Eastern Caribbean Currency Union 2021 Discussion On Common Policies Of Member Countries Press Release Staff Report And Statement By The Executive Director For The Eastern Caribbean Currency Union

Author : International Monetary,International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 84 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2021-05-04
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781513572925

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Eastern Caribbean Currency Union: 2021 Discussion on Common Policies of Member Countries-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for the Eastern Caribbean Currency Union by International Monetary,International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept. Pdf

The fallout from the COVID-19 crisis is hitting ECCU economies hard. Tourism receipts (accounting for nearly 40 percent of GDP) have dried up, as tourist arrivals have come to a grinding halt. The authorities successfully contained the spread of the virus at the onset of the pandemic by largely closing the borders, but a reopening of the economies since the summer has led to a surge in COVID cases. The ECCU economy is projected to contract by 16 percent in 2020 and by a further near 1⁄2 percent in 2021. Fiscal positions have deteriorated sharply, and public debt is projected to reach near 90 percent of GDP in 2021 and remain at an elevated level for years to come. Headline indicators suggest the financial system is relatively sound with ample liquidity buffers, but nonperforming loans are expected to rise significantly. The outlook is clouded by exceptionally high risks, including from the uncertainty concerning the evolution of the pandemic.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2024-06-30
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:1323227457

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Eastern Caribbean Currency Union by Anonim Pdf

Author : International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 91 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2022-07-29
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9798400216794

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Eastern Caribbean Currency Union by International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept. Pdf

With ECCU economies slowly emerging from the pandemic with scars, the impact of the war in Ukraine is a setback to the nascent recovery. Higher food and energy prices, amid ongoing supply disruptions and intra-regional transportation bottlenecks, are raising inflation, eroding income, lowering output growth, worsening fiscal and external positions, and threatening food and energy security. As a result, inflation is expected to hover over 51⁄2 percent in 2022. Real GDP is projected to grow by 71⁄2 percent in 2022, leaving output still well below the pre-pandemic level. Fiscal deficits are projected to remain sizable, given continued pandemic- and disaster-related spending and temporary support to address rising living costs, thereby keeping gross financing needs and public debt at elevated levels in the near term. The financial system has remained broadly stable so far, with adequate capital and liquidity buffers, but nonperforming loans remain high and could rise further following the expiration of the ECCB’s loan moratoria program. The outlook is subject to large downside risks, primarily from further increases in commodity prices and new COVID variants amid vaccine hesitancy, in addition to the ever-present threat of natural disasters.

Author : International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 85 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2021-01-22
Category : Health & Fitness
ISBN : 9781513567136

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Central African Economic and Monetary Community (CEMAC) by International Monetary Fund. African Dept. Pdf

The economic shock associated with the COVID-19 pandemic is set to have long-lasting effects on the economic outlook for CEMAC. The pandemic itself seems to be now broadly under control in the region, and the policy response from national and regional authorities, supported by significant emergency financing by the Fund, helped mitigate the initial economic fallout. With lower medium-term oil prices, the outlook projects that CEMAC’s fiscal and external adjustments will be slower than previously envisaged, entailing large external financing needs (around €6.6 billion for 2021–23). Gross international reserves will now reach the equivalent of 5 months of imports by 2025 vs. 2022 pre-pandemic, while net foreign assets (NFA) will be below previous expectations. Public debt would remain at elevated levels, albeit on a declining trend after the increase in 2020. This outlook is highly uncertain and contingent on the evolution of the pandemic and its impact on oil prices. Other significant risks include: delayed implementation of the ongoing or a second phase of new Fund-supported programs, difficulties in filling large external financing needs, and a deterioration in the security situation.

Author : International Monetary,International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 72 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2021-10-28
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781513599151

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St. Kitts and Nevis: 2021 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for St. Kitts and Nevis by International Monetary,International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept. Pdf

St. Kitts and Nevis entered the Covid-19 pandemic from a position of fiscal strength following nearly a decade of budget surpluses. A significant part of the large CBI revenues was prudently saved, reducing public debt below the regional debt target of 60 percent of GDP and supporting accumulation of large government deposits.

