Dull Disasters

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Dull Disasters?

Daniel J. Clarke,Stefan Dercon
Dull Disasters Book PDF

Author : Daniel J. Clarke,Stefan Dercon
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 154 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2016-07-07
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780191088414

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Dull Disasters? by Daniel J. Clarke,Stefan Dercon Pdf

This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY 3.0 IGO licence. It is free to read at Oxford Scholarship Online and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations. In recent years, typhoons have struck the Philippines and Vanuatu; earthquakes have rocked Haiti, Pakistan, and Nepal; floods have swept through Pakistan and Mozambique; droughts have hit Ethiopia, Kenya, and Somalia; and more. All led to loss of life and loss of livelihoods, and recovery will take years. One of the likely effects of climate change is to increase the likelihood of the type of extreme weather events that seems to cause these disasters. But do extreme events have to turn into disasters with huge loss of life and suffering? Dull Disasters? harnesses lessons from finance, political science, economics, psychology, and the natural sciences to show how countries and their partners can be far better prepared to deal with disasters. The insights can lead to practical ways in which governments, civil society, private firms, and international organizations can work together to reduce the risks to people and economies when a disaster looms. Responses to disasters then become less emotional, less political, less headline-grabbing, and more business as usual and effective. The book takes the reader through a range of solutions that have been implemented around the world to respond to disasters. It gives an overview of the evidence on what works and what doesn't and it examines the crucial issue of disaster risk financing. Building on the latest evidence, it presents a set of lessons and principles to guide future thinking, research, and practice in this area.

Dull Disasters? How Planning Ahead Will Make a Difference

Stefan Dercon,Daniel J Clarke
Dull Disasters How Planning Ahead Will Make a Difference Book PDF

Author : Stefan Dercon,Daniel J Clarke
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 154 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2020-10-09
Category : Nature
ISBN : 1013286375

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Dull Disasters? How Planning Ahead Will Make a Difference by Stefan Dercon,Daniel J Clarke Pdf

Economic losses from disasters are now reaching an average of US$250-$300 billion a year. In the last 20 years, more than 530,000 people died as a direct result of extreme weather events; millions more were seriously injured. Most of the deaths and serious injuries were in developing countries. Meanwhile, highly infectious diseases will continue to emerge or re-emerge, and natural hazards will not disappear. But these extreme events do not need to turn into large-scale disasters. Better and faster responses are possible. The authors contend that even though there is much generosity in the world to support the responses to and recovery from natural disasters, the current funding model, based on mobilizing financial resources after disasters take place, is flawed and makes responses late, fragmented, unreliable, and poorly targeted, while providing poor incentives for preparedness or risk reduction. The way forward centres around reforming the funding model for disasters, moving towards plans with simple rules for early action and that are locked in before disasters through credible funding strategies-all while resisting the allure of post-disaster discretionary funding and the threat it poses for those seeking to ensure that disasters have a less severe impact. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.

Dull Disasters?

Daniel Jonathan Clarke,Stefan Dercon
Dull Disasters Book PDF

Author : Daniel Jonathan Clarke,Stefan Dercon
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 154 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9780198785576

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Dull Disasters? by Daniel Jonathan Clarke,Stefan Dercon Pdf

Economic losses from disasters are now reaching an average of US$250--$300 billion a year. In the last 20 years, more than 530,000 people died as a direct result of extreme weather events; millions more were seriously injured. Most of the deaths and serious injuries were in developing countries. Meanwhile, highly infectious diseases will continue to emerge or re-emerge, and natural hazards will not disappear. But these extreme events do not need to turn into large-scale disasters. Better and faster responses are possible. The authors contend that even though there is much generosity in the world to support the responses to and recovery from natural disasters, the current funding model, based on mobilizing financial resources after disasters take place, is flawed and makes responses late, fragmented, unreliable, and poorly targeted, while providing poor incentives for preparedness or risk reduction. The way forward centres around reforming the funding model for disasters, moving towards plans with simple rules for early action and that are locked in before disasters through credible funding strategies while resisting the allure of post-disaster discretionary funding and the threat it poses for those seeking to ensure that disasters have a less severe impact. -- Provided by publisher.

