Distributional Impacts Of Covid 19 In The Middle East And North Africa Region

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Distributional Impacts of COVID-19 in the Middle East and North Africa Region

Johannes G. Hoogeveen,Gladys Lopez-Acevedo
Distributional Impacts of COVID 19 in the Middle East and North Africa Region Book PDF

Author : Johannes G. Hoogeveen,Gladys Lopez-Acevedo
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 292 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2021-12-20
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781464817779

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Distributional Impacts of COVID-19 in the Middle East and North Africa Region by Johannes G. Hoogeveen,Gladys Lopez-Acevedo Pdf

COVID-19 is one of multiple crises to have hit the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region in the decade following the Arab Spring. War, oil price declines, economic slowdowns, and now a pandemic are tearing at the social fabric of a region characterized by high rates of unemployment, high levels of informality, and low annual economic growth. The economic costs of the pandemic are estimated at about US$227 billion, and fiscal support packages across MENA are averaging 2.7 percent of GDP, putting pressure on already weak fiscal balances and making a quick recovery challenging. Even before the COVID-19 pandemic, MENA was the only region in the world experiencing increases in poverty and declines in life satisfaction. Distributional Impacts of COVID-19 in the Middle East and North Africa Region investigates how COVID-19 changed the welfare of individuals and households in the region. It does so by relying on phone surveys implemented across the region and complements these with microsimulation exercises to assess the impact of COVID-19 on jobs, income, poverty, and inequality. The two approaches complement and corroborate each other's results, thereby making the findings more robust and richer. This report's results show that, in the short run, poverty rates in MENA will increase significantly and inequality will widen. A group of 'new poor' is likely to emerge that may have difficulty recovering from the economic consequences of COVID-19. The report adds value by analyzing newly gathered primary data, along with projections based on newly modeled micro- and macrosimulations, and by identifying key issues that policy makers should focus on to enable a quick, inclusive, and sustained economic recovery.

The COVID-19 Pandemic in the Middle East and North Africa

Anis Ben Brik
The COVID 19 Pandemic in the Middle East and North Africa Book PDF

Author : Anis Ben Brik
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 208 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2022-09-23
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781000653694

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The COVID-19 Pandemic in the Middle East and North Africa by Anis Ben Brik Pdf

This book critically reflects on the responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) by exploring the impact and possible future outcomes in a region already struggling with the effects of a decade of uprisings, failed or difficult political transitions, state collapses, civil war and international conflict. International scholars offer a comprehensive treatment of today's major societal issues and provide a unique, broadly comparative view on public policy responses in the MENA region. Addressing the implications and public policy responses to the crisis, they bring a critical perspective to the emerging challenges of evidence-based policy making; the locus of authority in transnational issues; the nature of governance; and the role of government and implications for civil society. Tackling the psychology, sociology, education, law, and public policy issues related to the social and economic implications of the COVID 19 pandemic, this book will be of interest to scholars and students alike.

The MENA Region and COVID-19

Zeina Hobaika,Lena-Maria Möller,Jan Claudius Völkel
The MENA Region and COVID 19 Book PDF

Author : Zeina Hobaika,Lena-Maria Möller,Jan Claudius Völkel
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 176 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2022-05-30
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781000614671

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The MENA Region and COVID-19 by Zeina Hobaika,Lena-Maria Möller,Jan Claudius Völkel Pdf

Focusing on the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, which comprises some of the world’s richest countries next to some of the poorest, this book offers excellent insights into the discriminatory consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. With a geographic focus on the MENA region, the multidisciplinary case studies collected in this edited volume reveal that the coronavirus’s impact patterns are a question of two variables: governance performance and socioeconomic potency. Given the global, unprecedented, complex, and systemic nature of COVID-19 – and its long-term implications for societies, governments, international organisations, citizens and corporations – this volume entails a relevance to regions undergoing similar dynamics. Analyses in the book, therefore, have implications for the comparative study of the pandemic and its impact on societies around the globe. Understanding related dynamics and implications, and making use of lessons learned, are a pathway to deal with future similar crises. Questions covered in the volume are relevant to geopolitics, social implications and the relations between political leaders and citizens as beings embedded in various strategies of communication. The volume will appeal to scholars of international politics, political science, risk or crisis governance, economics and sociology, human rights and security, political communication and public health. The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution- Non Commercial- No Derivatives 4.0 licence.

