Early Exploration Of The Moon

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Early Exploration of the Moon

Tom Lund
Early Exploration of the Moon Book PDF

Author : Tom Lund
Publisher : Springer
Page : 391 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2018-12-26
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783030020712

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Early Exploration of the Moon by Tom Lund Pdf

Luna 2, launched by the USSR in 1959, was the first spacecraft from Earth to land on the moon. That first voyage was followed by increasingly capable lunar exploration spacecraft from Russia and the United States. A total of 36 successful lunar exploration missions were conducted from 1959 to the last Apollo manned exploration in 1972 and the final travels of the Lunokhod lunar rover in 1973. Of all the missions, that of Apollo 17 was the pinnacle of manned space exploration. Apollo 17 astronauts traveled 21 miles on the lunar surface in a dune buggy-type vehicle, stopping frequently to explore and gather samples. The spacecraft that enabled lunar exploration were ingenious, and reflected the best efforts of talented people working with the technology of the day. This book showcases the engineering involved in those incredible machines. The spacecraft covered, and their missions, are listed below. From the United States: • Ranger – Photography en route to lunar impact • Lunar Orbiter – Photography of front and back side of moon • Surveyor – Soft landing, photography, and soil analysis • Apollo – Manned exploration. Lunar Rover expanded range From the USSR: • Luna 2 – Photography en route to lunar impact • Luna 3 – Photography of back side of moon on flyby • Luna 9 and 13 – Soft landing, photography, and soil analysis • Luna 10, 11, 12, 14 – Photography from lunar orbit • Luna 16, 20, 24 – Soft landing, return of soil sample to Earth • Lunokhod-1, -2 – Lunar roving vehicle driven from Earth • L1 – Planned manned lunar flyby but only flew unmanned • L3 – Planned manned lunar landing but never flew to moon To tell the story of these spacecraft, Tom Lund draws on over 40 years’ work on aircraft and spacecraft systems. He was technical lead for the landing radars for the Surveyor and Apollo spacecraft, and his practical experience is augmented by master’s degrees in electrical engineering, physics, and business administration.

The Scientific Context for Exploration of the Moon

National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Space Studies Board,Committee on the Scientific Context for Exploration of the Moon
The Scientific Context for Exploration of the Moon Book PDF

Author : National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Space Studies Board,Committee on the Scientific Context for Exploration of the Moon
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 120 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2007-07-03
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309185769

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The Scientific Context for Exploration of the Moon by National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Space Studies Board,Committee on the Scientific Context for Exploration of the Moon Pdf

Because of the Moon's unique place in the evolution of rocky worlds, it is a prime focus of NASA's space exploration vision. Currently NASA is defining and implementing a series of robotic orbital and landed missions to the Moon as the initial phase of this vision. To realize the benefits of this activity, NASA needs a comprehensive, well-validated, and prioritized set of scientific research objectives. To help establish those objectives, NASA asked the NRC to provide guidance on the scientific challenges and opportunities enabled by sustained robotic and human exploration of the Moon during the period 2008-2023 and beyond. This final report presents a review of the current understanding of the early earth and moon; the identification of key science concepts and goals for moon exploration; an assessment of implementation options; and a set of prioritized lunar science concepts, goals, and recommendations. An interim report was released in September 2006.

The Moon

David Schrunk,Burton Sharpe,Bonnie L. Cooper,Madhu Thangavelu
The Moon Book PDF

Author : David Schrunk,Burton Sharpe,Bonnie L. Cooper,Madhu Thangavelu
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 261 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2007-11-27
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780387739823

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The Moon by David Schrunk,Burton Sharpe,Bonnie L. Cooper,Madhu Thangavelu Pdf

This extraordinary book details how the Moon could be used as a springboard for Solar System exploration. It presents a realistic plan for placing and servicing telescopes on the Moon, and highlights the use of the Moon as a base for an early warning system from which to combat threats of near-Earth objects. A realistic vision of human development and settlement of the Moon over the next one hundred years is presented, and the author explains how global living standards for the Earth can be enhanced through the use of lunar-based generated solar power. From that beginning, the people of the Earth would evolve into a spacefaring civilisation.

