Dynamic Programming Of Economic Decisions

Author : Martin F. Bach
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 155 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2013-11-11
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9783642864490

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Dynamic Programming of Economic Decisions by Martin F. Bach Pdf

Dynamic Programming is the analysis of multistage decision in the sequential mode. It is now widely recognized as a tool of great versatility and power, and is applied to an increasing extent in all phases of economic analysis, operations research, technology, and also in mathematical theory itself. In economics and operations research its impact may someday rival that of linear programming. The importance of this field is made apparent through a growing number of publications. Foremost among these is the pioneering work of Bellman. It was he who originated the basic ideas, formulated the principle of optimality, recognized its power, coined the terminology, and developed many of the present applications. Since then mathe maticians, statisticians, operations researchers, and economists have come in, laying more rigorous foundations [KARLIN, BLACKWELL], and developing in depth such application as to the control of stochastic processes [HoWARD, JEWELL]. The field of inventory control has almost split off as an independent branch of Dynamic Programming on which a great deal of effort has been expended [ARRoW, KARLIN, SCARF], [WIDTIN] , [WAGNER]. Dynamic Programming is also playing an in creasing role in modem mathematical control theory [BELLMAN, Adap tive Control Processes (1961)]. Some of the most exciting work is going on in adaptive programming which is closely related to sequential statistical analysis, particularly in its Bayesian form. In this monograph the reader is introduced to the basic ideas of Dynamic Programming.

Author : Martin J. Beckmann
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 164 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 1968
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : STANFORD:20502703013

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Dynamic Programming of Economic Decisions by Martin J. Beckmann Pdf

Textbook on dynamic programming as methodology of operational research and decision making - covers theoretical aspects, mathematical and research methodology, etc. Bibliographys.

Author : Robert E. Hall
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 152 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2010-02-08
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781400835263

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Forward-Looking Decision Making by Robert E. Hall Pdf

Individuals and families make key decisions that impact many aspects of financial stability and determine the future of the economy. These decisions involve balancing current sacrifice against future benefits. People have to decide how much to invest in health care, exercise, their diet, and insurance. They must decide how much debt to take on, and how much to save. And they make choices about jobs that determine employment and unemployment levels. Forward-Looking Decision Making is about modeling this individual or family-based decision making using an optimizing dynamic programming model. Robert Hall first reviews ideas about dynamic programs and introduces new ideas about numerical solutions and the representation of solved models as Markov processes. He surveys recent research on the parameters of preferences--the intertemporal elasticity of substitution, the Frisch elasticity of labor supply, and the Frisch cross-elasticity. He then examines dynamic programming models applied to health spending, long-term care insurance, employment, entrepreneurial risk-taking, and consumer debt. Linking theory with data and applying them to real-world problems, Forward-Looking Decision Making uses dynamic optimization programming models to shed light on individual behaviors and their economic implications.

Author : Joachim Winter
Publisher : Physica
Page : 186 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2012-02-16
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 3642998046

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Investment and Exit Decisions at the Plant Level by Joachim Winter Pdf

Author : C. Robert Taylor
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 212 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2019-08-30
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780429703089

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Applications Of Dynamic Programming To Agricultural Decision Problems by C. Robert Taylor Pdf

A collection of articles which provide examples that demonstrate the application of dynamic programming to a wide variety of decision problems in agriculture.

Author : John O.S. Kennedy
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 343 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789400941915

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Dynamic Programming by John O.S. Kennedy Pdf

Humans interact with and are part of the mysterious processes of nature. Inevitably they have to discover how to manage the environment for their long-term survival and benefit. To do this successfully means learning something about the dynamics of natural processes, and then using the knowledge to work with the forces of nature for some desired outcome. These are intriguing and challenging tasks. This book describes a technique which has much to offer in attempting to achieve the latter task. A knowledge of dynamic programming is useful for anyone interested in the optimal management of agricultural and natural resources for two reasons. First, resource management problems are often problems of dynamic optimization. The dynamic programming approach offers insights into the economics of dynamic optimization which can be explained much more simply than can other approaches. Conditions for the optimal management of a resource can be derived using the logic of dynamic programming, taking as a starting point the usual economic definition of the value of a resource which is optimally managed through time. This is set out in Chapter I for a general resource problem with the minimum of mathematics. The results are related to the discrete maximum principle of control theory. In subsequent chapters dynamic programming arguments are used to derive optimality conditions for particular resources.

