Economic Aid And American Policy Toward Egypt 1955 1981

Author : William Joseph Burns
Publisher : SUNY Press
Page : 310 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 1985-01-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0873958683

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Economic Aid and American Policy toward Egypt, 1955-1981 by William Joseph Burns Pdf

Gamal Abdel Nasser's 1955 decision to barter Egyptian cotton for Soviet bloc weaponry thrust Egypt onto center stage in the Cold War in the Middle East. What Egypt needed most, and what the United States was uniquely equipped to provide, was economic aid. For the Egyptian government--eager to take rapid strides toward economic development but crippled by a burgeoning population, a paucity of arable land, and a meager reserve of foreign exchange--American economic aid promised to serve as an enormously important crutch. For American policymakers, economic assistance appeared to be an ideal means of developing American influence in Egypt. Few aid relationships in the last three decades can match the drama and significance of the U.S.-Egyptian experience. This study shows how the American government attempted to use its economic aid program to induce or coerce Egypt to support U.S. interests in the Middle East in the quarter century following the 1955 Czech-Egyptian arms agreement. William J. Burns has analyzed recently released government documents and interviews with former policymakers to throw light on the use of aid as a tool of American policy toward the Nasser regime. He also offers valuable observations on the role of the American economic assistance program in the Sadat era.

Author : J. Alterman
Publisher : Springer
Page : 200 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2002-10-03
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781403976000

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Egypt and American Foreign Assistance 1952–1956 by J. Alterman Pdf

From the ground up the story of missed opportunities, mixed messages, and mutual frustrations in American relations with Egypt at a seminal time. Unprecedented in its drawing on Egyptian official sources, Hopes Dashed sheds new light on the difficulties and challenges of a nascent relationship characterized by missed opportunities, mixed messages, and mutual frustrations. However beneficial the intentions of those on the ground, their desire for Egyptian economic development was stymied by bureaucratic obstacles both in Egypt and the United States. And as Egypt became embroiled in the Cold War, policy decisions increasingly were made at higher levels by officials more concerned with geopolitical and Arab-Israeli issues and less how U.S. assistance could help the domestic political economy of Egypt. Alterman compellingly shows how the interests of both countries diverged to eventually undermine an early American attempt at economic assistance.

Author : Marvin G Weinbaum
Publisher : Westview Press
Page : 208 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 1986-06-05
Category : History
ISBN : UCAL:B4411854

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Egypt And The Politics Of U.s. Economic Aid by Marvin G Weinbaum Pdf

Author : Steven A. Cook
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 433 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2013-03-21
Category : History
ISBN : 9780199931774

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The Struggle for Egypt by Steven A. Cook Pdf

"A half century ago, Egypt under nasser became the putative leader of the Arab world and a beacon for developing nations. Yet in the decades prior to the 2011 revolution, it was ruled over by a sclerotic regime plagued by nepotism and corruption. During that time, its economy declined into near shambles, a severely overpopulated Cairo fell into disrepair, and it produced scores of violent Islamic extremists ... In The struggle for Egypt, now with a new epilogue on the post-Mubarak era, noted regional specialist Steven A. Cook provides a sweeping and incisive account of how this parlous state of affairs came to be, why the revolution occurred, and where Egypt might be headed next." -- From p. 4 of cover.

Author : Marvin G. Weinbaum
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 169 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2019-03-04
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780429711831

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Egypt And The Politics Of U.s. Economic Aid by Marvin G. Weinbaum Pdf

The massive U.S. economic aid program for Egypt initiated in 1975 resulted in a bilateral aid relationship shaped by the interaction of political and development goals. In this study of the program's origins and consequences, Professor Weinbaum describes its scope and identifies the constraints that delayed and limited program implementation. The author discusses the modest U.S. leverage designed to encourage economic reforms and argues that far-reaching reforms could only be attained through a major change in Egypt's political structure. He finds that, despite its failure to make Egypt more economically self-reliant, U.S. assistance has enabled the country to attain a level of consumption and development planning possible with no other alternative. The profit to the United States results from the regime's moderate foreign policies and compatible views on strategic threats to the region. Despite the mutual benefits of this aid program, Professor Weinbaum concludes that the United States must display greater sensitivity to Egypt's political and economic problems if the "special relationship" is to survive through the 1980s.