The Moon

Oliver Morton,The Economist
The Moon Book PDF

Author : Oliver Morton,The Economist
Publisher : The Economist
Page : 352 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2019-06-04
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781541768062

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The Moon by Oliver Morton,The Economist Pdf

An intimate portrait of the Earth's closest neighbor--the Moon--that explores the history and future of humankind's relationship with it Every generation has looked towards the heavens and wondered at the beauty of the Moon. Fifty years ago, a few Americans became the first to do the reverse--and shared with Earth-bound audiences the view of their own planet hanging in the sky instead. Recently, the connection has been discovered to be even closer: a fragment of the Earth's surface was found embedded in a rock brought back from the Moon. And astronauts are preparing to return to the surface of the Moon after a half-century hiatus--this time to the dark side. Oliver Morton explores how the ways we have looked at the Moon have shaped our perceptions of the Earth: from the controversies of early astronomers such as van Eyck and Galileo, to the Cold War space race, to the potential use of the Moon as a stepping stone for further space exploration. Advanced technologies, new ambitions, and old dreams mean that men, women, and robots now seem certain to return to the Moon. For some, it is a future on which humankind has turned its back for too long. For others, an adventure yet to begin.

Apollo in the Age of Aquarius

Neil M. Maher
Apollo in the Age of Aquarius Book PDF

Author : Neil M. Maher
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 368 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2017-03-27
Category : History
ISBN : 9780674977822

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Apollo in the Age of Aquarius by Neil M. Maher Pdf

In summer 1969, astronauts landed on the moon and hippie hordes descended on Woodstock—two era-defining events that are not entirely coincidental. Neil M. Maher shows how NASA’s celestial aspirations were tethered to terrestrial concerns of the time: the civil rights struggle, the antiwar movement, environmentalism, feminism, and the culture wars.

Soviet and Russian Lunar Exploration

Brian Harvey
Soviet and Russian Lunar Exploration Book PDF

Author : Brian Harvey
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 331 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2007-08-17
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780387739762

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Soviet and Russian Lunar Exploration by Brian Harvey Pdf

This book tells the story of the Soviet and Russian lunar programme, from its origins to the present-day federal Russian space programme. Brian Harvey describes the techniques devised by the USSR for lunar landing, from the LK lunar module to the LOK lunar orbiter and versions tested in Earth’s orbit. He asks whether these systems would have worked and examines how well they were tested. He concludes that political mismanagement rather than technology prevented the Soviet Union from landing cosmonauts on the moon. The book is well timed for the return to the moon by the United States and the first missions there by China and India.

Lunar Sourcebook

Grant Heiken,David Vaniman,Bevan M. French
Lunar Sourcebook Book PDF

Author : Grant Heiken,David Vaniman,Bevan M. French
Publisher : CUP Archive
Page : 796 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 1991-04-26
Category : Science
ISBN : 0521334446

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Lunar Sourcebook by Grant Heiken,David Vaniman,Bevan M. French Pdf

The only work to date to collect data gathered during the American and Soviet missions in an accessible and complete reference of current scientific and technical information about the Moon.

The Impact of Lunar Dust on Human Exploration

Joel S. Levine
The Impact of Lunar Dust on Human Exploration Book PDF

Author : Joel S. Levine
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Page : 303 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2021-01-12
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781527564428

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The Impact of Lunar Dust on Human Exploration by Joel S. Levine Pdf