Dull Disasters?

Daniel Jonathan Clarke,Stefan Dercon
Dull Disasters Book PDF

Author : Daniel Jonathan Clarke,Stefan Dercon
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 139 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : Accident victims
ISBN : LCCN:2019666878

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Dull Disasters? by Daniel Jonathan Clarke,Stefan Dercon Pdf

Economic losses from disasters are now reaching an average of US$250--$300 billion a year. In the last 20 years, more than 530,000 people died as a direct result of extreme weather events; millions more were seriously injured. Most of the deaths and serious injuries were in developing countries. Meanwhile, highly infectious diseases will continue to emerge or re-emerge, and natural hazards will not disappear. But these extreme events do not need to turn into large-scale disasters. Better and faster responses are possible. The authors contend that even though there is much generosity in the world to support the responses to and recovery from natural disasters, the current funding model, based on mobilizing financial resources after disasters take place, is flawed and makes responses late, fragmented, unreliable, and poorly targeted, while providing poor incentives for preparedness or risk reduction. The way forward centres around reforming the funding model for disasters, moving towards plans with simple rules for early action and that are locked in before disasters through credible funding strategies while resisting the allure of post-disaster discretionary funding and the threat it poses for those seeking to ensure that disasters have a less severe impact. -- Provided by publisher.

How to Manage the Fiscal Costs of Natural Disasters

Mr.Serhan Cevik,Guohua Huang
How to Manage the Fiscal Costs of Natural Disasters Book PDF

Author : Mr.Serhan Cevik,Guohua Huang
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 18 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2018-06-11
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9781484359457

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How to Manage the Fiscal Costs of Natural Disasters by Mr.Serhan Cevik,Guohua Huang Pdf

This how-to note focuses on the management of the fiscal costs associated with natural disaster risks. Unlike other types of fiscal risks (for example, unexpected macroeconomic changes or materialization of contingent liabilities), a natural disaster presents a unique challenge to fiscal risk-management and budget processes because of its exogenous nature and potentially overwhelming scale. This note discusses how governments can build fiscal resilience against natural hazards and strengthen fiscal management after a disaster, including through budgeting frameworks and other fiscal policies. The note aims to answer three central questions: How large should fiscal buffers be? How should fiscal buffers be built up? How should fiscal buffers be used efficiently and transparently once a natural disaster has struck? These three questions directly relate to fiscal policy, fiscal risk management, and the budget process—all core areas of IMF expertise. To address them, the note focuses on fiscal strategies for financing recovery efforts and considers approaches to mitigate disaster impact. The note also provides guidance on how to conduct regular risk analyses of natural disasters’ potential fiscal consequences and outlines best practices for defining and accounting for the contingent liabilities associated with natural disasters in budgeting frameworks. Finally, the note touches on approaches for risk reduction, disaster risk financing strategies, and risk transfer mechanisms, such as various insurance instruments.

The Macro-Fiscal Aftermath of Weather-Related Disasters: Do Loss Dimensions Matter?

Mrs.Kerstin Gerling
The Macro Fiscal Aftermath of Weather Related Disasters Do Loss Dimensions Matter Book PDF

Author : Mrs.Kerstin Gerling
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 32 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2017-11-07
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781484328675

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The Macro-Fiscal Aftermath of Weather-Related Disasters: Do Loss Dimensions Matter? by Mrs.Kerstin Gerling Pdf

Weather-related natural disasters and climate change pose interrelated macro-fiscal challenges. Using panel-VARX studies for a sample of 19 countries in Developing Asia during 1970 to 2015, this paper contributes new empirical evidence on the dynamic adjustment path of growth and key fiscal variables after severe weather-related disasters. It does not only show that output loss can be permanent, but even twice as large for cases of severe casualties or material damages than people affected. Meanwhile, key fiscal aggregates remain surprisingly stable. Event and case studies suggest that this can reflect both a deliberate policy choice or binding constraints. The latter can make governments respond through mitigating fiscal policy efforts such as ad hoc fiscal rebalancing and reprioritization. The findings help better customize disaster preparedness and mitigation efforts to countries’ risk exposure along a particular loss dimension.

