Drug Per Se Laws

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : Drugged driving
ISBN : 1771783036

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Drug Per Se Laws by Anonim Pdf

The relative simplicity of per se laws, their widespread acceptance for dealing with alcohol-impaired driving and the demonstrated effectiveness of alcohol per se laws have bolstered the call for similar per se limits to be established for other drugs. [...] In 1951, amendments to the Criminal Code changed driving "under the influence" or "while intoxicated" to driving "while impaired" and the term "narcotic" was expanded to include "any drug."2 Despite the long history of laws on drugs and driving, in the absence of a procedure to systematically assess impairment and collect bodily fluid samples for analysis, it was difficult to gather sufficient and [...] What the Evidence Says A per se law is essentially a legal shortcut used to simplify the adjudication of offenders by eliminating the need to prove the driver's ability to operate a vehicle safely was impaired. [...] In the case of alcohol, without the burden of having to prove the accused was impaired by alcohol, the prosecution can focus on two elements: was the person driving and was his or her BAC in excess of 80 mg/dL. [...] Foremost, the 80 mg/dL limit for alcohol was derived from years of experimental and epidemiologic research demonstrating that this level of alcohol was associated with considerable impairment of many of the skills and abilities necessary for the safe operation of a motor vehicle.

Author : A. Wayne Jones,Jorg Morland,Ray H. Liu
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 721 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2020-06-15
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781000048568

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Alcohol, Drugs, and Impaired Driving by A. Wayne Jones,Jorg Morland,Ray H. Liu Pdf

Alcohol, Drugs, and Impaired Driving addresses many theoretical and practical issues related to the role played by alcohol and other psychoactive drugs on driving performance, road-traffic safety, and public health. Several key forensic issues are involved in the enforcement of laws regulating driving under the influence of alcohol and/or other drugs, including analytical toxicology, pharmacology of drug action, as well as the relationships between dose taken, concentration levels in the body, and impairment of performance and behavior. Our knowledge of drunken driving is much more comprehensive than drugged driving, so a large part of this book is devoted to alcohol impairment, as well as impairment caused by use of drugs other than alcohol. For convenience, the book is divided into four main sections. The first section gives some historical background about measuring alcohol in blood and breath as evidence for the prosecution of traffic offenders. The important role of the Breathalyzer instrument in traffic-law enforcement, especially in Australia, Canada, and the USA is presented along with a biographical sketch of its inventor (Professor Robert F. Borkenstein of Indiana University) with focus on the man, his work and his impact. The second section discusses several issues related to forensic blood and breath-alcohol alcohol analysis as evidence for prosecution of traffic offenders. This includes how the results should be interpreted in relation to impairment and an evaluation of common defense challenges. Because most countries have adopted concentration per se laws, the main thrust of the prosecution case is the suspect’s measured blood- or breath-alcohol concentration. This legal framework necessitates that the analytical methods used are "fit for purpose" and are subjected to rigorous quality assurance procedures. The third section gives a broad overview of the current state of knowledge about driving under the influence of non-alcohol drugs in various countries. This includes adoption of zero-tolerance laws, concentration per se statutes, and clinical evidence of driver impairment based on field sobriety tests and drug recognition expert evidence. The fourth section deals with epidemiology, enforcement, and countermeasures aimed at reducing the threat of drunken and drugged driving. All articles have appeared previously in the international journal Forensic Science Review, but all are completely updated with current data, references, and the latest research on developments since the articles were published. This book contains a convenient collection of the best articles covering recommendations for blood and breath testing methods, public policy relating to such methods, and forensic and legal implications of the enforcement of measures to counter driving under the influence.

Author : Nathan Baker
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 264 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2018-09-21
Category : Law
ISBN : 1552214923

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Drug-Impaired Driving in Canada by Nathan Baker Pdf

Drug-Impaired Driving in Canada is a ready reference for prosecutors, defence lawyers, and the judiciary, covering the matters unique to drug-impaired driving cases. Key areas covered include specimen testing for drugs, specialized experts, new legislation, and caselaw. This text provides a breakdown of the issues that pervade these cases.

Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 112 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2010-10-08
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789282102763

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Drugs and Driving Detection and Deterrence by OECD Pdf

This report provides a state-of-the-art review of the role and impact of drugs in road accident risk. It reviews the legislation, deterrence and roadside detection practices in member countries as well as preventative measures to combat drug use while driving.

Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Oversight and Government Reform. Subcommittee on Government Operations
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 88 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2014
Category : Drugged driving
ISBN : MINN:31951D03800084F

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Planes, Trains, and Automobiles by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Oversight and Government Reform. Subcommittee on Government Operations Pdf

Author : Harold H. Traver,Mark S. Gaylord
Publisher : Hong Kong University Press
Page : 206 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 1992-08-01
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9789622093096

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Drugs, Law and the State by Harold H. Traver,Mark S. Gaylord Pdf

This book contains nine essays written by distinguished scholars from North America. Europe, and Asia, and provides an in-depth examination of the socio-legal developments of drug control in different countries. Important rational approaches to the formulation of drug policy are discussed. A must-read for anyone interested in the highly topical, worldwide drug problem.

Author : Craig W. Stevens
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 260 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2020-01-08
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780128005828

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The Drug Expert by Craig W. Stevens Pdf

The Drug Expert: A Practical Guide to the Impact of Drug Use in Legal Proceedings targets academic and industry pharmacologists, pharmacology graduate students, and professionals and students of affiliated disciplines, such as pharmacy and toxicology. Users will find it to be an invaluable reference for those involved in the field. In addition, pharmacists and others who increasingly serve as expert witnesses and toxicologists will find an array of very useful information. Focuses on important topics for the consulting pharmacologist, including prescription, over-the-counter and illegal drugs and their effects on criminal and civil proceedings Details the “how-to aspects of being an expert witness in pharmacology by presenting real-life cases and effective tips and experiences Includes several appendices, such as a sample letter of engagement and fee schedule, a litigation report, a consulting invoice and valuable resources

Author : Robert A. Mikos
Publisher : Aspen Publishing
Page : 1067 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2017-05-18
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781454887959

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Marijuana Law, Policy, and Authority by Robert A. Mikos Pdf

Marijuana Law, Policy, and Authority is a first-of-its-kind law school casebook in a rapidly-emerging and exciting new field. The accessible, comprehensive, and engaging material guides students through the competing approaches to regulating marijuana, the purposes and effects of those approaches, and the legal authorities for choosing among them. The helpful organization intersperses these issues of substantive law, policy, and authority throughout the discussion of users, suppliers, and third parties. Substantive law materials cover either prohibitions or regulations targeting users, suppliers, or third parties. Policy materials cover the goals of marijuana law and policy as well as the research on the impact of different marijuana policies. Authority materials address the different levels of government—federal, state, and local. Notes, questions, and numerous problems in each chapter provide additional thought-provoking material and help to reinforce student learning. Current, news-headlining cases keep the discussion interesting and lively. Key Features: Internationally renowned author Robert Mikos is the premier authority on marijuana law. He draws upon nearly a decade of professional experience teaching, lecturing, consulting, and writing about marijuana law and policy. Three distinct but inter-woven topics are covered: the substantive law governing marijuana; the policy rationales behind and outcomes produced by different approaches to regulating the drug; and the legal authority to regulate the drug. Students are guided through the multi-faceted legal and policy issues now confronting lawyers, lawmakers, judges, and policy analysts working in this emerging field. Written in a style that is familiar to law students, but also accessible to a much broader audience, including graduate and upper level undergraduate students in courses in policy studies, political science, and criminology. Cutting-edge issues are included that are intellectually engaging for students and professors alike—e.g., how are conflicts between state/ federal law resolved? What are the roles of courts and executive officers in terms of policy? Dives deeply into classic legal issues: contract enforceability and powers of court, Congress, and the state. Notes and Questions following cases offer stimulating fodder for discussion.

