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Diversity in Economic Growth by Gary McMahon,Hadi Salehi Esfahani,Lyn Squire Pdf
Drawing on the knowledge and understanding of the local circumstances of researchers from the case-study countries, this text outlines the value of diversity in economic growth.
The Economics of Cultural Diversity by Peter Nijkamp,Jacques Poot,Jessie Bakens Pdf
The populations of many countries in the world are becoming more culturally diverse. This spurs a growing need for an informed debate on the socio-economic implications of cultural diversity. This book offers a solid statistical and econometric perspec
The Effects of Diversity on Economic and Political Stability by Christian Brandes Pdf
Master's Thesis from the year 2017 in the subject Economics - Other, grade: 1,7, http://www.uni-jena.de/, language: English, abstract: Many developing countries do not only suffer from weak institutions, poor economic performance and corruption, but also from separatist movements and violent civil conflicts. The question arises why some countries could achieve economic growth and development, while others never experienced considerable economic development and are trapped in a vicious circle of re-occurring violent conflicts and economic deterioration. Since developing countries tend to be more diverse in terms of ethnicity, language and religion and many civil conflicts appear to have an ethnic or religious component, diversity is regarded as a main cause of economic and political instability. Furthermore, many scholars consider higher levels of diversity in the least developed countries to be the crucial factor that leads to inefficient policy decisions and impedes growth and development. This master thesis addresses the question how diversity affects economic and political stability and elaborates appropriate parameters which are further used in a composite indicator (CI) to quantify a country’s stability, respectively instability. The thesis is structured as follows: After a review of the literature on the relations between diversity and economic development and civil conflicts in chapter two, the historic and environmental conditions under which different ethnic and linguistic groups emerged are described. Further, the effects of external shocks which shaped ethnic development in the special case of Africa are assessed. Chapter four introduces the most common measurements of ethnic, linguistic and religious diversity and describes the differences between fractionalisation and polarisation. Several studies describing the effects of different aspects of diversity on various economic and political outcomes are discussed. This is followed by chapter five which is addressing the causes of instability and civil conflict. It is examined how conflict, as the major outcome of instability, is related to and can be driven by diversity and which roles economic and institutional aspects play in explaining civil conflicts. In the subsequent part, several indicators which capture different aspects of stability are critically assessed. Further, parameters and their respective weights towards a new composite indicator of instability are elaborated. Subsequently, chapter seven concludes.
Proximity, Distance and Diversity by Päivi Oinas Pdf
Bringing together a wide range of empirical studies from around the world (Sweden, Norway, Austria, Germany, France, UK, Israel, Russia, China, Taiwan, Argentina, Canada), framed in related contemporary theoretical frameworks, this book examines the question of the significance of proximate vs. more distant relationships for economic agents' performance and local economic development. While this question has been the subject of intense debates in recent years, it is obvious that proximity and distance are not explanatory factors as such. The book argues for the need to understand the aims of economic relationships, the nature of the regional environment in which they originate, and the scale at which they operate. The book suggests that the notions of diversity, innovativeness, maturity and multiple scales should be incorporated into the debates on the significance of proximity for economic performance.
The bulk of contemporary economics assumes rather than explains differences between people or groups of people. Yet, many of these differences are produced by society or they imply differing opportunities and outcomes. This book argues that economists should concern themselves with the explanation of the social causes and effects of such differences. D’Ippoliti introduces the concept of diversity to summarise all differences that are of social origin and that a theory or model seeks to explain. This contrasts with the traditional concept of heterogeneity that instead refers to differences that are deemed to be exogenous of economic theory. In approaching this, the book ranges from the fields of methodology and history of economics to applied empirical work, as well as gender diversity which is considered in depth. The analysis of the thinking of two major economists of the past, John Stuart Mill and Gustav Schmoller, demonstrates how gender diversity exemplifies some of the fundamental issues in economics, such as the division of labour, society’s capacity to reproduce itself, and the role of social institutions and their impact on individual and collective behaviour. The book maintains that growth of GDP and of the services sector cannot be trusted to automatically bring about greater inclusion of women in the labour market. Active policy interventions are needed, spanning from the removal of discrimination to the provision of public services and the establishment of fair competition in the market, along with an improved division of social and political power between the sexes. This work will be of interest to researchers and students focusing on the history of economic thought, labour economics, social policy and gender studies.
All Hands In? Making Diversity Work for All by OECD Pdf
OECD societies have become increasingly diverse in the past decades, offering new opportunities if diversity is properly managed. Ensuring that OECD countries are equipped to make the most of diversity by fully utilising all talent among diverse populations and promoting inclusive labour markets is a key challenge.
Resurgent Asia analyses the phenomenal transformation of Asia, which would have been difficult to imagine, let alone predict, fifty years ago, when Gunnar Myrdal published Asian Drama. In doing so, it provides an analytical narrative of this remarkable story of economic development, situated in its wider context of historical, political, and social factors, and an economic analysis of the underlying factors, with a focus on critical issues in the process of, and outcomes in, development. In 1970, Asia was the poorest continent in the world, marginal except for its large population. By 2016, it accounted for three-tenths of world income, two-fifths of world manufacturing, and one-third of world trade, while its income per capita converged towards the world average. However, this transformation was associated with unequal outcomes across countries and between people. The analysis disaggregates Asia into its four constituent sub-regions--East, Southeast, South, and West--and further into fourteen economies--China, India, South Korea, Indonesia, Turkey, Taiwan, Thailand, Philippines, Malaysia, Singapore, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Vietnam, and Sri Lanka--which account for more than four-fifths of its population and income. This book enhances our understanding of development processes and outcomes in Asia over the past fifty years, draws out the analytical conclusions that contribute to contemporary debates on development, and highlights some lessons from the Asian experience for countries elsewhere. It is the first to examine the phenomenal changes that are transforming economies in Asia and shifting the balance of economic power in the world, while reflecting on the future prospects in Asia over the next twenty-five years. A rich, engaging, and fascinating read.
Women, Government and Policy Making in OECD Countries Fostering Diversity for Inclusive Growth by OECD Pdf
This book provides comparative data and policy benchmarks on women's access to public leadership and inclusive gender-responsive policy-making across OECD countries.
This book focuses on cities, their relationships with each other and the disparities between them. Analysing cities as the places where diversity is especially apparent, where cultural richness is experienced and where conflicts often erupt, it illustrates how cultures and cultural diversity interact with economic growth and development. The contributors provide valuable insight into how diverse cities should best be governed and made sustainable, and explore the concept of diversity in relation to sustainability. Building on segregation, assimilation and integration policies, the book indicates the need to develop policies that can govern diversity in a dynamic, nonlinear and spatio-temporal complex way.
Women, Work, and Economic Growth by Ms.Kalpana Kochhar,Ms.Sonali Jain-Chandra,Ms.Monique Newiak Pdf
Women make up a little over half of the world’s population, but their contribution to measured economic activity and growth is far below its potential. Despite significant progress in recent decades, labor markets across the world remain divided along gender lines, and progress toward gender equality seems to have stalled. The challenges of growth, job creation, and inclusion are closely intertwined. This volume brings together key research by IMF economists on issues related to gender and macroeconomics. In addition to providing policy prescriptions and case studies from IMF member countries, the chapters also look at the gender gap from an economic point of view.
The Cambridge Economic History of the United States by Stanley L. Engerman,Robert E. Gallman Pdf
This three volume work offers a comprehensive survey of the history of economic activity and economic change in the United States, and in those regions whose economies have at certain times been closely allied to that of the US.
