Drinking Water Quality And Human Health

Author : Patrick Levallois,Cristina Villanueva Belmonte
Publisher : MDPI
Page : 374 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2019-04-04
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783038977261

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Drinking Water Quality and Human Health by Patrick Levallois,Cristina Villanueva Belmonte Pdf

The quality of drinking water is paramount for public health. Despite important improvements in the last decades, access to safe drinking water is not universal. The World Health Organization estimates that almost 10% of the population in the world do not have access to improved drinking water sources. Among other diseases, waterborne infections cause diarrhea, which kills nearly one million people every year, mostly children under 5 years of age. On the other hand, chemical pollution is a concern in high-income countries and an increasing problem in low- and middle-income countries. Exposure to chemicals in drinking water may lead to a range of chronic non-communicable diseases (e.g., cancer, cardiovascular disease), adverse reproductive outcomes, and effects on children’s health (e.g., neurodevelopment), among other health effects. Although drinking water quality is regulated and monitored in many countries, increasing knowledge leads to the need for reviewing standards and guidelines on a nearly permanent basis, both for regulated and newly identified contaminants. Drinking water standards are mostly based on animal toxicity data, and more robust epidemiologic studies with accurate exposure assessment are needed. The current risk assessment paradigm dealing mostly with one-by-one chemicals dismisses the potential synergisms or interactions from exposures to mixtures of contaminants, particularly at the low-exposure range. Thus, evidence is needed on exposure and health effects of mixtures of contaminants in drinking water. Finally, water stress and water quality problems are expected to increase in the coming years due to climate change and increasing water demand by population growth, and new evidence is needed to design appropriate adaptation policies. This Special Issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH) focuses on the current state of knowledge on the links between drinking water quality and human health.

Author : A. Dufour,Jamie Bartram
Publisher : IWA Publishing
Page : 489 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2012-10-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781780401232

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Animal Waste, Water Quality and Human Health by A. Dufour,Jamie Bartram Pdf

Domestic animals contaminate recreational waters and drinking-water sources with excreta and pathogens; but this threat to public health is inadequately understood and is insufficiently addressed in regulations. More than 85% of the world’s faecal wastes is from domestic animals such as poultry, cattle, sheep and pigs. These animals harbor zoonotic pathogens that are transported in the environment by water, especially runoff. However little information exists on health effects associated with exposure to this potential hazard to human health; and water standards focused on control of human fecal contamination do reflect the contribution of non-human fecal contamination to risk. Does compliance with current monitoring practices using microbial indicators provide protection against animal and bird sources of fecal contamination? Prepared with contributions from a group of international experts, Animal Waste, Water Quality and Human Health considers microbial contamination from domestic animal and bird sources and explores the health hazards associated with this microbial contamination and approaches to protecting public health. Animal Waste, Water Quality and Human Health will be of interest to regulators with responsibility for recreational waters, drinking water quality and water reuse; policymakers working in water quality, public health and agriculture; decision makers responsible for livestock management; and scientists and practitioners concerned with many affected subjects. Topics covered include: Credible waterborne zoonotic pathogens are discussed and ranked according to their potential hazard level. Each pathogen is described with regard to their sources, reservoirs, and infectivity. Faecal production rates of various domestic animals are discussed, alongside pathogen transmission in animal populations, pathogen prevalence in animals and “supershedders”. Transport of fecal indicator organisms and their episodic occurrence in catchments. Interventions for improving food safety and reducing production losses. The impact of interventions, e.g. enhanced attenuation and storage to prevent spills; benchmarking against best management practices to reduce diffuse source contamination. Models to inform design of farm-scale best management practices and the effectiveness of best management practices for attenuating pathogen transport within catchments. The complex nature of human exposure to zoonotic waterborne pathogens; including the relationships among livestock waste contamination, water impairment, zoonotic pathogens, and human infection and illness. Human exposure interventions include case studies that discuss eradicating disease in discharging populations, adding filtration to minimal treated water to reduce Cryptosporidium occurrence and UV disinfection of beach waters to reduce beach postings. Indicators, sanitary surveys and source attribution techniques; risk assessment of exposure to zoonotic pathogens, including an interactive risk comparison approach. A review of epidemiological studies that address the relationship between swimmer illness and exposure to waters contaminated by nonhuman fecal wastes. Economic evaluation of the costs and benefits associated with animal waste management and human health.

