Ecological Risks Associated With The Destruction Of Chemical Weapons

Author : Vladimir M. Kolodkin,Wolfgang Ruck
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2006-08-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781402031373

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Ecological Risks Associated with the Destruction of Chemical Weapons by Vladimir M. Kolodkin,Wolfgang Ruck Pdf

1 2 Prof. Dr. Vladimir Mikhailovitsh Kolodkin , Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wolfgang Ruck 1 Institute of Natural and Technogenic Disasters, Udmurt State University, Izhevsk (Russia), 2 Institute of Ecology and Environmental Chemistry, University Lüneburg (Germany) During the Cold War a whole arsenal of deadly chemical weapons was allowed to build up on both sides of the ideological divide. Happily, today the problems are reversed. Expertise is now required in the field of safe and environment-friendly disposal of chemical weapons and cleaning up of contaminated sites all around the world, but not least in the ex-Soviet-led countries. The participants and speakers to the NATO-Russia advanced research workshop on the “Ecological Risks Associated with the Destruction of nd th Chemical Weapons”, hosted by the University of Lüneburg on 22 - 26 October, 2003, therefore, came from many different parts of the world. Of the eight countries represented at the workshop, two were ex-Eastern- Block, and six were Western countries. Yet the West was by no means overrepresented. On the contrary, the Russian expert-speaker contingent, with 33 participants, did justice to the size of their country – and to their chemical-weapons problem – and provided the majority of active participants. In all, there were 57 participants, of which 11 dispatched from the TACIS project “The development of the chemical weapons” facility at the detached plant No 4 of OAO Khimprom, Novocheboksarsk.

Author : Robert Noyes
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 250 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 1996-12-31
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780815516415

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Chemical Weapons Destruction and Explosive Waste by Robert Noyes Pdf

Some of the more difficult environmental problems facing the Department of Defense (DOD) include (1) chemical weapons destruction, (2) explosive waste remediation, and (3) unexploded ordnance clearance and extraction. It is conceivable that $50 to $100 billion will be spent by DOD for these three programs, offering unusual opportunities for environmental engineering and related firms. Military installations are similar to small cities in terms of population, industrial activities, and some types of contaminated sites. However, some cover an area larger than a small state. DOD has operated industrial facilities on its installations for several decades that have generated, stored, recycled, or disposed of hazardous wastes. Many of these activities have contaminated the nearby soil and groundwater. To study and clean up contaminated sites, DOD established the Installation Restoration Program (IRP) in 1975. In 1984, the IRP was made part of the Defense Environmental Restoration Program. The Secretary of Defense delegated cleanup responsibility to the Army, Navy, the Air Force, and the Defense Logistics Agency (DLA). Cleanup actions are usually accomplished under contract with private firms, which are monitored by the services. Most cleanup actions are funded through the Defense Environmental Restoration Account (DERA) and the Base Realignment and Closure Account. Congress established DERA in 1984 to fund the cleanup of inactive contaminated sites on DOD installations. The technology to clean up the conventional hazardous wastes on DOD sites are the same as those utilized for industrial sites, and well-documented by this publisher. However, there are three DOD programs that require the utilization of somewhat unusual or different technologies that have not been as well documented. These three programs are: 1. Chemical weapons destruction 2. Remediation of explosives contaminated soils and lagoons 3. Unexploded ordnance detection, clearance, and extraction This book discusses the current and potential treatment technologies involved in these three programs.

Author : David A. Koplow
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 269 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2021-01-26
Category : History
ISBN : 9781000261813

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By Fire and Ice by David A. Koplow Pdf

This book, first published in 1997, examines the forced merger between national security interests and environmental policy makers arising from the Chemical Weapons Convention and its requirement to safely dismantle the world’s chemical weapons stockpiles. The two groups had to find a way to intersect and work together, and this book analyses the problems and politics involved.

Author : A.V. Kaffka
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 186 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 1996-06-30
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780792340904

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Sea-Dumped Chemical Weapons: Aspects, Problems and Solutions by A.V. Kaffka Pdf

This volume summarises the materials presented at the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Sea-Dumped Chemical Munitions, held in Kaliningrad (Moscow Region), Russia, in January 1995. The conference was sponsored by the NATO Division of Scientific and Environmental Affairs in the framework of its outreach programme to develop co-operation between NATO member countries and the Cooperation Partner countries in the area of disarmament technologies. The problem of the ecological threat posed by chemical weapons (CW) dumped in the seas after the Second World War deserves considerable international attention: the amount of these weapons, many of them having been captured from the German Army, is assessed at more than three times as much as the total chemical arsenals reported by the United States and Russia. They were disposed of in the shallow depths of North European seas - areas of active fishing - in close proximity to densely populated coastlines, with no consideration of the long-term consequences. The highly toxic material have time and again showed up, for instance when retrieved occasionally in the fishing nets, attracting local media coverage only. Nevertheless, this issue has not yet been given adequate and comprehensive scientific analysis, the sea-disposed munitions are not covered by either the Chemical Weapons Convention or other arms control treaties. In fact, the problem has been neglected for a long time on the international level. Only recently were official data made available by the countries which admitted conducting dumping operations.

