Economic Gains From Gender Inclusion

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Economic Gains From Gender Inclusion

Mr.Jonathan David Ostry,Jorge Alvarez,Mr.Raphael A Espinoza,Mr.Chris Papageorgiou
Economic Gains From Gender Inclusion Book PDF

Author : Mr.Jonathan David Ostry,Jorge Alvarez,Mr.Raphael A Espinoza,Mr.Chris Papageorgiou
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 28 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2018-10-08
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781484337127

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Economic Gains From Gender Inclusion by Mr.Jonathan David Ostry,Jorge Alvarez,Mr.Raphael A Espinoza,Mr.Chris Papageorgiou Pdf

While progress has been made in increasing female labor force participation (FLFP) in the last 20 years, large gaps remain. The latest Fund research shows that improving gender diversity can result in larger economic gains than previously thought. Indeed, gender diversity brings benefits all its own. Women bring new skills to the workplace. This may reflect social norms and their impact on upbringing and social interactions, or underlying differences in risk preference and response to incentives for example. As such, there is an economic benefit from diversity, that is from bringing women into the labor force, over and above the benefit resulting from more (male) workers. The study finds that male and female labor are imperfect substitutes in production, and therefore gender differences in the labor force matter. The results also imply that standard models, which ignore such differences, understate the favorable impact of gender inclusion on growth, and misattribute to technology a part of growth that is actually caused by women’s participation. The study further suggests that narrowing gender gaps benefits both men and women, because of a boost to male wages from higher FLFP. The paper also examines the role of women in the process of sectoral reallocation from traditional agriculture to services and the resulting effect on productivity and growth. Because FLFP is relatively high in services, sectoral reallocation along development paths serves to boost gender parity and productivity.

Women, Work, and the Economy:Macroeconomic Gains from Gender Equity

Ms.Katrin Elborgh-Woytek,Ms.Monique Newiak,Ms.Kalpana Kochhar,Ms.Stefania Fabrizio,Mr.Kangni Kpodar,Mr.Philippe Wingender,Mr.Benedict J. Clements,Mr.Gerd Schwartz
Women Work and the Economy Macroeconomic Gains from Gender Equity Book PDF

Author : Ms.Katrin Elborgh-Woytek,Ms.Monique Newiak,Ms.Kalpana Kochhar,Ms.Stefania Fabrizio,Mr.Kangni Kpodar,Mr.Philippe Wingender,Mr.Benedict J. Clements,Mr.Gerd Schwartz
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 43 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2013-10-25
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781475576795

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Women, Work, and the Economy:Macroeconomic Gains from Gender Equity by Ms.Katrin Elborgh-Woytek,Ms.Monique Newiak,Ms.Kalpana Kochhar,Ms.Stefania Fabrizio,Mr.Kangni Kpodar,Mr.Philippe Wingender,Mr.Benedict J. Clements,Mr.Gerd Schwartz Pdf

The proposed SDN discusses the specific macro-critical aspects of women’s participation in the labor market and the constraints that prevent women from developing their full economic potential. Building on earlier Fund analysis, work undertaken by other organizations and academic research, the SDN presents possible policies to overcome these obstacles in different types of countries.

Gender Equality and Inclusive Growth

Raquel Fernández,Asel Isakova,Francesco Luna,Barbara Rambousek
Gender Equality and Inclusive Growth Book PDF

Author : Raquel Fernández,Asel Isakova,Francesco Luna,Barbara Rambousek
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 50 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2021-03-04
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781513571164

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Gender Equality and Inclusive Growth by Raquel Fernández,Asel Isakova,Francesco Luna,Barbara Rambousek Pdf

This paper considers various dimensions and sources of gender inequality and presents policies and best practices to address these. With women accounting for fifty percent of the global population, inclusive growth can only be achieved if it promotes gender equality. Despite recent progress, gender gaps remain across all stages of life, including before birth, and negatively impact health, education, and economic outcomes for women. The roadmap to gender equality has to rely on legal framework reforms, policies to promote equal access, and efforts to tackle entrenched social norms. These need to be set in the context of arising new trends such as digitalization, climate change, as well as shocks such as pandemics.