Author : Geneviève M. Carr,James P. Neary
Publisher : UNEP/Earthprint
Page : 132 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9295039513

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Water Quality for Ecosystem and Human Health by Geneviève M. Carr,James P. Neary Pdf

This document is intended to provide an overview of the major components of surface and ground water quality and how these relate to ecosystem and human health. Local, regional and global assessments of water quality monitoring data are used to illustrate key features of aquatic environments, and to demonstrate how human activities on the landscape can influence water quality in both positive and negative ways. Clear and concise background knowledge on water quality can serve to support other water assessments.

Author : Patrick Sullivan,Franklin J. Agardy,James J.J. Clark
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 384 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2005-08-01
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780080457727

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The Environmental Science of Drinking Water by Patrick Sullivan,Franklin J. Agardy,James J.J. Clark Pdf

In today’s chemically dependent society, environmental studies demonstrate that drinking water in developed countries contains numerous industrial chemicals, pesticides, pharmaceuticals and chemicals from water treatment processes. This poses a real threat. As a result of the ever-expanding list of chemical and biochemical products industry, current drinking water standards that serve to preserve our drinking water quality are grossly out of date. Environmental Science of Drinking Water demonstrates why we need to make a fundamental change in our approach toward protecting our drinking water. Factual and circumstantial evidence showing the failure of current drinking water standards to adequately protect human health is presented along with analysis of the extent of pollution in our water resources and drinking water. The authors also present detail of the currently available state-of-the-art technologies which, if fully employed, can move us toward a healthier future. * Addresses the international problems of outdated standards and the overwhelming onslaught of new contaminants. * Includes new monitoring data on non-regulated chemicals in water sources and drinking water. * Includes a summary of different bottled waters as well as consumer water purification technologies.

Author : World Health Organization
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 260 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 1993
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9241545038

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Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality by World Health Organization Pdf

This volume describes the methods used in the surveillance of drinking water quality in the light of the special problems of small-community supplies, particularly in developing countries, and outlines the strategies necessary to ensure that surveillance is effective.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 33 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2022
Category : Diquat
ISBN : 0660395487

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Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality by Anonim Pdf

Author : John DeZuane
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 600 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 1997-01-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 047128789X

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Handbook of Drinking Water Quality by John DeZuane Pdf

"Well-written and informative." --Richard Lewis, Lewis Information Systems "This [book] combines information which could possibly haverequired as many as four reference sources in the past." --Steven C. Messer In its first edition, John De Zuane's popular reference drewwide praise for being an insightful theoretical resource. Now, inthe second edition of Handbook of Drinking Water Quality, DeZuane builds on that legacy with the same practical and conceptualemphases, adding a wealth of new information that providesimmediate access to the data and guidelines needed to * understand the impact of drinking water parameters on publichealth * help build and operate water supply facilities * conduct reliable drinking water sampling, monitoring, andanalytical evaluation * implement potability standards from the source to the treatmentfacility, to storage, to the tap * write new standards and expand/modify existing standards asquickly as needed Preventing contamination of drinking water requires amultidisciplinary perspective, one that incorporates elements ofbacteriology, chemistry, physics, engineering, public health,preventive medicine, and control and evaluation management. In aconcise, easy-to-use format, Handbook of Drinking WaterQuality, Second Edition, describes * Data and guidelines from the World Health Organization and theEuropean Community used to develop drinking water standards * U.S. drinking water standards--their physical, chemical,microbiological, and radionuclide parameters and monitoringrequirements * EPA-approved analytical methods and the most effectivetreatment technologies for each contaminant * Critical concepts of water quality control as applied in watertreatment in conventional or chemical treatment plants * Disinfection and fluoridation requirements * Common problems with water distribution systems, including deadends, sediments, bacterial growth, insufficient pressure, and mainbreaks To keep pace with recent breakthroughs in scientific research,water analysis, and program implementation and monitoring, thisSecond Edition features expanded and updated informationon * All drinking water regulations issued since the previousedition in 1990 * Current drinking water standards adopted by the EuropeanCommunity * Lead poisoning, radon, and Cryptosporidium * Compulsory water treatment for lead and copper * Coliform Rule compliance (disinfection and filtration) * Trihalomethane reduction with ozonation As a quick reference, handbook, and technical manual Handbookof Drinking Water Quality, Second Edition, is an essentialvolume for engineers, water supply and treatment personnel,environmental scientists, public health officials, or anyoneresponsible for assuring the safety of drinking water.