Author : Ms.Manuela Goretti,Mr.Lamin Y Leigh,Aleksandra Babii,Mr.Serhan Cevik,Stella Kaendera,Mr.Dirk V Muir,Sanaa Nadeem,Mr.Gonzalo Salinas
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 115 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2021-02-19
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781513561905

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Tourism in the Post-Pandemic World by Ms.Manuela Goretti,Mr.Lamin Y Leigh,Aleksandra Babii,Mr.Serhan Cevik,Stella Kaendera,Mr.Dirk V Muir,Sanaa Nadeem,Mr.Gonzalo Salinas Pdf

This departmental paper analyzes the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tourism in the Asia Pacific region, Latin America, and Caribbean countries. Many tourism dependent economies in these regions, including small states in the Pacific and the Caribbean, entered the pandemic with limited fiscal space, inadequate external buffers, and foreign exchange revenues extremely concentrated in tourism. The empirical analysis leverages on an augmented gravity model to draw lessons from past epidemics and finds that the impact of infectious diseases on tourism flows is much greater in developing countries than in advanced economies.

Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 105 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2024-01-24
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789264594883

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Sustainable Investment Policy Perspectives in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) by OECD Pdf

This report serves as a baseline diagnostic to explore ways to reinvigorate the reform of the ECOWAS investment climate while also improving sustainable outcomes from investment. It also highlights areas where further collaboration between ECOWAS and the OECD could contribute to improved investment climates throughout the region.

Author : National Intelligence Council
Publisher : Cosimo Reports
Page : 158 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2021-03
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1646794974

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Global Trends 2040 by National Intelligence Council Pdf

"The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic marks the most significant, singular global disruption since World War II, with health, economic, political, and security implications that will ripple for years to come." -Global Trends 2040 (2021) Global Trends 2040-A More Contested World (2021), released by the US National Intelligence Council, is the latest report in its series of reports starting in 1997 about megatrends and the world's future. This report, strongly influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, paints a bleak picture of the future and describes a contested, fragmented and turbulent world. It specifically discusses the four main trends that will shape tomorrow's world: - Demographics-by 2040, 1.4 billion people will be added mostly in Africa and South Asia. - Economics-increased government debt and concentrated economic power will escalate problems for the poor and middleclass. - Climate-a hotter world will increase water, food, and health insecurity. - Technology-the emergence of new technologies could both solve and cause problems for human life. Students of trends, policymakers, entrepreneurs, academics, journalists and anyone eager for a glimpse into the next decades, will find this report, with colored graphs, essential reading.

Author : International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 82 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2020-02-24
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781513530963

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St. Lucia by International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept. Pdf

This 2019 Article IV Consultation explains that St. Lucia’s near-term growth prospects are favorable, supported by large infrastructure investment and robust tourist inflows. However, longer-term growth continues to be impeded by high public debt, lingering vulnerabilities in the financial system, and structural impediments to private investment. Diminishing policy buffers further weaken the country’s resilience to external shocks against the backdrop of aprecarious global outlook. Completion of long pending legislative initiatives, alongside stronger regional and domestic financial oversight, should provide banks with incentives to strengthen their balance sheets and increase the efficiency of financial intermediation. There is also a need to draw on supervisory and regulatory tools to respond to emerging risks from rising overseas investments of the banks and the rapid expansion of lending by credit unions. The authorities are recommended to should step up efforts to address the institutional, financing and capacity gaps in its climate and disaster response strategy. Supply-side reforms are needed to unlock potential growth by improving the business environment, reducing energy costs, enhancing labor productivity, and further diversifying the economy.

Author : International Monetary Fund
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 122 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2019-10-04
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781513511726

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International Monetary Fund Annual Report 2019 Financial Statements by International Monetary Fund Pdf

The audited consolidated financial statements of the International Monetary Fund as of April 30, 2019 and 2018

Author : International Monetary Fund. Secretary's Department
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 74 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2021-10-04
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781513568812

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International Monetary Fund Annual Report 2021 by International Monetary Fund. Secretary's Department Pdf

A recovery is underway, but the economic fallout from the global pandemic could be with us for years to come. With the crisis exacerbating prepandemic vulnerabilities, country prospects are diverging. Nearly half of emerging market and developing economies and some middle-income countries are now at risk of falling further behind, undoing much of the progress made toward achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals.