Pursuing Women's Economic Empowerment

International Monetary Fund. Strategy, Policy, & Review Department,International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Pursuing Women s Economic Empowerment Book PDF

Author : International Monetary Fund. Strategy, Policy, & Review Department,International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 29 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2018-05-31
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781498308922

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Pursuing Women's Economic Empowerment by International Monetary Fund. Strategy, Policy, & Review Department,International Monetary Fund. African Dept. Pdf

"The economic and social imperative for women’s economic empowerment is clear. Greater gender equality boosts economic growth and leads to better development outcomes. It contributes to reducing income inequality and boosting economic diversification and, in turn, supports economic resilience. Gender equality is one of the 17 global UN Sustainable Development Goals, which provide a roadmap for ending poverty, protecting the planet, and ensuring that all people enjoy peace and prosperity. The G7 has emphasized the need for closing the gender gap. The Taormina Leaders’ Summit in 2017 renewed the emphasis on promoting women’s empowerment, which the leaders see as a crucial contribution to promoting sustainable development. In this regard, leaders committed to mainstreaming gender equality into all their policies. This is carried forward by Canada’s G7 Presidency. With growing recognition that gender equality promotes economic stability and growth, the IMF has scaled up its work in this area and is committed to continue these efforts. Work by the IMF will focus on (i) deepening its understanding of the economic benefits of women’s empowerment, both in the labor market and through more equal opportunities for boys and girls, also against the background of persistent megatrends, including in an environment of rapid technological change; (ii) integrating the analysis into Fund policy dialogue with member countries; (iii) providing customized assistance, workshops, and peer-learning courses in areas such as gender budgeting; and (iv) expanding collaboration with other international institutions on the subject to benefit from complementary areas of expertise."

Reducing and Redistributing Unpaid Work: Stronger Policies to Support Gender Equality

Cristian Alonso,Mariya Brussevich,Ms.Era Dabla-Norris,Yuko Kinoshita,Ms.Kalpana Kochhar
Reducing and Redistributing Unpaid Work Stronger Policies to Support Gender Equality Book PDF

Author : Cristian Alonso,Mariya Brussevich,Ms.Era Dabla-Norris,Yuko Kinoshita,Ms.Kalpana Kochhar
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 35 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2019-10-15
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781513516998

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Reducing and Redistributing Unpaid Work: Stronger Policies to Support Gender Equality by Cristian Alonso,Mariya Brussevich,Ms.Era Dabla-Norris,Yuko Kinoshita,Ms.Kalpana Kochhar Pdf

Unpaid work, such as caring for children, the elderly, and household chores represents a significant share of economic activity but is not counted as part of GDP. Women disproportionately shoulder the burden of unpaid work: on average, women do two more hours of unpaid work per day than men, with large differences across countries. While much unpaid care work is done entirely by choice, constraints imposed by cultural norms, labor market features or lack of public services, infrastructure, and family-friendly policies matter. This undermines female labor force participation and lowers economy-wide productivity. In this paper, we examine recent trends in unpaid work around the world using aggregate and individual-level data, explore potential drivers, and identify policies that can help reduce and redistribute unpaid work across genders. Conservative model-based estimates suggest that the gains from these policies could amount to up to 4 percent of GDP.

Integrating Gender Into the IMF’s Work

Rishi Goyal,Ms. Ratna Sahay
Integrating Gender Into the IMF s Work Book PDF

Author : Rishi Goyal,Ms. Ratna Sahay
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 32 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2023-10-06
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9798400257247

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Integrating Gender Into the IMF’s Work by Rishi Goyal,Ms. Ratna Sahay Pdf

This note argues that the IMF is filling a critical gap by integrating gender issues into it work. It makes the case that (i) closing gender gaps is critical for economies because they lead to underdevelopment, underutilization, and misallocation of productive human resources; and (ii) applying a gender lens to macroeconomic, financial, and structural policy design can narrow gender gaps and result in improved economic outcomes. This Note complements this argument by providing an overview of gender gaps in opportunities, outcomes, and representation; taking stock of how these gaps impact macroeconomic and financial outcomes; and identifying which polices can narrow gender gaps. It explains how narrowing gender gaps can benefit societies and outline steps countries can take to unleash the economic gains from gender equality.