Author : Amir Magdy Kamel
Publisher : University of Michigan Press
Page : 203 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2023-03-14
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780472903207

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Floundering Stability by Amir Magdy Kamel Pdf

The US commitment to stability—both domestically and abroad—has been a consistent feature in the way Washington, DC carries out international relations. This commitment is complimented by the increased overlap between the economic and political spheres in international affairs. Consequently, this US approach to foreign interaction is informed by an assumption that foreign policy tools can influence global stability for the better. In order to investigate this assumption, this book details the foundations of what Amir Magdy Kamel refers to as the US Stability Policy—how it evolved over time and how it was implemented in Egypt. He finds that domestic and global forces were left unaccounted for by the Stability Policy, ultimately leading to a failure to achieve the self-stated stability goals. Kamel’s analysis is informed through a unique mixed-method approach that sheds light on how and why this policy fared so poorly under Mubarak’s Egypt. He develops and tests a unique and particular way of examining the Stability Policy and presents a framework for future work to replicate and build on in the quest to understand other state-on-state relationships and the effectiveness of other foreign economic policies in achieving stability goals. Floundering Stability reflects on what Kamel’s findings mean for the relationship between the US and Egypt, as well as specific US foreign policy suggestions on how the same mistakes can be avoided in the future.

Author : Dina Jadallah
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 392 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2016-01-27
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780857728913

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US Economic Aid in Egypt by Dina Jadallah Pdf

Economic aid is one of the cornerstones of the Egyptian-American relationship, and plays a significant role in promoting US policy objectives in the Middle East. Focusing on the latter half of Hosni Mubarak's rule, Dina Jadallah argues that, through its aid policy, the US has attempted to use a reforming and democratising narrative to transform Egypt into a stable "market democracy" that would be aligned with US interests in the region. This aim has been pursued in conjunction with one that promoted a comprehensive "warm peace" with Israel. By highlighting the opposition within Egypt to US aid, Jadallah analyses the key issues that came to the fore during the 2010/11 protests in the country and led to the downfall of Mubarak. Extending her analysis into the post-revolutionary period, the author provides interviews with regime insiders and prominent critics, inside state institutions and outside, who actively challenged the regime. This enables her to assess the different perceptions of US aid both under Mubarak and in the current political situation, contributing to an incisive analysis of modern Egypt and its relations with its superpower ally in the region.

Author : Sanford R. Silverburg,Bernard Reich
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 449 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2015-07-16
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781317417439

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United States Foreign Policy and the Middle East/North Africa by Sanford R. Silverburg,Bernard Reich Pdf

This bibliography, first published in 1990, is a result of a quarter-century professional and personal relationship between two academics interested in Middle East studies. The comprehensive bibliography consists of western, primarily English, language sources published through 1988 and early 1989 concerning foreign policy toward the Middle East and North Africa during the twentieth century. Included are materials that deal directly with the topic, material that has appeared in published form, ie books, monographs, essays and articles. Also included are some non-published items, most importantly American and British doctoral dissertations and master’s theses.

Author : J. Alterman
Publisher : Springer
Page : 225 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2002-10-03
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781403976000

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Egypt and American Foreign Assistance 1952–1956 by J. Alterman Pdf

From the ground up the story of missed opportunities, mixed messages, and mutual frustrations in American relations with Egypt at a seminal time. Unprecedented in its drawing on Egyptian official sources, Hopes Dashed sheds new light on the difficulties and challenges of a nascent relationship characterized by missed opportunities, mixed messages, and mutual frustrations. However beneficial the intentions of those on the ground, their desire for Egyptian economic development was stymied by bureaucratic obstacles both in Egypt and the United States. And as Egypt became embroiled in the Cold War, policy decisions increasingly were made at higher levels by officials more concerned with geopolitical and Arab-Israeli issues and less how U.S. assistance could help the domestic political economy of Egypt. Alterman compellingly shows how the interests of both countries diverged to eventually undermine an early American attempt at economic assistance.

Author : Thomas J. McCormick
Publisher : JHU Press
Page : 316 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 1995-02
Category : History
ISBN : 0801850118

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America's Half-Century by Thomas J. McCormick Pdf

Revised andupdated through 1993, it describes how the end of the Cold War affected the United States's global role as well as suggesting what possibilities lie ahead for a restructured world-system.

Author : Glenn E. Perry
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Page : 273 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2015-12-01
Category : History
ISBN : 9781610699143

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The History of Egypt by Glenn E. Perry Pdf

Providing a valuable resource for readers seeking information on all periods of Egyptian history, this book covers Egypt starting from ancient times and continuing through the medieval Islamic period to focus on the events of the last 100 years, including the aborted revolution of 2011. Egypt has experienced tumultuous events in recent years, especially starting with the uprisings and revolution of 2011. This second edition of The History of Egypt not only provides readers with in-depth information on events of the last decade—such as the Arab Spring, the removal of Hosni Mubarak from office, and the protests against Mohamed Morsi's presidency—but also provides key background with chapters addressing previous periods of the country's history, starting from pre-Islamic times to pharaonic to Byzantine. The volume offers an objective history of Egypt that is uniquely appropriate for a high school audience. This expanded and extensively updated second edition provides new content and media photographs that help bring recent events to life for readers without previous knowledge about the topic. It also includes coverage of important events in long-ago Egyptian history that lends valuable perspective to events in the 21st century, such the nation's transformation into a Muslim and Arab country and Egypt's post-1778 imperialism and modernization through World War I.

