder tumours in rats and lung tumours in mice after oral administration.

Author : Philip C. Singer
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 456 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Medical
ISBN : CORNELL:31924085417735

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Formation and Control of Disinfection By-products in Drinking Water by Philip C. Singer Pdf

Written by more than 30 DBP experts, this technical and managerial reference tool provides essential background and addresses recent activities of the EPA and environmental consultants. It answers important questions, such as how to balance microbial and chemical risks, and includes information on new regulation and treatment costs.

Author : M.N.V. Prasad
Publisher : Butterworth-Heinemann
Page : 492 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2020-02-18
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780081029787

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Disinfection By-products in Drinking Water by M.N.V. Prasad Pdf

Disinfection Byproducts in Drinking Water: Detection and Treatment presents cutting-edge research on how to understand the procedures, processes and considerations for detecting and treating disinfection by-products from drinking water, swimming pool water, and wastewater. The book begins with an overview of the different groups of Disinfection Byproducts (DBPs), such as: Trihalomethanes (THM), Halo acetic acids, and Haloacetonitrile (HAN). This coverage is quickly followed by a clear and rigorous exposition of the latest methods and technologies for the characterization, occurrence, formation, transformation and removal of DBPs in drinking water. Other chapters focus on ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, electron spin resonance, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Researchers will find a valuable resource to a breath of topics for DBP detection and treatment, including various recent techniques, such as microfiltration, nanofiltration membrane and nanotechnology. Explains the latest research in detection, treatment processes and remediation technologies Includes sampling, analytical and characterization methods and approaches Covers cutting-edge research, including membrane based technologies, nanotechnology treatment technologies and bioremediation treatment technologies Provides background information regarding contamination sources

Author : K Clive Thompson,Simon Gillespie,Emma Goslan
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
Page : 368 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2015-09-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781782622710

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Disinfection By-products in Drinking Water by K Clive Thompson,Simon Gillespie,Emma Goslan Pdf

Covering the latest developments in themes related to water disinfection by-products, this book brings the reader right up to date. Stemming from an international conference, contributions are from decision-makers, regulators and the relevant scientific community. Coverage includes emerging disinfection by-products, water treatment, water recycling, monitoring, regulation and health and toxicology aspects. It will be of interest to water companies, public health professionals, drinking water quality regulators, suppliers of laboratory and on-line monitoring equipment, analytical chemists, and academic and industry researchers working in the area of disinfection by-products.

Author : Despo Fatta-Kassinos,Dionysios D. Dionysiou,Klaus Kümmerer
Publisher : Springer
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2016-02-11
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 3319238914

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Wastewater Reuse and Current Challenges by Despo Fatta-Kassinos,Dionysios D. Dionysiou,Klaus Kümmerer Pdf

This volume discusses the current challenges related to the reuse of wastewater. It reviews the analytical methodologies for evaluating emerging contaminants and their transformation products, the sensitivity of various bioassays for assessing the biological effects of treated wastewater, and the bioavailability and uptake of organic contaminants during crop irrigation. It describes in detail the physicochemical and microbiological alterations in soil resulting from irrigation with treated urban wastewater, and discusses our current understanding of antibiotic resistance in wastewater treatment plants and in downstream environments. The book also includes an analysis of the effect of wastewater entering drinking water sources and production, and provides updated information on wastewater reuse for irrigation in North Africa. It presents an important integration tool for water recovery, known as water pinch analysis, and finally showcases two other examples of reuse – one in the paper industry and one in landfill management. It is of interest to experts from various fields of research, including analytical and environmental chemistry, toxicology and environmental and sanitary engineering.