Gender Equality and Economic Diversification

Romina Kazandjian,Ms.Lisa Kolovich,Ms.Kalpana Kochhar,Ms.Monique Newiak
Gender Equality and Economic Diversification Book PDF

Author : Romina Kazandjian,Ms.Lisa Kolovich,Ms.Kalpana Kochhar,Ms.Monique Newiak
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 29 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2016-07-14
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781498367738

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Gender Equality and Economic Diversification by Romina Kazandjian,Ms.Lisa Kolovich,Ms.Kalpana Kochhar,Ms.Monique Newiak Pdf

We show that gender inequality decreases the variety of goods countries produce and export, in particular in low-income and developing countries. We argue that this happens through at least two channels: first, gender gaps in opportunity, such as lower educational enrollment rates for girls than for boys, harm diversification by constraining the potential pool of human capital available in an economy. Second, gender gaps in the labor market impede the development of new ideas by decreasing the efficiency of the labor force. Our empirical estimates support these hypotheses, providing evidence that gender-friendly policies could help countries diversify their economies.

Catalyst for Change

Mr.Christian Gonzales,Ms.Sonali Jain-Chandra,Ms.Kalpana Kochhar,Ms.Monique Newiak,Mr.Tlek Zeinullayev
Catalyst for Change Book PDF

Author : Mr.Christian Gonzales,Ms.Sonali Jain-Chandra,Ms.Kalpana Kochhar,Ms.Monique Newiak,Mr.Tlek Zeinullayev
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 42 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2015-10-22
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781513533384

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Catalyst for Change by Mr.Christian Gonzales,Ms.Sonali Jain-Chandra,Ms.Kalpana Kochhar,Ms.Monique Newiak,Mr.Tlek Zeinullayev Pdf

This study shows empirically that gender inequality and income inequality are strongly interlinked, even after controlling for standard drivers of income inequality. The study analyzes gender inequality by using and extending the United Nation’s Gender Inequality Index (GII) to cover two decades for almost 140 countries,. The main finding is that an increase in the GII from perfect gender equality to perfect inequality is associated with an almost 10 points higher net Gini coefficient. For advanced countries, with higher gender equity in opportunities, income inequality arises mainly through gender gaps in economic participation. For emerging market and developing countries, inequality of opportunity, in particular in education and health, appear to pose larger obstacles to income equality.

Women, Work, and Economic Growth

Ms.Kalpana Kochhar,Ms.Sonali Jain-Chandra,Ms.Monique Newiak
Women Work and Economic Growth Book PDF

Author : Ms.Kalpana Kochhar,Ms.Sonali Jain-Chandra,Ms.Monique Newiak
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 332 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2017-02-15
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781475579031

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Women, Work, and Economic Growth by Ms.Kalpana Kochhar,Ms.Sonali Jain-Chandra,Ms.Monique Newiak Pdf

Women make up a little over half of the world’s population, but their contribution to measured economic activity and growth is far below its potential. Despite significant progress in recent decades, labor markets across the world remain divided along gender lines, and progress toward gender equality seems to have stalled. The challenges of growth, job creation, and inclusion are closely intertwined. This volume brings together key research by IMF economists on issues related to gender and macroeconomics. In addition to providing policy prescriptions and case studies from IMF member countries, the chapters also look at the gender gap from an economic point of view.

How to Operationalize Gender Issues in Country Work

International Monetary Fund. Strategy, Policy, & Review Department
How to Operationalize Gender Issues in Country Work Book PDF

Author : International Monetary Fund. Strategy, Policy, & Review Department
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 41 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2018-06-13
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781498309011

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How to Operationalize Gender Issues in Country Work by International Monetary Fund. Strategy, Policy, & Review Department Pdf

"Reducing gender gaps can have important economic benefits. Gender gaps remain significant on a global scale, both with respect to opportunities and outcomes. For example, gender-based legal restrictions in many parts of the world, as well as barriers in access to education, healthcare, and financial services, prevent women from fully participating in the economy. In turn, labor force participation rates are lower among women than men. Gender equality can play an important role in promoting economic stability by boosting economic productivity and growth, enhancing economic resilience, and reducing income inequality. The Fund has begun operationalizing gender issues in its work. Staff has contributed to the economic literature through country-level and cross-country analytical studies, confirming the macro-criticality of gender issues in a broad set of circumstances. Gender issues are also increasingly becoming an integral part of capacity development though technical assistance and training. And in country work, two waves of gender pilots have been completed—encompassing both surveillance and Fund-supported programs and covering all regions of the world and all levels of income—and a third wave is under way. Coverage of gender issues in staff reports should be selective and calibrated to the degree of macroeconomic significance. All teams should consider whether gender issues are relevant, taking into account also the authorities’ priorities, but with no presumption that gender issues will be covered everywhere or every year and with in-depth coverage anticipated in only a limited number of cases any year. Staff should point to macroeconomic significance where it exists, with analysis focused on aspects with economic implications and specific policy advice limited to areas where there is Fund expertise. Where relevant, country teams should leverage external expertise. This note provides an overview of good practices and resources available to staff. The note is consistent with the 2015 Guidance Note for Surveillance Under Article IV Consultations and draws also on the 2013 Guidance Note on Jobs and Growth Issues in Surveillance and Program Work. It provides examples of good practice with respect to coverage of gender issues in country reports and lays out the resources available to country teams, both with respect to existing analytical work as well as the availability of data and tools."