Overconfident

Roberta Gatti,Daniel Lederman,Rachel Yuting Fan,Arian Hatefi,Ha Minh Nguyen,Anja Sautmann,Joseph Martin Sax,Christina Wood,Sultan Abdulaziz Alturki,Claudio Jeremias Rojas
Overconfident Book PDF

Author : Roberta Gatti,Daniel Lederman,Rachel Yuting Fan,Arian Hatefi,Ha Minh Nguyen,Anja Sautmann,Joseph Martin Sax,Christina Wood,Sultan Abdulaziz Alturki,Claudio Jeremias Rojas
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 76 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2021-10-06
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781464817984

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Overconfident by Roberta Gatti,Daniel Lederman,Rachel Yuting Fan,Arian Hatefi,Ha Minh Nguyen,Anja Sautmann,Joseph Martin Sax,Christina Wood,Sultan Abdulaziz Alturki,Claudio Jeremias Rojas Pdf

Overconfident: How Economic and Health Fault Lines Left the Middle East and North Africa Ill-Prepared to Face COVID This report examines the region’s economic prospects in 2021, forecasting that the recovery will be both tenuous and uneven as per capita GDP level stays below pre-pandemic levels. COVID-19 was a stress-test for the region’s public health systems, which were already overwhelmed even before the pandemic. Indeed, a decade of lackluster economic reforms left a legacy of large public sectors and high public debt that effectively crowded out investments in social services such as public health. This edition points out that the region’s health systems were not only ill-prepared for the pandemic, but suffered from over-confidence, as authorities painted an overly optimistic picture in self-assessments of health system preparedness. Going forward, governments must improve data transparency for public health and undertake reforms to remedy historical underinvestment in public health systems.

COVID-19 and Risk Society across the MENA Region

Anonim
COVID 19 and Risk Society across the MENA Region Book PDF

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 321 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2022-01-27
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780755643912

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COVID-19 and Risk Society across the MENA Region by Anonim Pdf

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic – at the interlocking levels of politics, economy, and society – have been different across regions, states, and societies. In the case of the Middle East and North Africa, which was already in the throes of intense tumult following the onset of the 2011 Arab Spring, COVID's blows have on the one hand followed the trajectory of some global patterns, while at the same time playing out in regionally specific ways. Based on empirical country-level analysis, this volume brings together an international team of contributors seeking to untangle how COVID-19 unfolds across the MENA. The analyses are framed through a contextual adaptation of Ulrich Beck's famous concept of “risk society” that pinpointed the negative consequences of modernity and its unbridled capitalism. The book traces how this has come home in full force in the COVID-19 pandemic. The editors, Larbi Sadiki and Layla Saleh, use the term "Arab risk society". They highlight short-term and long-term repercussions across the MENA. These include socio-economic inequality, a revitalized state of authoritarianism challenged by relentless democratic struggles. But the analyses are attuned to problem-solving research. The "ethnographies of the pandemic" included in this book investigate transformations and coping mechanisms within each country case study. They provide an ethically-informed research praxis that can respond to the manifold crises crashing down upon MENA polities and societies

Arab MENA Countries: Vulnerabilities and Constraints Against Democracy on the Eve of the Global COVID-19 Crisis

Hussein Solomon,Arno Tausch
Arab MENA Countries Vulnerabilities and Constraints Against Democracy on the Eve of the Global COVID 19 Crisis Book PDF

Author : Hussein Solomon,Arno Tausch
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 281 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2020-12-08
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9789811570476

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Arab MENA Countries: Vulnerabilities and Constraints Against Democracy on the Eve of the Global COVID-19 Crisis by Hussein Solomon,Arno Tausch Pdf

This book offers readers critical insights into a region in crisis and explores different facets of the crisis from governance to gender to the politics of identity, the challenge of the environment and the enduring impact of demographic variables and technological change. Whilst exploring the nature of the crises, the book also explores how policy-makers have responded to these and what other alternatives there are in overcoming challenges posed. Whilst the focus is on the Middle East North Africa region as a whole, the authors are well aware of the unique characteristics of individual countries. Hence the book examines regional trends whilst also being conscious of the national specificities of each country. In combining the general with the particular, the book approaches its subject matter from both a quantitative and a qualitative perspective allowing one to understand regional trends and country specific peculiarities.