Author : Satinder Ahuja
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 412 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2009-07-17
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 0080921124

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Handbook of Water Purity and Quality by Satinder Ahuja Pdf

This work provides those involved in water purification research and administration with a comprehensive resource of methods for analyzing water to assure its safety from contaminants, both natural and human caused. The book first provides an overview of major water-related issues in developing and developed countries, followed by a review of issues of sampling for water analysis, regulatory considerations and forensics in water quality and purity investigations. The subsequent chapters cover microbial as well chemical contaminations from inorganic compounds, radionuclides, volatile and semi-volatile compounds, disinfectants, herbicides, and pharmaceuticals, including endocrine disruptors, as well as potential terrorist-related contamination. The last chapter describes the Grainger prize-winning filter that can remove arsenic from water sources and sufficiently protect the health of a large number of people. - Covers the scope of water contamination problems on a worldwide scale - Provides a rich source of methods for analyzing water to assure its safety from natural and deliberate contaminants - Describes the filter that won the $1 million Grainger prize and thereby highlighting an important approach to remediation

Author : World Health Organization
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 156 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9241545356

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Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality by World Health Organization Pdf

Annotation This addendum to the second edition of the contains reviews of five types of pathogens that occur widely in water, summarizing current knowledge on transmission, attenuation, and removal of individual pathogens. These documents supersede, and are more comprehensive than, those previously published in vols. 1 and 2 of the . There is no subject index. Annotation (c)2003 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com).

Author : Joshua I. Barzilay,Winkler G. Weinberg,J. William Eley
Publisher : Rutgers University Press
Page : 200 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Health & Fitness
ISBN : 0813526736

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The Water We Drink by Joshua I. Barzilay,Winkler G. Weinberg,J. William Eley Pdf

Briefly traces the history of sanitation and disease, discusses links between water and infectious diseases, cancer, and infertility, and looks at bottled water and water purification.

Author : World Health Organization
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 431 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2001-07
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789241545334

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Water Quality by World Health Organization Pdf

The quality of water, whether it is used for drinking, irrigation or recreational purposes, is significant for health in both developing and developed countries worldwide. This book is based on a programme of work undertaken by an international group of experts during 1999-2001. The aim was to develop a harmonised framework of effective and affordable guidelines and standards to improve the risk assessment and management of water-related microbial hazards. This book will be useful to all those concerned with issues relating to microbial water quality and health, including environmental and public health scientists, water scientists, policy makers and those responsible for developing standards and regulations.