Author : Paul R. Masson,Catherine Pattillo
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 248 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2004-11-30
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0815797532

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The Monetary Geography of Africa by Paul R. Masson,Catherine Pattillo Pdf

Africa is working toward the goal of creating a common currency that would serve as a symbol of African unity. The advantages of a common currency include lower transaction costs, increased stability, and greater insulation of central banks from pressures to provide monetary financing. Disadvantages relate to asymmetries among countries, especially in their terms of trade and in the degree of fiscal discipline. More disciplined countries will not want to form a union with countries whose excessive spending puts upward pressure on the central bank's monetary expansion. In T he Monetary Geography of Africa, Paul Masson and Catherine Pattillo review the history of monetary arrangements on the continent and analyze the current situation and prospects for further integration. They apply lessons from both experience and theory that lead to a number of conclusions. To begin with, West Africa faces a major problem because Nigeria has both asymmetric terms of trade—it is a large oil exporter while its potential partners are oil importers—and most important, large fiscal imbalances. Secondly, a monetary union among all eastern or southern African countries seems infeasible at this stage, since a number of countries suffer from the effects of civil conflicts and drought and are far from achieving the macroeconomic stability of South Africa. Lastly, the plan by Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda to create a common currency seems to be generally compatible with other initiatives that could contribute to greater regional solidarity. However, economic gains would likely favor Kenya, which, unlike the other two countries, has substantial exports to its neighbors, and this may constrain the political will needed to proceed. A more promising strategy for monetary integration would be to build on existing monetary unions—the CFA franc zone in western and central Africa and the Common Monetary Area in southern Africa. Masson and Pattillo argue that the goal of a creating a s

Author : James Powell,Bank of Canada
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 124 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : UIUC:30112077032222

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A History of the Canadian Dollar by James Powell,Bank of Canada Pdf

Author : World Health Organization
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 211 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2015-08-05
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789241564861

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Investing to Overcome the Global Impact of Neglected Tropical Diseases by World Health Organization Pdf

"The presence, or absence, of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) can be seen as a proxy for poverty and for the success of interventions aimed at reducing poverty. Today, coverage of the public-health interventions recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) against NTDs may be interpreted as a proxy for universal health coverage and shared prosperity - in short, a proxy for coverage against neglect. As the world's focus shifts from development to sustainable development, from poverty eradication to shared prosperity, and from disease-specific goals to universal health coverage, control of NTDs will assume an important role towards the target of achieving universal health coverage, including individual financial risk protection. Success in overcoming NTDs is a "litmus test" for universal health coverage against NTDs in endemic countries. The first WHO report on NTDs (2010) set the scene by presenting the evidence for how these interventions had produced results. The second report (2013) assessed the progress made in deploying them and detailed the obstacles to their implementation. This third report analyses for the first time the investments needed to achieve the scale up of implementation required to achieve the targets of the WHO Roadmap on NTDs and universal coverage against NTDs. INVESTING TO OVERCOME THE GLOBAL IMPACT OF NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES presents an investment strategy for NTDs and analyses the specific investment case for prevention, control, elimination and eradication of 12 of the 17 NTDs. Such an analysis is justified following the adoption by the Sixty-sixth World Health Assembly in 2013 of resolution WHA6612 on neglected tropical diseases, which called for sufficient and predictable funding to achieve the Roadmap's targets and sustain control efforts. The report cautions, however, that it is wise investment and not investment alone that will yield success. The report registers progress and challenges and signals those that lie ahead. Climate change is expected to increase the spread of several vector-borne NTDs, notably dengue, transmission of which is directly influenced by temperature, rainfall, relative humidity and climate variability primarily through their effects on the vector. Investments in vector-borne diseases will avoid the potentially catastrophic expenditures associated with their control. The presence of NTDs will thereby signal an early warning system for climate-sensitive diseases. The ultimate goal is to deliver enhanced and equitable interventions to the most marginalized populations in the context of a changing public-health and investment landscape to ensure that all peoples affected by NTDs have an opportunity to lead healthier and wealthier lives."--Publisher's description.

Author : International Monetary Fund. Strategy, Policy, & Review Department,International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 58 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2019-07-03
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781498324373

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The Revised EBA-Lite Methodology by International Monetary Fund. Strategy, Policy, & Review Department,International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept. Pdf

The Methodology review identified three broad areas for improving the EBA-Lite methodology: (1) expanding the fundamentals and policy determinants in the CA and REER regressions to better capture the external balance of EBA-Lite countries; (2) identifying alternatives to regression models for external assessments of large exporters of exhaustible commodities; and (3) a revised approach for the assessment of external sustainability in highly indebted economies. Accordingly, the revised methodology consists of three modules: 1) Regression Module 2) Module for External Assessments of Exporters of Exhaustible Commodities 3) Module for the Assessment of External Sustainability