Author : Jerome Adda,Russell W. Cooper
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 297 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2023-05-09
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780262547888

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Dynamic Economics by Jerome Adda,Russell W. Cooper Pdf

An integrated approach to the empirical application of dynamic optimization programming models, for students and researchers. This book is an effective, concise text for students and researchers that combines the tools of dynamic programming with numerical techniques and simulation-based econometric methods. Doing so, it bridges the traditional gap between theoretical and empirical research and offers an integrated framework for studying applied problems in macroeconomics and microeconomics. In part I the authors first review the formal theory of dynamic optimization; they then present the numerical tools and econometric techniques necessary to evaluate the theoretical models. In language accessible to a reader with a limited background in econometrics, they explain most of the methods used in applied dynamic research today, from the estimation of probability in a coin flip to a complicated nonlinear stochastic structural model. These econometric techniques provide the final link between the dynamic programming problem and data. Part II is devoted to the application of dynamic programming to specific areas of applied economics, including the study of business cycles, consumption, and investment behavior. In each instance the authors present the specific optimization problem as a dynamic programming problem, characterize the optimal policy functions, estimate the parameters, and use models for policy evaluation. The original contribution of Dynamic Economics: Quantitative Methods and Applications lies in the integrated approach to the empirical application of dynamic optimization programming models. This integration shows that empirical applications actually complement the underlying theory of optimization, while dynamic programming problems provide needed structure for estimation and policy evaluation.

Author : Jonas Ekblom
Publisher : Linköping University Electronic Press
Page : 36 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2018-09-13
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789176852026

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Decision Making under Uncertainty in Financial Markets by Jonas Ekblom Pdf

This thesis addresses the topic of decision making under uncertainty, with particular focus on financial markets. The aim of this research is to support improved decisions in practice, and related to this, to advance our understanding of financial markets. Stochastic optimization provides the tools to determine optimal decisions in uncertain environments, and the optimality conditions of these models produce insights into how financial markets work. To be more concrete, a great deal of financial theory is based on optimality conditions derived from stochastic optimization models. Therefore, an important part of the development of financial theory is to study stochastic optimization models that step-by-step better capture the essence of reality. This is the motivation behind the focus of this thesis, which is to study methods that in relation to prevailing models that underlie financial theory allow additional real-world complexities to be properly modeled. The overall purpose of this thesis is to develop and evaluate stochastic optimization models that support improved decisions under uncertainty on financial markets. The research into stochastic optimization in financial literature has traditionally focused on problem formulations that allow closed-form or `exact' numerical solutions; typically through the application of dynamic programming or optimal control. The focus in this thesis is on two other optimization methods, namely stochastic programming and approximate dynamic programming, which open up opportunities to study new classes of financial problems. More specifically, these optimization methods allow additional and important aspects of many real-world problems to be captured. This thesis contributes with several insights that are relevant for both financial and stochastic optimization literature. First, we show that the modeling of several real-world aspects traditionally not considered in the literature are important components in a model which supports corporate hedging decisions. Specifically, we document the importance of modeling term premia, a rich asset universe and transaction costs. Secondly, we provide two methodological contributions to the stochastic programming literature by: (i) highlighting the challenges of realizing improved decisions through more stages in stochastic programming models; and (ii) developing an importance sampling method that can be used to produce high solution quality with few scenarios. Finally, we design an approximate dynamic programming model that gives close to optimal solutions to the classic, and thus far unsolved, portfolio choice problem with constant relative risk aversion preferences and transaction costs, given many risky assets and a large number of time periods.

Author : Moshe Sniedovich
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 438 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 1991-10-31
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0824782453

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Dynamic Programming by Moshe Sniedovich Pdf

Portrays dynamic programming as a methodology, identifying its constituent components, and explaining how it approaches problems and tackles them. Does not consider it as a practical tool, nor how it might address any actual situations in the real world. Assumes calculus, set theory, and some optimi

Author : J. Kozesnik
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 577 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789401099103

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Transactions of the Seventh Prague Conference on Information Theory, Statistical Decision Functions, Random Processes and of the 1974 European Meeting of Statisticians by J. Kozesnik Pdf

The Prague Conferences on Information Theory, Statistical Decision Functions, and Random Processes have been organized every three years since 1956. During the eighteen years of their existence the Prague Conferences developed from a platform for presenting results obtained by a small group of researchers into a probabilistic congress, this being documented by the increasing number of participants as well as of presented papers. The importance of the Seventh Prague Conference has been emphasized by the fact that this Conference was held jointly with the eighth European Meeting of Statisticians. This joint meeting was held from August 18 to 23, 1974 at the Technical University of Prague. The Conference was organized by the Institute of Information Theory and Automation of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences and was sponsored by the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, by the Committee for the European Region of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics, and by the International As sociation for Statistics in Physical Sciences. More than 300 specialists from 25 countries participated in the Conference. In 57 sessions 164 papers (including 17 invited papers) were read, 128 of which are published in the present two volumes of the Transactions of the Conference. Volume A includes papers related mainly to probability theory and stochastic processes, whereas the papers of Volume B concern mainly statistics and information theory.