Small States Resilience to Natural Disasters and Climate Change - Role for the IMF

International Monetary Fund
Small States Resilience to Natural Disasters and Climate Change Role for the IMF Book PDF

Author : International Monetary Fund
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 99 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2016-07-11
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9781498345095

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Small States Resilience to Natural Disasters and Climate Change - Role for the IMF by International Monetary Fund Pdf

Small developing states are disproportionately vulnerable to natural disasters. On average, the annual cost of disasters for small states is nearly 2 percent of GDP—more than four times that for larger countries. This reflects a higher frequency of disasters, adjusted for land area, as well as greater vulnerability to severe disasters. About 9 percent of disasters in small states involve damage of more than 30 percent of GDP, compared to less than 1 percent for larger states. Greater exposure to disasters has important macroeconomic effects on small states, resulting in lower investment, lower GDP per capita, higher poverty, and a more volatile revenue base.

Governance, Risk and Financial Impact of Mega Disasters

Akiko Kamesaka,Franz Waldenberger
Governance Risk and Financial Impact of Mega Disasters Book PDF

Author : Akiko Kamesaka,Franz Waldenberger
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 124 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2019-11-23
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9789811390050

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Governance, Risk and Financial Impact of Mega Disasters by Akiko Kamesaka,Franz Waldenberger Pdf

This book addresses researchers, practitioners, and policy makers interested in understanding the financial implications of mega-disaster risks as well as in seeking possible solutions with regard to governance, the allocation of financial risk, and resilience. The first part of this book takes the example of Japan and studies the impact of mega earthquakes on government finance, debt positions of private household and businesses, capital markets, and investor behavior by way of economic modeling as well as case studies from recent major disasters. In Japan, the probability of a mega earthquake hitting dense agglomerations is very high. Like other large-scale natural disasters, such events carry systemic risks, i.e., they can trigger disruptions endangering the stability of the social, economic, and political order. The second part looks at the experience of the Japanese government as a provider of disaster-risk finance and an active partner in international collaboration. It concludes with an analysis of the general characteristics of systemic risk and approaches to improve resilience.

Handbook on the Economics of Disasters

Skidmore, Mark
Handbook on the Economics of Disasters Book PDF

Author : Skidmore, Mark
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
Page : 515 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2022-10-13
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781839103735

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Handbook on the Economics of Disasters by Skidmore, Mark Pdf

Evaluating the myriad dimensions of how disasters can affect economic activity and decision-making, this cutting-edge Handbook presents a timely analysis of the conditions that reduce or exacerbate disaster impacts. Addressing developments in research on disaster economics, internationally recognized scholars combine theoretical considerations with empirical methods to expand and improve the field of disaster mitigation.

Disaster Insurance Reimagined

Paula Jarzabkowski,Paula (Professor of Strategic Management Jarzabkowski, Professor of Strategic Management University of Queensland and City University of London),Konstantinos Chalkias,Konstantinos (Senior Lecturer in Management Chalkias, Senior Lecturer in Management Birkbeck University of London),Eugenia (Senior Lecturer in Management Cacciatori, Bayes Business School Senior Lecturer in Management Bayes Business School City University of London),Senior Lecturer in Management Bayes Business School Eugenia Cacciatori,Rebecca Bednarek,Rebecca (Associate Professor Bednarek, Associate Professor Victoria University Wellington)
Disaster Insurance Reimagined Book PDF

Author : Paula Jarzabkowski,Paula (Professor of Strategic Management Jarzabkowski, Professor of Strategic Management University of Queensland and City University of London),Konstantinos Chalkias,Konstantinos (Senior Lecturer in Management Chalkias, Senior Lecturer in Management Birkbeck University of London),Eugenia (Senior Lecturer in Management Cacciatori, Bayes Business School Senior Lecturer in Management Bayes Business School City University of London),Senior Lecturer in Management Bayes Business School Eugenia Cacciatori,Rebecca Bednarek,Rebecca (Associate Professor Bednarek, Associate Professor Victoria University Wellington)
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 177 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2023-08
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9780192865168