Author : Vladimir M. Kolodkin,Wolfgang Ruck
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 364 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2006-02-16
Category : Science
ISBN : 140203136X

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Ecological Risks Associated with the Destruction of Chemical Weapons by Vladimir M. Kolodkin,Wolfgang Ruck Pdf

1 2 Prof. Dr. Vladimir Mikhailovitsh Kolodkin , Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wolfgang Ruck 1 Institute of Natural and Technogenic Disasters, Udmurt State University, Izhevsk (Russia), 2 Institute of Ecology and Environmental Chemistry, University Lüneburg (Germany) During the Cold War a whole arsenal of deadly chemical weapons was allowed to build up on both sides of the ideological divide. Happily, today the problems are reversed. Expertise is now required in the field of safe and environment-friendly disposal of chemical weapons and cleaning up of contaminated sites all around the world, but not least in the ex-Soviet-led countries. The participants and speakers to the NATO-Russia advanced research workshop on the “Ecological Risks Associated with the Destruction of nd th Chemical Weapons”, hosted by the University of Lüneburg on 22 - 26 October, 2003, therefore, came from many different parts of the world. Of the eight countries represented at the workshop, two were ex-Eastern- Block, and six were Western countries. Yet the West was by no means overrepresented. On the contrary, the Russian expert-speaker contingent, with 33 participants, did justice to the size of their country – and to their chemical-weapons problem – and provided the majority of active participants. In all, there were 57 participants, of which 11 dispatched from the TACIS project “The development of the chemical weapons” facility at the detached plant No 4 of OAO Khimprom, Novocheboksarsk.

Author : Tarek A. Kassim,Damià Barceló
Publisher : Springer
Page : 325 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2009-03-24
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783540879633

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Environmental Consequences of War and Aftermath by Tarek A. Kassim,Damià Barceló Pdf

and used in munitions. Rather the requirements for the agent’s military effects took precedence. In addition, the interaction among the political, technical, and legal challenges connected with the known or possible risks posed by CW agents is complex and sometimes not well understood. This is usually because technical considerations, when acted on, are almost invariably informed by political ones, such as various legal requirements. The book contains nine chapters covering different aspects of the research on environmental consequences of war and its aftermath and covers in one additional chapter more general issues such as prevention of war and its environmental c- sequences, the legal, political, and technical background to selected environmental and human health effects of CW agents, and the atmospheric transport and depo- tion of persistent organic pollutants under warfare conditions to more specific ones related to two main tragic examples: the war in the Balkans and the Gulf War. Aspects of the war in the Balkans cover contamination by heavy metals in Serbian national parks, the impact of NATO strikes on the Danube river basin, and the problems associated with transuranium elements. The Gulf War in Kuwait covers other problems related to the impact of oil contamination, the impact on grou- water resources, and the soil damage of ground fortifications among other envir- mental and health problems.

Author : Stockholm International Peace Research Institute,Arthur H. Westing
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 116 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 1977
Category : History
ISBN : STANFORD:36105037193468

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Weapons of Mass Destruction and the Environment by Stockholm International Peace Research Institute,Arthur H. Westing Pdf

"This book describes several weapons of mass destruction and examines the extent and duration of environmental damage to be expected from them"--Jacket.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Arms Control and Disarmament Agency
Page : 204 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 1993
Category : Chemical arms control
ISBN : PURD:32754064099181

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Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling, and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction by Anonim Pdf

Author : Ramesh Thakur And Ere Haru
Publisher : Pearson Education India
Page : 206 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2007-09
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 8131708497

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The Chemical Weapons Convention: Implementation , Challenges , Opportunities by Ramesh Thakur And Ere Haru Pdf

Author : SIPRI.
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 208 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2021-01-27
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 0367626985

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Chemical Weapons by SIPRI. Pdf

This book, first published in 1980, presents the findings of the SIPRI-organized 1979 international symposium on the destruction and conversion of chemical weapons. Thirty experts from 14 countries discussed the destruction and conversion of present stockpiles of chemical warfare agents and munitions; the destruction and conversion of CW research and development facilities; verification of compliance, and confidence-building measures facilitating verification; and the environmental and occupational health hazards involved in maintaining and in disposing of stockpiles of CW agents and munitions.

Author : Eric Croddy
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 316 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2011-06-27
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781461300250

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Chemical and Biological Warfare by Eric Croddy Pdf

The armaments of chemical and biological warfare (CBW) are now widely held not just by nation-states, but by terrorist and criminal enterprises. The weapons themselves are relatively inexpensive and very easy to hide, allowing organizations of just a few dozen people to deploy potentially devastating attacks. While in the twentieth century most arms-control efforts focused, rightly, on nuclear arsenals, in the twenty-first century CBW will almost certainly require just as much attention. This book defines the basics of CBW for the concerned citizen, including non-alarmist scientific descriptions of the weapons and their antidotes, methods of deployment and defensive response, and the likelihood in the current global political climate of additional proliferation.