Author : Robert M. Solomon,Sharyn Langdon,Tracy Hammond,Addiction Research Foundation of Ontario
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 1985
Category : Liquor laws
ISBN : 0888681070

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A Guide to Drug and Alcohol Laws for Canadians by Robert M. Solomon,Sharyn Langdon,Tracy Hammond,Addiction Research Foundation of Ontario Pdf

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 2253 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-28
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780123821669

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Encyclopedia of Forensic Sciences by Anonim Pdf

Forensic science includes all aspects of investigating a crime, including: chemistry, biology and physics, and also incorporates countless other specialties. Today, the service offered under the guise of "forensic science’ includes specialties from virtually all aspects of modern science, medicine, engineering, mathematics and technology. The Encyclopedia of Forensic Sciences, Second Edition, Four Volume Set is a reference source that will inform both the crime scene worker and the laboratory worker of each other’s protocols, procedures and limitations. Written by leading scientists in each area, every article is peer reviewed to establish clarity, accuracy, and comprehensiveness. As reflected in the specialties of its Editorial Board, the contents covers the core theories, methods and techniques employed by forensic scientists – and applications of these that are used in forensic analysis. This 4-volume set represents a 30% growth in articles from the first edition, with a particular increase in coverage of DNA and digital forensics Includes an international collection of contributors The second edition features a new 21-member editorial board, half of which are internationally based Includes over 300 articles, approximately 10pp on average Each article features a) suggested readings which point readers to additional sources for more information, b) a list of related Web sites, c) a 5-10 word glossary and definition paragraph, and d) cross-references to related articles in the encyclopedia Available online via SciVerse ScienceDirect. Please visit www.info.sciencedirect.com for more information This new edition continues the reputation of the first edition, which was awarded an Honorable Mention in the prestigious Dartmouth Medal competition for 2001. This award honors the creation of reference works of outstanding quality and significance, and is sponsored by the RUSA Committee of the American Library Association

Author : Kevin A. Sabet,Ken C. Winters
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2018-06-01
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780190671860

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Contemporary Health Issues on Marijuana by Kevin A. Sabet,Ken C. Winters Pdf

Marijuana is the most commonly used illicit drug in the United States. A growing number of Americans now perceive marijuana as relatively harmless and the notion that the drug should be legalized it is becoming increasingly popular. As policy in this area remains dynamic, resulting health issues, including the harm to adolescents and the potential for compounds to have therapeutic value, become more salient. Contemporary Health Issues on Marijuana is a balanced, empirically driven volume that highlights new and meaningful theory and evidence pertaining to marijuana use. Authored by a multidisciplinary group of experts from the fields of psychology, epidemiology, medicine, and criminal justice, chapters comprehensively review numerous research domains of public health interest with respect to marijuana use, including the drug's impact on cognitive and neurological functioning, its medical effects, treatment approaches for cannabis use disorders, the effects of marijuana smoking on lung function, and marijuana-impaired driving. The book concludes with a chapter on policy implications, taking stock of current trends and anticipating prevalence rates and resulting health consequences that will only continue to grow. Contemporary Health Issues on Marijuana is a resource of great clinical, scientific, and public policy value that will be a must-have for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers alike.

Author : National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Substance Abuse and Habitual Behavior
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 55 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 1982-01-01
Category : Drug abuse
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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An Analysis of Marijuana Policy by National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Substance Abuse and Habitual Behavior Pdf

Defenders of marijuana use may seize on the ambiguity or absence of evidence for such damage and ignore any other effects on education or safety; those opposed to marijuana use may emphasize the possibility of chronic disease that is suggested by some laboratory findings and ignore the social, political, and economic costs of fighting a well-established custom. The Committee wishes to make clear what it regards as the limits of this report for the selection of policy alteratives. Scientific judgment can estimate the prevalence of different kinds of use, risks to health, economic costs, and the like under current policies and can try to project such estimates for new policies. It can come to some conclusions based on those estimates. But selection of an alternative is always a value-governed choice, which can ultimately be made only by the political process.