Author : Anastasia Nikolau,Luigi Rizzo,Hüseyin Selcuk
Publisher : Nova Publishers
Page : 624 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : UOM:39015064953089

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Control of Disinfection By-products in Drinking Water Systems by Anastasia Nikolau,Luigi Rizzo,Hüseyin Selcuk Pdf

The occurrence of disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking water has been an issue of major concern during several decades. The formation of many DBPs species during water disinfection has been documented, while new by-products are still being detected, as the analytical instrumentation available becomes more accurate and sensitive. Most of the DBPs have been proven to have toxic effects on living organisms; therefore they pose risks to human health during drinking water consumption. The factors affecting their formation have been extensively investigated, their transport and fate have been studied, modelling efforts for several of them have been performed, in order to understand better their behaviour and therefore try to minimise their occurrence in waters. Techniques for their removal from water have also been applied, and a variety of disinfection methods or combinations of disinfecting agents have been investigated with the aim to produce safe drinking water containing the minimum possible concentrations of DBPs. This book deals with the advances in control of DBPs in drinking water systems. Further than an providing an overview of existing disinfection techniques and by-products, up-to-date information on the parameters affecting the procedures of DBPs formation, analytical methods for their determination, toxicity, regulation, it pays special emphasis on the advanced treatment methods applied recently for DBPs control and presents recent promising findings as well as case studies in this field, as the relevant research is proceeding, producing more knowledge and practical solutions in regard to the disinfected drinking water quality.

Author : James M. Symons,AWWA Research Foundation
Publisher : American Water Works Association
Page : 366 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : Chloramines
ISBN : 9780898679069

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Factors Affecting Disinfection By-product Formation During Chloramination by James M. Symons,AWWA Research Foundation Pdf

Author : R. Minear,Gary L. Amy
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 502 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 1996
Category : TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING
ISBN : 1315141353

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Disinfection By-products in Water Treatment by R. Minear,Gary L. Amy Pdf

Author : Robert M. Clark,Brenda K. Boutin
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Drinking water
ISBN : UCR:31210025048974

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Controlling Disinfection By-products and Microbial Contaminants in Drinking Water by Robert M. Clark,Brenda K. Boutin Pdf

Author : M.N.V. Prasad
Publisher : Butterworth-Heinemann
Page : 490 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2020-03-06
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780081029770

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Disinfection By-products in Drinking Water by M.N.V. Prasad Pdf

Disinfection Byproducts in Drinking Water: Detection and Treatment presents cutting-edge research on how to understand the procedures, processes and considerations for detecting and treating disinfection by-products from drinking water, swimming pool water, and wastewater. The book begins with an overview of the different groups of Disinfection Byproducts (DBPs), such as: Trihalomethanes (THM), Halo acetic acids, and Haloacetonitrile (HAN). This coverage is quickly followed by a clear and rigorous exposition of the latest methods and technologies for the characterization, occurrence, formation, transformation and removal of DBPs in drinking water. Other chapters focus on ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, electron spin resonance, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Researchers will find a valuable resource to a breath of topics for DBP detection and treatment, including various recent techniques, such as microfiltration, nanofiltration membrane and nanotechnology. Explains the latest research in detection, treatment processes and remediation technologies Includes sampling, analytical and characterization methods and approaches Covers cutting-edge research, including membrane based technologies, nanotechnology treatment technologies and bioremediation treatment technologies Provides background information regarding contamination sources

Author : Sylvia E. Barrett
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 448 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2000
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : UOM:39015050118408

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Natural Organic Matter and Disinfection By-products Characterization and Control in Drinking Water by Sylvia E. Barrett Pdf

There are many by-products of water disinfection that are still not fully understood and can be potentially harmful. In this volume all the current research in this area is discussed, along with an examination of the role of NOM (natural organic matter) and its relationship to DBP (disinfection by-product) formation and control in drinking water. Understanding the relationship of NOM to DBP may well lead to new techniques for analyzing and treating water and enable reasonable choices to be made for source-water protection, treatment plant process optimization, and distribution system operation to control DBP's. This volume emphasizes the characterization and reactivity of polar natural organic matter. It examines analytical methods which better characterize NOM and determines some of the polar and nonvolatile DBP forms. It presents innovative new methods, sich as capillary electrophoresis for haloacetic aceids and LC/MS for the identification of polar dinking water DBPs.