Author : D. Wendt,C.A. Vlek
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 408 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9789401018340

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Utility, Probability, and Human Decision Making by D. Wendt,C.A. Vlek Pdf

Human decision making involves problems which are being studied with increasing interest and sophistication. They range from controversial political decisions via individual consumer decisions to such simple tasks as signal discriminations. Although it would seem that decisions have to do with choices among available actions of any kind, there is general agreement that decision making research should pertain to choice prob lems which cannot be solved without a predecisional stage of finding choice alternatives, weighing evidence, and judging values. The ultimate objective of scientific research on decision making is two-fold: (a) to develop a theoretically sound technology for the optimal solution of decision problems, and (b) to formulate a descriptive theory of human decision making. The latter may, in tum, protect decision makers from being caught in the traps of their own limitations and biases. Recently, in decision making research the strong emphasis on well defined laboratory tasks is decreasing in favour of more realistic studies in various practical settings. This may well have been caused by a growing awareness of the fact that decision-behaviour is strongly determined by situational factors, which makes it necessary to look into processes of interaction between the decision maker and the relevant task environ ment. Almost inevitably there is a parallel shift of interest towards problems of utility measurement and the evaluation of consequences.

Author : Oskar Lange
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 302 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2014-05-17
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781483148960

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Optimal Decisions by Oskar Lange Pdf

Optimal Decisions: Principles of Programming deals with all important problems related to programming. This book provides a general interpretation of the theory of programming based on the application of the Lagrange multipliers, followed by a presentation of the marginal and linear programming as special cases of this general theory. The praxeological interpretation of the method of Lagrange multipliers is also discussed. This text covers the Koopmans' model of transportation, geometric interpretation of the programming problem, and nature of activity analysis. The solution of the problem by marginal analysis, Hurwitz and the Bayes-Laplace principles, and planning of production under uncertainty are likewise deliberated. This publication is a good source for researchers and specialists intending to acquire knowledge of the principles of programming.

Author : A. Kaufmann,R. Cruon
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 297 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2011-10-14
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780080955445

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Dynamic Programming by A. Kaufmann,R. Cruon Pdf

This work discusses the value of dynamic programming as a method of optimization for the sequential phenomena encountered in economic studies or in advanced technological programs such as those associated with space flights. The dynamic programs which are considered are defined for a deterministic universe, or one with probabilities; both categories are of equal importance in the practice of operations research or of scientific management.

Author : Karl Hinderer,Ulrich Rieder,Michael Stieglitz
Publisher : Springer
Page : 530 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2017-01-12
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9783319488141

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Dynamic Optimization by Karl Hinderer,Ulrich Rieder,Michael Stieglitz Pdf

This book explores discrete-time dynamic optimization and provides a detailed introduction to both deterministic and stochastic models. Covering problems with finite and infinite horizon, as well as Markov renewal programs, Bayesian control models and partially observable processes, the book focuses on the precise modelling of applications in a variety of areas, including operations research, computer science, mathematics, statistics, engineering, economics and finance. Dynamic Optimization is a carefully presented textbook which starts with discrete-time deterministic dynamic optimization problems, providing readers with the tools for sequential decision-making, before proceeding to the more complicated stochastic models. The authors present complete and simple proofs and illustrate the main results with numerous examples and exercises (without solutions). With relevant material covered in four appendices, this book is completely self-contained.

Author : Bent Jesper Christensen,Nicholas M. Kiefer
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 508 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0691120595

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Economic Modeling and Inference by Bent Jesper Christensen,Nicholas M. Kiefer Pdf

Economic Modeling and Inference takes econometrics to a new level by demonstrating how to combine modern economic theory with the latest statistical inference methods to get the most out of economic data. This graduate-level textbook draws applications from both microeconomics and macroeconomics, paying special attention to financial and labor economics, with an emphasis throughout on what observations can tell us about stochastic dynamic models of rational optimizing behavior and equilibrium. Bent Jesper Christensen and Nicholas Kiefer show how parameters often thought estimable in applications are not identified even in simple dynamic programming models, and they investigate the roles of extensions, including measurement error, imperfect control, and random utility shocks for inference. When all implications of optimization and equilibrium are imposed in the empirical procedures, the resulting estimation problems are often nonstandard, with the estimators exhibiting nonregular asymptotic behavior such as short-ranked covariance, superconsistency, and non-Gaussianity. Christensen and Kiefer explore these properties in detail, covering areas including job search models of the labor market, asset pricing, option pricing, marketing, and retirement planning. Ideal for researchers and practitioners as well as students, Economic Modeling and Inference uses real-world data to illustrate how to derive the best results using a combination of theory and cutting-edge econometric techniques. Covers identification and estimation of dynamic programming models Treats sources of error--measurement error, random utility, and imperfect control Features financial applications including asset pricing, option pricing, and optimal hedging Describes labor applications including job search, equilibrium search, and retirement Illustrates the wide applicability of the approach using micro, macro, and marketing examples