When the Apollo 11 astronauts landed on the Moon on July 20, 1969, they made a very important discovery. During their landing on the surface of the Moon, the exhaust gases released from the Lunar Module landing rockets caused large amounts of surface dust to move into the thin lunar atmosphere, causing obscuration of the lunar surface. Once they landed, they found that the surface of the Moon was covered with several inches of very fine, tiny particles composed of sharp, glassy material. The lunar dust stuck to everything it came in contact with, and, once on the lunar surface, the dust eroded their spacesuits, caused overheating on equipment and instrumentation, compromised seals on their spacesuits and on lunar sample collecting boxes, irritated their eyes and lungs, and generally coated everything very efficiently. On the return to Earth in the Apollo Command Module, lunar dust inadvertently brought aboard floated freely in their cabin causing problems. Now, 50 years later, humans will return to the Moon in the Artemis Program, as early as 2024. This book summarizes what we know about lunar dust, its structure and chemical composition, its impact on human health, and how to reduce/mitigate its effects on future human exploration. The four dozen contributors to the 14 chapters in the book are planetary scientists, engineers, mission planners, medical researchers and physicians from NASA and the European Space Agency (ESA), as well as universities and industry from the United States, Australia, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal and Sweden.

The Scientific Context for Exploration of the Moon

National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Space Studies Board,Committee on the Scientific Context for Exploration of the Moon
The Scientific Context for Exploration of the Moon Book PDF

Author : National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Space Studies Board,Committee on the Scientific Context for Exploration of the Moon
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 50 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2006-09-19
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309181075

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The Scientific Context for Exploration of the Moon by National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Space Studies Board,Committee on the Scientific Context for Exploration of the Moon Pdf

Because of the Moon's unique place in the evolution of rocky worlds, it is a prime focus of NASA's space exploration vision. Currently NASA is defining and implementing a series of robotic orbital and landed missions to the Moon as the initial phase of this vision. To realize the benefits of this activity, NASA needs a comprehensive, well-validated, and prioritized set of scientific research objectives. To help establish those objective, NASA asked the NRC to provide guidance on the scientific challenges and opportunities enabled by sustained robotic and human exploration of the Moon during the period 2008-2013+. This interim report, which focuses on science of the Moon, presents a number of scientific themes describing broad scientific goals important for lunar research, discussions of how best to reach these goals, a set of three priority areas that follow from the themes, and recommendations for these priorities and related areas. A final report will follow in the summer of 2007.

The Scientific Context for Exploration of the Moon

National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Space Studies Board,Committee on the Scientific Context for Exploration of the Moon
The Scientific Context for Exploration of the Moon Book PDF

Author : National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Space Studies Board,Committee on the Scientific Context for Exploration of the Moon
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 50 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2006-09-19
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309103299

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The Scientific Context for Exploration of the Moon by National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Space Studies Board,Committee on the Scientific Context for Exploration of the Moon Pdf

Because of the Moon's unique place in the evolution of rocky worlds, it is a prime focus of NASA's space exploration vision. Currently NASA is defining and implementing a series of robotic orbital and landed missions to the Moon as the initial phase of this vision. To realize the benefits of this activity, NASA needs a comprehensive, well-validated, and prioritized set of scientific research objectives. To help establish those objective, NASA asked the NRC to provide guidance on the scientific challenges and opportunities enabled by sustained robotic and human exploration of the Moon during the period 2008-2013+. This interim report, which focuses on science of the Moon, presents a number of scientific themes describing broad scientific goals important for lunar research, discussions of how best to reach these goals, a set of three priority areas that follow from the themes, and recommendations for these priorities and related areas. A final report will follow in the summer of 2007.