Author : Shoji Kubota,Yoshiteru Tsuchiya
Publisher : EOLSS Publications
Page : 280 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2010-02-25
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781848260313

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Water Quality and Standards - Volume II by Shoji Kubota,Yoshiteru Tsuchiya Pdf

Water Quality and Standards is a component of Encyclopedia of Water Sciences, Engineering and Technology Resources in the global Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), which is an integrated compendium of twenty one Encyclopedias. Drinking water should not be contaminated by microbes or chemical substances harmful to human health. This theme discusses water quality and the water quality standards required for the purpose of use in all its aspects. This work in two volumes is aimed at the following five major target audiences: University and College students Educators, Professional practitioners, Research personnel and Policy analysts, Managers, and Decision makers and NGOs

Author : Ashish Pandey,S.K. Mishra,M.L. Kansal,R.D. Singh,V.P. Singh
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 393 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2020-08-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783030514273

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Climate Impacts on Water Resources in India by Ashish Pandey,S.K. Mishra,M.L. Kansal,R.D. Singh,V.P. Singh Pdf

This book chiefly focuses on environmental flow, water pollution and water quality. Several chapters also cover water treatment technologies and management. In today’s context, climate change and climate variability are important issues in the water sector, which is called upon to develop adaptation strategies to cope with their negative impacts. Human health depends upon the quality of water used for drinking and irrigation purposes. These core issues are discussed and addressed in several chapters. The book explores the impact of climate change on water resources and considers various climatological scenarios. In this regard, it carries out a trend analysis and compares the performance of various Global Climate Models (GCMs). Further, it conducts a water quality analysis and water quality mapping so as to provide information on the most vulnerable areas in the context of water quality. Emerging pollutants, generated from paper mills, are identified in order to choose an appropriate treatment technology. Bioremediation techniques are included for the characterization of improved water quality parameters. The book also presents a low-cost treatment technology for fluoride removal, which can help water managers ensure potable water to stakeholders. In terms of maintaining river ecology in the downstream areas of water resources project sites, the book provides a number of case studies on assessment of environmental flows. Advanced treatment technologies that can be highly advantageous for removing water pollutants are presented. Given its scope, the book offers a valuable resource for academics, water resources practitioners, scientists, water managers, environmentalists, administrators, NGOs, researchers and students who are involved in water management with a main focus on water pollution, the environment, climate change and health.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 1537 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2013-09-24
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780123821836

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Comprehensive Water Quality and Purification by Anonim Pdf

Comprehensive Water Quality and Purification, Four Volume Set provides a rich source of methods for analyzing water to assure its safety from natural and deliberate contaminants, including those that are added because of carelessness of human endeavors. Human development has great impact on water quality, and new contaminants are emerging every day. The issues of sampling for water analysis, regulatory considerations, and forensics in water quality and purity investigations are covered in detail. Microbial as well as chemical contaminations from inorganic compounds, radionuclides, volatile and semivolatile compounds, disinfectants, herbicides, and pharmaceuticals, including endocrine disruptors, are treated extensively. Researchers must be aware of all sources of contamination and know how to prescribe techniques for removing them from our water supply. Unlike other works published to date that concentrate on issues of water supply, water resource management, hydrology, and water use by industry, this work is more tightly focused on the monitoring and improvement of the quality of existing water supplies and the recovery of wastewater via new and standard separation techniques Using analytical chemistry methods, offers remediation advice on pollutants and contaminants in addition to providing the critical identification perspective The players in the global boom of water purification are numerous and varied. Having worked extensively in academia and industry, the Editor-in-Chief has been careful about constructing a work for a shared audience and cause

Author : Anonim
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 614 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2022-03-31
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789240045064

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Guidelines for drinking-water quality by Anonim Pdf

The fourth edition incorporating the first and second addenda, of the World Health Organization's (WHO) Guidelines for drinking-water quality (GDWQ) builds on over 60 years of guidance by WHO on drinking-water quality, which has formed an authoritative basis for the setting of national regulations and standards for water safety in support of public health. It is the product of significant revisions to clarify and elaborate on ways of implementing its recommendations of contextual hazard identification and risk management, through the establishment of health-based targets, catchment-to-consumer water safety plans and independent surveillance. Updates in this latest edition reflect new evidence and further, provides additional explanations to support better understanding and application of the guidance. More details on the updates are included in the GDWQ preface.