Author : G.A. Eiceman,Z. Karpas,Herbert H. Hill, Jr.
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 446 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2013-12-10
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781439859971

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Ion Mobility Spectrometry, Third Edition by G.A. Eiceman,Z. Karpas,Herbert H. Hill, Jr. Pdf

Since the turn of the twenty-first century, applications of ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) have diversified, expanding their utility in the military and security spheres and entering the realms of clinical practice and pharmaceutical exploration. Updated and expanded, the third edition of Ion Mobility Spectrometry begins with a comprehensive discussion of the fundamental theory and practice of IMS. Divided into four sections—Overview, Technology, Fundamentals, and Applications—the authors treat innovations and advances in all aspects of IMS in a fresh, thorough, and revised format. Features: Introduces the definitions, theory, and practice of IMS and summarizes its history from the beginnings of the study of ions to present commercial and scholarly activities Presents the technology of IMS from a measurement perspective—covering inlet through ion formation, ion injection, electric fields, drift tube structures, and detectors Covers the end results of measurement, the mobility spectrum, and the transformative trend of ion mobility: mass spectrometry Discusses the influence on the experimental parameters on the mobility of ions Mobility-based methods are no longer restricted to volatile substances and indeed the many benefits of this technology—simplicity, convenience, and the low cost of technology—have become recognized as meritorious in a wide range of uses. This is also true for the advantages of measurements—high speed, distinctive spectral features, and operation in ambient pressure with thermalized ions. Ion Mobility Spectrometry, Third Edition serves specialists in the field of IMS who are interested in the potential of recent developments and researchers, engineers, and students who want a comprehensive overview of this technology.

Author : Carsten Stahn,Jennifer S. Easterday,Jens Iverson
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 513 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2017
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780198784630

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Environmental Protection and Transitions from Conflict to Peace by Carsten Stahn,Jennifer S. Easterday,Jens Iverson Pdf

This book examines the protection of the environment in post-conflict societies, with regard both to the maintenance of natural ecosystems and to the function of environmental protection in the peace-building process, addressing the strengths and weaknesses of different bodies of law.

Author : Thomas Stock,Karlheinz Lohs
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 364 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 1997
Category : History
ISBN : UOM:39015040037130

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The Challenge of Old Chemical Munitions and Toxic Armament Wastes by Thomas Stock,Karlheinz Lohs Pdf

In October 1993, eighteen experts from ten countries met in Munster, Germany to discuss various aspects of the problem of old chemical munitions and toxic armaments wastes. This comprehensive study discusses the characteristics of chemical warfare agents and toxic armament wastes, past chemical weapons production activities, chemical weapons disposal and destruction, sea dumping of chemical weapons, and legal issues related to old chemical munitions and toxic armament wastes.

Author : Bretislav Friedrich,Dieter Hoffmann,Jürgen Renn,Florian Schmaltz,Martin Wolf
Publisher : Springer
Page : 404 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2017-11-26
Category : History
ISBN : 9783319516646

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One Hundred Years of Chemical Warfare: Research, Deployment, Consequences by Bretislav Friedrich,Dieter Hoffmann,Jürgen Renn,Florian Schmaltz,Martin Wolf Pdf

This book is open access under a CC BY-NC 2.5 license. On April 22, 1915, the German military released 150 tons of chlorine gas at Ypres, Belgium. Carried by a long-awaited wind, the chlorine cloud passed within a few minutes through the British and French trenches, leaving behind at least 1,000 dead and 4,000 injured. This chemical attack, which amounted to the first use of a weapon of mass destruction, marks a turning point in world history. The preparation as well as the execution of the gas attack was orchestrated by Fritz Haber, the director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry in Berlin-Dahlem. During World War I, Haber transformed his research institute into a center for the development of chemical weapons (and of the means of protection against them). Bretislav Friedrich and Martin Wolf (Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, the successor institution of Haber’s institute) together with Dieter Hoffmann, Jürgen Renn, and Florian Schmaltz (Max Planck Institute for the History of Science) organized an international symposium to commemorate the centenary of the infamous chemical attack. The symposium examined crucial facets of chemical warfare from the first research on and deployment of chemical weapons in WWI to the development and use of chemical warfare during the century hence. The focus was on scientific, ethical, legal, and political issues of chemical weapons research and deployment — including the issue of dual use — as well as the ongoing effort to control the possession of chemical weapons and to ultimately achieve their elimination. The volume consists of papers presented at the symposium and supplemented by additional articles that together cover key aspects of chemical warfare from 22 April 1915 until the summer of 2015.