The First Men Who Went to the Moon

Rhonda Gowler Greene
The First Men Who Went to the Moon Book PDF

Author : Rhonda Gowler Greene
Publisher : Sleeping Bear Press
Page : 32 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2019-03-15
Category : Juvenile Nonfiction
ISBN : 9781534138360

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The First Men Who Went to the Moon by Rhonda Gowler Greene Pdf

In 1961, President John F. Kennedy issued a challenge to the nation: land astronauts on the moon by the end of the decade. The Apollo program was designed by NASA to meet that challenge, and on July 16, 1969, Apollo 11 lifted off from Kennedy Space Center carrying astronauts Neil Armstrong, Michael Collins, and Edwin Aldrin. Apollo 11's prime mission objective: "Perform a manned lunar landing and return." Four days after take-off, the Lunar Module "Eagle," carrying Armstrong and Aldrin, separated from the Command Module "Columbia," and descended to the moon. Armstrong reported back to Houston's Command Center, "The Eagle has landed." America and the world watched in wonder and awe as a new chapter in space exploration opened. Through verse and informational text, author Rhonda Gowler Greene celebrates Apollo 11's historic moon landing.

The Early Exploration of Inland Washington Waters

Richard W. Blumenthal
The Early Exploration of Inland Washington Waters Book PDF

Author : Richard W. Blumenthal
Publisher : McFarland
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2015-01-28
Category : History
ISBN : 9780786427130

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The Early Exploration of Inland Washington Waters by Richard W. Blumenthal Pdf

For those armchair historians interested in the initial nautical exploration of inland Washington waters, this text is a significant addition to Northwest maritime history. Beginning in 1786 and continuing through 1792, The Early Exploration of Inland Washington Waters includes transcriptions of all of the logs and journals of the area's earliest explorers. This text follows the initial journey of John Meares, four intervening expeditions by the Spanish, and culminates with George Vancouver's voyage in 1792. This fascinating read includes the first European descriptions of Puget Sound Country and the people who lived here. It also records the events and history surrounding the naming of many prominent locations in the area by Vancouver including Puget Sound, Whidbey and Vashon Islands, Hood Canal, Admiralty Inlet, Mounts Rainer and Baker, etc. Readers will also be fascinated by the numerous Spanish names including the Haro Strait, Port Angeles, Padilla Bay, Sucia, Matia and Patos Islands as well as many more which did not stand the test of time. We owe our history to these early explorers; this text brings them to life.

Moon First and Mars Second

Allyson Reneau
Moon First and Mars Second Book PDF

Author : Allyson Reneau
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2021
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 3030542319

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Moon First and Mars Second by Allyson Reneau Pdf

This SpringerBrief explores the technological, economic, physiological, and psychological comparisons between a journey to the Moon versus a journey to Mars, taking into consideration the national and international perspectives at play. The author spent over six years interviewing leading space experts from around the world to learn why lunar habitats and the creation of a permanent presence on the Moon are an essential next step to human exploration and settlement in space. Practical reasons related to energy, telecommunications and networking, robotic systems, medical and scientific research, material processing, and more show why it must be the Moon First and Mars Second. These findings and recommendations have been adopted by current NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine, as well as the current U. S. president. The research in this text reflects the author's experiences working internally within NASA Headquarters, the FAA Commercial Spaceflight Office, as well as the International Space University. It is partially based on Reneau's award-winning Harvard thesis in conjunction with her Master's in International Relations.

First on the Moon

Neil Armstrong,Michael Collins
First on the Moon Book PDF

Author : Neil Armstrong,Michael Collins
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 452 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 156852398X

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First on the Moon by Neil Armstrong,Michael Collins Pdf

The Apollo 11 astronauts describe their unparalleled space venture.

Our Beautiful Moon and its Mysterious Magnetism

Mike Fuller
Our Beautiful Moon and its Mysterious Magnetism Book PDF

Author : Mike Fuller
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 130 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2013-09-24
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783319002781

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Our Beautiful Moon and its Mysterious Magnetism by Mike Fuller Pdf

This book is a summary of the history of discovering the moon. The author has been involved in the Apollo program, working with its samples and this book covers these efforts. It describes the analysis methods of lunar samples and their interpretation to understand lunar paleomagnetism. The book has adopted an historical approach throughout, tracing the development of the ideas of the Earth-moon system, of the birth of the space age, of paleomagnetism and finally of lunar magnetism and its evidence for an early lunar dynamo.