Overconfident

Roberta Gatti
Overconfident Book PDF

Author : Roberta Gatti
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 55 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2021
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:1289304835

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Overconfident by Roberta Gatti Pdf

Overconfident: How Economic and Health Fault Lines Left the Middle East and North Africa Ill-Prepared to Face COVID This report examines the region's economic prospects in 2021, forecasting that the recovery will be both tenuous and uneven as per capita GDP level stays below pre-pandemic levels. COVID-19 was a stress-test for the region's public health systems, which were already overwhelmed even before the pandemic. Indeed, a decade of lackluster economic reforms left a legacy of large public sectors and high public debt that effectively crowded out investments in social services such as public health. This edition points out that the region's health systems were not only ill-prepared for the pandemic, but suffered from over-confidence, as authorities painted an overly optimistic picture in self-assessments of health system preparedness. Going forward, governments must improve data transparency for public health and undertake reforms to remedy historical underinvestment in public health systems.

COVID-19 Learning Losses

UNESCO,United Nations Children's Fund,World Bank (the)
COVID 19 Learning Losses Book PDF

Author : UNESCO,United Nations Children's Fund,World Bank (the)
Publisher : UNESCO Publishing
Page : 88 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2021-12-08
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9789231004940

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COVID-19 Learning Losses by UNESCO,United Nations Children's Fund,World Bank (the) Pdf

Since the beginning of the pandemic, efforts have been made to monitor both school closures (and re-opening) and the measures put in place to ensure continuity of learning. These include the Survey of Ministries of Education on National Responses to COVID-19, jointly supported by UNESCO, UNICEF and the World Bank. However, to date, no systematic evidence has been available on how students' learning is being affected by the disruptions caused by the pandemic or on the impact of education response measures initiated by governments. This report contributes to filling this evidence gap and includes a series of simulations of potential learning losses due to COVID-19 and exploration of their longer-term implications. The analysis is based on the Enabling learning for all framework, which outlines access, engagement and enabling environment as the three crucial enablers for learning, while the simulation assumptions are informed by the evidence on school closures and governments' education-related responses, collected through the joint survey.

World Migration Report 2020

United Nations
World Migration Report 2020 Book PDF

Author : United Nations
Publisher : United Nations
Page : 492 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2019-11-27
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9789290687894

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World Migration Report 2020 by United Nations Pdf

Since 2000, IOM has been producing world migration reports. The World Migration Report 2020, the tenth in the world migration report series, has been produced to contribute to increased understanding of migration throughout the world. This new edition presents key data and information on migration as well as thematic chapters on highly topical migration issues, and is structured to focus on two key contributions for readers: Part I: key information on migration and migrants (including migration-related statistics); and Part II: balanced, evidence-based analysis of complex and emerging migration issues.

Global Trends 2040

National Intelligence Council
Global Trends 2040 Book PDF

Author : National Intelligence Council
Publisher : Cosimo Reports
Page : 158 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2021-03
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1646794974

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Global Trends 2040 by National Intelligence Council Pdf

"The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic marks the most significant, singular global disruption since World War II, with health, economic, political, and security implications that will ripple for years to come." -Global Trends 2040 (2021) Global Trends 2040-A More Contested World (2021), released by the US National Intelligence Council, is the latest report in its series of reports starting in 1997 about megatrends and the world's future. This report, strongly influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, paints a bleak picture of the future and describes a contested, fragmented and turbulent world. It specifically discusses the four main trends that will shape tomorrow's world: - Demographics-by 2040, 1.4 billion people will be added mostly in Africa and South Asia. - Economics-increased government debt and concentrated economic power will escalate problems for the poor and middleclass. - Climate-a hotter world will increase water, food, and health insecurity. - Technology-the emergence of new technologies could both solve and cause problems for human life. Students of trends, policymakers, entrepreneurs, academics, journalists and anyone eager for a glimpse into the next decades, will find this report, with colored graphs, essential reading.