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Disaster Insurance Reimagined by Paula Jarzabkowski,Paula (Professor of Strategic Management Jarzabkowski, Professor of Strategic Management University of Queensland and City University of London),Konstantinos Chalkias,Konstantinos (Senior Lecturer in Management Chalkias, Senior Lecturer in Management Birkbeck University of London),Eugenia (Senior Lecturer in Management Cacciatori, Bayes Business School Senior Lecturer in Management Bayes Business School City University of London),Senior Lecturer in Management Bayes Business School Eugenia Cacciatori,Rebecca Bednarek,Rebecca (Associate Professor Bednarek, Associate Professor Victoria University Wellington) Pdf

This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International licence. It is free to read at Oxford Academic and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations. This book examines the growing role and importance of 'Protection Gap Entities' (PGEs), not-for-profit entities providing insurance protection that would otherwise be unavailable within a purely private sector context. Around the world, PGEs and the insurance instruments they use are becoming increasingly crucial in making sure that funds are available to rebuild after disasters. These PGEs, typically developed as collaborations between governments and the insurance industry, enable insurance to continue at a time when climate change, urbanization, global interdependence, and geo-political instability are making disaster insurance increasingly expensive or unavailable. Given their growing importance, understanding the role of PGEs in both insurance protection and their potential to create a more resilient society is critical. Disaster Insurance Reimagined uses practical examples from different countries to explain how PGEs step in to maintain disaster insurance and how their work can, but does not always, improve financial and physical resilience to disaster. Drawing on 5 years of research into 17 entities that provide insurance cover in 49 countries, the authors examine the strengths, limitations, and evolution of PGEs in providing disaster protection in the face of a growing insurance crisis. They provide an accessible discussion of disaster insurance, its complexities, and the transformation it needs to undergo in order to remain relevant and to contribute to meaningful disaster protection. PGEs and their work offer a path to re-imagining disaster insurance as a key tool in an ecosystem that has societal protection from disaster at its heart.

Disaster-Resilient Infrastructure

Asian Development Bank
Disaster Resilient Infrastructure Book PDF

Author : Asian Development Bank
Publisher : Asian Development Bank
Page : 171 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2022-04-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9789292694906

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Disaster-Resilient Infrastructure by Asian Development Bank Pdf

Infrastructure has played a critical role in Asia and the Pacific’s rapid economic growth. Roads, bridges, and power networks, among other assets, are part of people’s daily lives, and a foundation for their economic opportunity. But increasing disaster risks and climate change is forcing us to rethink how we manage infrastructure. This publication identifies opportunities to deliver resilient infrastructure across developing Asia. It takes a holistic view of practices that affect infrastructure resilience, including risk assessment, investment appraisal, and operation and maintenance across the life cycle of an asset, as well as overarching approaches to achieving system-wide resilience, financing, and governance objectives.

Strengthening the Disaster Resilience of the Academic Biomedical Research Community

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Health and Medicine Division,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Board on Earth Sciences and Resources,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Strengthening the Disaster Resilience of Academic Research Communities
Strengthening the Disaster Resilience of the Academic Biomedical Research Community Book PDF

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Health and Medicine Division,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Board on Earth Sciences and Resources,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Strengthening the Disaster Resilience of Academic Research Communities
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 451 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2017-11-20
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780309462495

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Strengthening the Disaster Resilience of the Academic Biomedical Research Community by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Health and Medicine Division,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Board on Earth Sciences and Resources,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Strengthening the Disaster Resilience of Academic Research Communities Pdf

The academic biomedical research community is a hub of employment, economic productivity, and scientific progress. Academic research institutions are drivers of economic development in their local and state economies and, by extension, the national economy. Beyond the economic input that the academic biomedical research community both receives and provides, it generates knowledge that in turn affects society in myriad ways. The United States has experienced and continues to face the threat of disasters, and, like all entities, the academic biomedical research community can be affected. Recent disasters, from hurricanes to cyber-attacks, and their consequences have shown that the investments of the federal government and of the many other entities that sponsor academic research are not uniformly secure. First and foremost, events that damage biomedical laboratories and the institutions that house them can have impacts on the safety and well-being of humans and research animals. Furthermore, disasters can affect career trajectories, scientific progress, and financial stability at the individual and institutional levels. Strengthening the Disaster Resilience of the Academic Biomedical Research Community offers recommendations and guidance to enhance the disaster resilience of the academic biomedical research community, with a special focus on the potential actions researchers, academic research institutions, and research sponsors can take to mitigate the impact of future disasters.