Author : Khalid Ikram
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 449 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2018
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9789774167942

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The Political Economy of Reforms in Egypt by Khalid Ikram Pdf

Drawing on Khalid Ikram's extensive knowledge of economic policymaking at the highest levels, The Political Economy of Reforms in Egypt lays out the enduring features of the Egyptian economy and its performance since 1952 before presenting an account of policy-making, growth and structural change under the country's successive presidents to the present day.

Author : Chester J. Pach,Elmo Richardson
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 312 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 1991
Category : Biography & Autobiography
ISBN : UOM:39015021493443

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The Presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower by Chester J. Pach,Elmo Richardson Pdf

An analysis of Eisenhower's leadership and managerial style and exploration of the significance of the decisions Eisenhower made on a whole range of issues, from civil rights to atomic testing.

Author : Fawaz A. Gerges
Publisher : Yale University Press
Page : 334 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2024-05-28
Category : History
ISBN : 9780300277272

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What Really Went Wrong by Fawaz A. Gerges Pdf

An ambitious revisionist history of the modern Middle East What Really Went Wrong offers a fresh and incisive assessment of American foreign policy’s impact on the history and politics of the modern Middle East. Looking at flashpoints in Iranian, Egyptian, Syrian, and Lebanese history, Fawaz A. Gerges shows how postwar U.S. leaders made a devil’s pact with potentates, autocrats, and strongmen around the world. Washington sought to tame assertive nationalists and to protect repressive Middle Eastern regimes in return for compliance with American hegemonic designs and uninterrupted flows of cheap oil. The book takes a counterfactual approach, asking readers to consider how the political trajectories of these countries and, by extension, the entire region may have differed had U.S. foreign policy privileged the nationalist aspirations of patriotic and independent Middle Eastern leaders and people. Gerges argues that rather than focusing on rolling back communism, extracting oil, and pursuing interventionist and imperial policies in Iran, Egypt, and beyond, postwar U.S. leaders should have allowed the Middle East greater autonomy in charting its own political and economic development. In so doing, the contemporary Middle East may have had better prospects for stability, prosperity, peace, and democracy.

Author : Diane B. Kunz, Esq.
Publisher : Univ of North Carolina Press
Page : 310 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2000-11-09
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780807862698

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The Economic Diplomacy of the Suez Crisis by Diane B. Kunz, Esq. Pdf

Diane Kunz describes here how the United States employed economic diplomacy to affect relations among states during the Suez Crisis of 1956-57. Using political and financial archival material from the United States and Great Britain, and drawing from personal interviews with many of the key players, Kunz focuses on how economic diplomacy determined the course of events during the crisis from start to finish. In doing so, she provides both an excellent case study of the role of economic sanctions in international relations and a solid treatment of the American use of such sanctions against a Middle Eastern country. The crisis was prompted by the Eisenhower administration's decision not to fund the Aswan High Dam, triggering the takeover of the Suez Canal Company by Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser. Responding to events, the American government imposed economic sanctions against Great Britain, France, Egypt, and Israel, with varying degrees of success. Because of its weakened financial position and misguided decisions, Kunz says, the government of British Prime Minister Anthony Eden proved most vulnerable to these tactics. Indeed, American economic pressure caused the British government to withdraw its troops ignominiously from Egypt. France, on the other hand, had borrowed sufficiently prior to the crisis to be able to withstand American pressure. For Israel, Kunz says, the threat of sanctions symbolized the Eisenhower administration's wrath. Israel could forego American funds, but, dependent on the goodwill of a great power for survival, it could not take a stand that would completely alienate the United States. Only Egypt proved immune to financial warfare. Kunz also illuminates the general diplomacy of the Suez crisis. The American government was determined neither to alienate moderate Arab opinion nor to become too closely intertwined with Israel. As such, this account has significant lessons for American policy. Originally published in 1991. A UNC Press Enduring Edition -- UNC Press Enduring Editions use the latest in digital technology to make available again books from our distinguished backlist that were previously out of print. These editions are published unaltered from the original, and are presented in affordable paperback formats, bringing readers both historical and cultural value.