Income Disparity under Welfare and Poverty Dilemma in Emerging Countries

Ufuk Bingöl,Meltem Ince Yenilmez
Income Disparity under Welfare and Poverty Dilemma in Emerging Countries Book PDF

Author : Ufuk Bingöl,Meltem Ince Yenilmez
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 271 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2022-11-08
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781793646255

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Income Disparity under Welfare and Poverty Dilemma in Emerging Countries by Ufuk Bingöl,Meltem Ince Yenilmez Pdf

In the past few years, one of the most misunderstood concepts is income disparity. Income inequality issues are now a concern for the public. However, it was heightened by the recession in 2008-09, resulting in consequences for the corporate sector, the Occupy Wall Street movement, Covid-19 pandemic and a myriad of other events. This book analyzed how income disparity is rising with higher income distribution margins witnessed among the highest earners. This book has thirteen chapters, eliminating the introductory overview chapter, on income disparity, poverty, and economic well-being. These chapters were authored by academics who publish articles on these issues on a regular basis. The literature on these issues is substantial, and research interest in these topics has a long history. Furthermore, it is fairly unusual for academics' viewpoints on these subjects to disagree. In light of this, the subjects of the articles may best be regarded as representing the contributors' different viewpoints. Graduate students and professional researchers will also find these guides an excellent contribution to supplemental teaching in economic fields, especially labor economics, macroeconomics, and economic policies.

Diplomacy, Society and the COVID-19 Challenge

Erman Akıllı,Burak Güneş,Ahmet Gökbel
Diplomacy Society and the COVID 19 Challenge Book PDF

Author : Erman Akıllı,Burak Güneş,Ahmet Gökbel
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 312 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2023-10-20
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781000984156

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Diplomacy, Society and the COVID-19 Challenge by Erman Akıllı,Burak Güneş,Ahmet Gökbel Pdf

Diplomacy, Society and the COVID-19 Challenge brings together authors from various disciplinary backgrounds to examine the impacts of the pandemic on world politics and international relations, focusing on diplomacy and national, regional, and global responses to COVID-19. The authors adopt a critical perspective which questions the general assumption that security is only related to state security. The book’s first part deals with diplomacy and COVID-19, exploring forms such as virtual, digital, and science diplomacy. The second part, on national and regional responses to COVID-19, provides a detailed evaluation of the foreign policies of states and regional actors and the national/regional impacts of the pandemic. The third part investigates the responses of international organisations, such as NATO and the OECD, to COVID-19’s transformative and disruptive effects. This book will be of interest to students, scholars, and researchers of international relations, diplomacy, security studies, global governance, political science, political economy, and global public health, especially those with a particular focus on COVID-19 and how it has changed the world.

Informality and Inclusive Growth in the Middle East and North Africa

Gladys Lopez-Acevedo,Marco Ranzani,Nistha Sinha,Adam Elsheikhi
Informality and Inclusive Growth in the Middle East and North Africa Book PDF

Author : Gladys Lopez-Acevedo,Marco Ranzani,Nistha Sinha,Adam Elsheikhi
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 281 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2023-06-30
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781464819896

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Informality and Inclusive Growth in the Middle East and North Africa by Gladys Lopez-Acevedo,Marco Ranzani,Nistha Sinha,Adam Elsheikhi Pdf

The long-standing informality debate in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region has taken on a new urgency as it looks for a pathway to more socially inclusive growth that is less reliant on fossil fuels. This is occurring against a backdrop of subpar labor market outcomes, further growth setbacks, and deteriorating fiscal and current account deficits in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic--and in the wake of high inflation and supply chain disruptions triggered by the Russian Federation-Ukraine war. 'Informality and Inclusive Growth in the Middle East and North Africa' aims to better understand the characteristics and incentive structure that have led to the prevalence of informal employment in three MENA countries--the Arab Republic of Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia. The report breaks new ground by adopting a comprehensive perspective to focus on the features of, and interrelationships among, different aspects of these countries' institutional landscapes to make sense of the complex incentive structure that workers and firms face when deciding between formal and informal options. Specifically, the report groups these issues in three broad realms: (1) entrepreneur-worker relations, (2) taxes and transfers, and (3) market conditions. 'This report is an extremely welcome addition to the literature on MENA labor markets. By analyzing the incentive structure and institutional factors that have led to the prevalence of informal employment in Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia, it points the way to policy actions that can be taken to reduce informality and increase social protection for workers. It is a must-read for anyone who cares about greater economic inclusion in MENA.' --Ragui Assaad, Professor, Hubert H. Humphrey School of Public Affairs, University of Minnesota 'A compelling account of the implications of informality in the workforce and how economies of MENA can design appropriate policy responses. This timely report comes amid multiple social reforms in MENA and is a must-read for policy practitioners and economists in the region.' --Karim El Aynaoui, Executive President, Policy Center for the New South 'This report is particularly timely given the negative impact the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent crises have had on living standards and poverty rates around the world and especially in MENA countries. While the focus on boosting growth and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals has revolved around financing, the report sheds new light on the benefits that tackling informality through institutional, regulatory, and policy changes could present to achieving these goals.' --Mahmoud Mohieldin, Executive Director, International Monetary Fund