Author : A. Wayne Jones,Jorg Gustav Morland,Ray H. Liu
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 564 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2020-06-15
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781000048643

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Alcohol, Drugs, and Impaired Driving by A. Wayne Jones,Jorg Gustav Morland,Ray H. Liu Pdf

Alcohol, Drugs, and Impaired Driving addresses many theoretical and practical issues related to the role played by alcohol and other psychoactive drugs on driving performance, road-traffic safety, and public health. Several key forensic issues are involved in the enforcement of laws regulating driving under the influence of alcohol and/or other drugs, including analytical toxicology, pharmacology of drug action, as well as the relationships between dose taken, concentration levels in the body, and impairment of performance and behavior. Our knowledge of drunken driving is much more comprehensive than drugged driving, so a large part of this book is devoted to alcohol impairment, as well as impairment caused by use of drugs other than alcohol. For convenience, the book is divided into four main sections. The first section gives some historical background about measuring alcohol in blood and breath as evidence for the prosecution of traffic offenders. The important role of the Breathalyzer instrument in traffic-law enforcement, especially in Australia, Canada, and the USA is presented along with a biographical sketch of its inventor (Professor Robert F. Borkenstein of Indiana University) with focus on the man, his work and his impact. The second section discusses several issues related to forensic blood and breath-alcohol alcohol analysis as evidence for prosecution of traffic offenders. This includes how the results should be interpreted in relation to impairment and an evaluation of common defense challenges. Because most countries have adopted concentration per se laws, the main thrust of the prosecution case is the suspect’s measured blood- or breath-alcohol concentration. This legal framework necessitates that the analytical methods used are "fit for purpose" and are subjected to rigorous quality assurance procedures. The third section gives a broad overview of the current state of knowledge about driving under the influence of non-alcohol drugs in various countries. This includes adoption of zero-tolerance laws, concentration per se statutes, and clinical evidence of driver impairment based on field sobriety tests and drug recognition expert evidence. The fourth section deals with epidemiology, enforcement, and countermeasures aimed at reducing the threat of drunken and drugged driving. All articles have appeared previously in the international journal Forensic Science Review, but all are completely updated with current data, references, and the latest research on developments since the articles were published. This book contains a convenient collection of the best articles covering recommendations for blood and breath testing methods, public policy relating to such methods, and forensic and legal implications of the enforcement of measures to counter driving under the influence.

Author : Tom Decorte,Simon Lenton,Chris Wilkins
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 431 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2020-02-20
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780429765049

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Legalizing Cannabis by Tom Decorte,Simon Lenton,Chris Wilkins Pdf

Marijuana is the most widely used illegal drug in the world. Over the past couple of decades, several Western jurisdictions have seen reforms in, or changes to, the way cannabis use is being controlled, departing from traditional approaches of criminal prohibition that have dominated cannabis use control regimes for most of the twentieth century. While reform is stalled at the international level, the last decade has seen an acceleration of legislative and regulatory reforms at the local and national levels, with countries no longer willing to bear the human and financial costs of prohibitive policies. Furthermore, legalization models have been implemented in US states, Canada and Uruguay, and are being debated in a number of other countries. These models are providing the world with unique pilot programs from which to study and learn. This book assembles an international who’s who of cannabis scholars who bring together the best available evidence and expertise to address questions such as: How should we evaluate the models of cannabis legalization as they have been implemented in several jurisdictions in the past few years? Which scenarios for future cannabis legalization have been developed elsewhere, and how similar/different are they from the models already implemented? What lessons from the successes and failures experienced with the regulation of other psychoactive substances (such as alcohol, tobacco, pharmaceuticals and “legal highs”) can be translated to the effective regulation of cannabis markets? Legalizing Cannabis will appeal to anyone interested in public health policies and drug policy reform and offers relevant insights for stakeholders in any other country where academic, societal or political evaluations of current cannabis policies (and even broader: current drug policies) are a subject of debate.

Author : Kellena Page
Publisher : eBookIt.com
Page : 109 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781456609535

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A Parent's Guide to Substance Abuse and Addiction by Kellena Page Pdf

A Parents Guide to Substance Abuse and Addiction: provides a necessary education on what the main substances of abuse are, how they are used, how addiction occurs, and the resulting physical, psychological, and legal consequences. This concise and factual guide is a useful reference for both parents and their teens. Its main purpose is to educate and open a pathway of communication, trust, and respect between parents and their teens about drug and alcohol abuse and how and why addiction occurs. It arms teens with vital knowledge about the pitfalls and possible dangers of substance abuse so that they can make educated choices throughout their teenage years and beyond.