Climate Resilient Fiscal Planning

Asian Development Bank
Climate Resilient Fiscal Planning Book PDF

Author : Asian Development Bank
Publisher : Asian Development Bank
Page : 149 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2023-11-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9789292704766

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Climate Resilient Fiscal Planning by Asian Development Bank Pdf

This report shows how adopting good practices around climate-resilient fiscal planning can help decision-makers in Asia and the Pacific ramp up public and private resources to plug the yawning adaptation financing gap. Outlining a three-step framework, the report explains the need to effectively assess the rising impacts of climate change, develop a fiscal risk management strategy, and optimize available resources. It underscores why coherent action hinges on a solid understanding of the impacts of climate change and how central finance agencies can better integrate climate risk into decision-making to lead the drive towards economic resilience.

Realizing the Full Potential of Social Safety Nets in Africa

Kathleen Beegle,Aline Coudouel,Emma Monsalve
Realizing the Full Potential of Social Safety Nets in Africa Book PDF

Author : Kathleen Beegle,Aline Coudouel,Emma Monsalve
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 418 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2018-07-02
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781464811661

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Realizing the Full Potential of Social Safety Nets in Africa by Kathleen Beegle,Aline Coudouel,Emma Monsalve Pdf

Poverty remains a pervasive and complex phenomenon in Sub-Saharan Africa. Part of the agenda in recent years to tackle poverty in Africa has been the launching of social safety nets programs. All countries have now deployed safety net interventions as part of their core development programs. The number of programs has skyrocketed since the mid-2000s though many programs remain limited in size. This shift in social policy reflects the progressive evolution in the understanding of the role that social safety nets can play in the fight against poverty and vulnerability, and more generally in the human capital and growth agenda. Evidence on their impacts on equity, resilience, and opportunity is growing, and makes a foundational case for investments in safety nets as a major component of national development plans. For this potential to be realized, however, safety net programs need to be significantly scaled-up. Such scaling up will involve a series of technical considerations to identify the parameters, tools, and processes that can deliver maximum benefits to the poor and vulnerable. However, in addition to technical considerations, and at least as importantly, this report argues that a series of decisive shifts need to occur in three other critical spheres: political, institutional, and fiscal. First, the political processes that shape the extent and nature of social policy need to be recognized, by stimulating political appetite for safety nets, choosing politically smart parameters, and harnessing the political impacts of safety nets to promote their sustainability. Second, the anchoring of safety net programs in institutional arrangements †“ related to the overarching policy framework for safety nets, the functions of policy and coordination, as well as program management and implementation †“ is particularly important as programs expand and are increasingly implemented through national channels. And third, in most countries, the level and predictability of resources devoted to the sector needs to increase for safety nets to reach the desired scale, through increased efficiency, increased volumes and new sources of financing, and greater ability to effectively respond to shocks. This report highlights the implications which political, institutional, and fiscal aspects have for the choice and design of programs. Fundamentally, it argues that these considerations are critical to ensure the successful scaling-up of social safety nets in Africa, and that ignoring them could lead to technically-sound, but practically impossible, choices and designs.

Seychelles

International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Seychelles Book PDF

Author : International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 52 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2017-06-20
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781484304792

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Seychelles by International Monetary Fund. African Dept. Pdf

This Selected Issues paper discusses measures to enhance resilience to climate and natural disasters in Seychelles. Rising sea levels, changing rainfall patterns, increasingly intense and frequent tropical cyclones, and massive coral bleaching are compounding economic and social risks in Seychelles. A policy mix focused on combining adaptation and mitigation strategies is ideal for Seychelles. Such policies should not only be aligned with Seychelles’ Nationally Determined Contribution, but also with the technical and financial capacity of the government. Experience from other small states suggests that small policy changes can still have a significant impact. To the extent adaptation and mitigation measures are inadequate, insurance policies and innovative financial instruments need to be exploited further.