Exports to Improve Labor Markets in the Middle East and North Africa

Gladys Lopez-Acevedo,Raymond Robertson
Exports to Improve Labor Markets in the Middle East and North Africa Book PDF

Author : Gladys Lopez-Acevedo,Raymond Robertson
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 211 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2023-06-26
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781464819735

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Exports to Improve Labor Markets in the Middle East and North Africa by Gladys Lopez-Acevedo,Raymond Robertson Pdf

In the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), trade liberalization measures have coincided with stable economic growth, and GDP per capita growth has surpassed that of other developing regions. However, MENA's labor-market outcomes--such as average wage levels, informality rate, and female labor force participation--continue to underperform. Why has rising trade failed to produce better labor market outcomes in low- and middle-income countries in the region? 'Exports to Improve Labor Markets in the Middle East and North Africa' focuses on the impact of trade policy on trade-flows and their relationship with local labor market outcomes in three low- and middle-income countries--the Arab Republic of Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia. Given their idiosyncratic labor markets, export diversification, and trade policy history, these three countries other important lessons for economic development in the region. Policy makers and stakeholders can use these findings to design policies to improve the chances that higher trade flows will deliver better labor market outcomes and ensure that the benefits are more equally shared. 'This report, led by Gladys Lopez-Acevedo and Raymond Robertson, pushes forward the frontier of knowledge about the relationship between trade and the labor market in MENA. Although focusing on three countries (the Arab Republic of Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia), it gives us broader lessons on how to solve the apparent puzzle of greater exposure to trade not being followed by greater labor market outcomes in the region. It points out, among other factors, how market segmentation by gender shapes the effects of trade shocks like higher exports. Policy makers in the region will definitely benefit from the evidence and analysis conveyed by the report on how to turn trade integration into a lever for shared prosperity.' --Otaviano Canuto, Senior Fellow at the Policy Center for the New South, and former Vice President of the World Bank 'This timely report attempts to understand why trade expansion did not produce the desired improvements in labor market outcomes in three non-oil-exporting countries in MENA. The main reason for the weak link between trade expansion and widely shared labor market improvements appears to be the segmented nature of labor markets in the three countries, by gender as well as by formality status. In Morocco and Tunisia, the highly segmented labor markets along gender lines, in combination with the concentration of trade in male-dominated capital-intensive sectors, led to few employment benefits accruing to women. In Egypt, the limited impact of trade on formal employment is attributable to the small size of the nation’s export sector and its lack of integration with the rest of the economy. These findings are critical to understanding how barriers to widely shared prosperity can be tackled in the region.' --Ragui Assaad, Professor, Humphrey School of Public Affairs, University of Minnesota

GCC Hydrocarbon Economies and COVID

Nikolay Kozhanov,Karen Young,Jalal Qanas
GCC Hydrocarbon Economies and COVID Book PDF

Author : Nikolay Kozhanov,Karen Young,Jalal Qanas
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 330 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2023-01-21
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9789811954627

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GCC Hydrocarbon Economies and COVID by Nikolay Kozhanov,Karen Young,Jalal Qanas Pdf

The book considers the impact of COVID-19 on the GCC member states through the prism of challenges faced by their hydrocarbon sector. Yet, the publication’s discourse is not solely focused on the problems experienced by the oil and gas industries of the GCC member states after the beginning of the COVID pandemic. Instead, the contributors will analyze how these challenges and subsequent response to them affected other aspects of the GCC socio-economic and political development, from direct impact of the COVID on the energy sector of the GCC to socio-economic consequences of the oil market crisis for the region and its potential fallouts for the international relations of the Gulf.