Women, Work, and the Economy

Ms.Katrin Elborgh-Woytek,Ms.Monique Newiak,Ms.Kalpana Kochhar,Ms.Stefania Fabrizio,Mr.Kangni R Kpodar,Mr.Philippe Wingender,Mr.Benedict J. Clements,Mr.Gerd Schwartz
Women Work and the Economy Book PDF

Author : Ms.Katrin Elborgh-Woytek,Ms.Monique Newiak,Ms.Kalpana Kochhar,Ms.Stefania Fabrizio,Mr.Kangni R Kpodar,Mr.Philippe Wingender,Mr.Benedict J. Clements,Mr.Gerd Schwartz
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 42 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2013-12-01
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781484371244

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Women, Work, and the Economy by Ms.Katrin Elborgh-Woytek,Ms.Monique Newiak,Ms.Kalpana Kochhar,Ms.Stefania Fabrizio,Mr.Kangni R Kpodar,Mr.Philippe Wingender,Mr.Benedict J. Clements,Mr.Gerd Schwartz Pdf

The proposed SDN discusses the specific macro-critical aspects of women’s participation in the labor market and the constraints that prevent women from developing their full economic potential. Building on earlier Fund analysis, work undertaken by other organizations and academic research, the SDN presents possible policies to overcome these obstacles in different types of countries.

Gender Inequality and Economic Growth: Evidence from Industry-Level Data

Ata Can Bertay,Ljubica Dordevic,Can Sever
Gender Inequality and Economic Growth Evidence from Industry Level Data Book PDF

Author : Ata Can Bertay,Ljubica Dordevic,Can Sever
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 42 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2020-07-03
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781513546278

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Gender Inequality and Economic Growth: Evidence from Industry-Level Data by Ata Can Bertay,Ljubica Dordevic,Can Sever Pdf

We study whether higher gender equality facilitates economic growth by enabling better allocation of a valuable resource: female labor. By allocating female labor to its more productive use, we hypothesize that reducing gender inequality should disproportionately benefit industries with typically higher female share in their employment relative to other industries. Specifically, we exploit within-country variation across industries to test whether those that typically employ more women grow relatively faster in countries with ex-ante lower gender inequality. The test allows us to identify the causal effect of gender inequality on industry growth in value-added and labor productivity. Our findings show that gender inequality affects real economic outcomes.

The Economic Case for LGBT Equality

M. V. Lee Badgett
The Economic Case for LGBT Equality Book PDF

Author : M. V. Lee Badgett
Publisher : Beacon Press
Page : 250 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2020-05-19
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780807035603

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The Economic Case for LGBT Equality by M. V. Lee Badgett Pdf

An economist demonstrates how LGBT equality and inclusion within organizations increases their bottom line and allows for countries’ economies to flourish We know that homophobia harms LGBT individuals in many ways, but economist M. V. Lee Badgett argues that in addition to moral and human rights reasons for equality, we can now also make a financial argument. Finding that homophobia and transphobia cost 1% or more of a country’s GDP, Badgett expertly uses recent research and statistics to analyze how these hostile practices and environments affect both the US and global economies. LGBT equality remains a persistent and pertinent issue. The continued passing of discriminatory laws, people being fired from jobs for their sexual orientation and/or gender identity, harassment and bullying in school, violence and hate crimes on the streets, exclusion from intolerant families, and health effects of stigma all make it incredibly difficult to live a good life. Examining the consequences of anti-LGBT practices across multiple countries, including the US, Canada, the UK, Australia, India and the Philippines, Badgett reveals the expensive repercussions of hate and discrimination, and how our economy loses when we miss out on the full benefit of LGBT people’s potential contributions.

Social Justice and Gender Equality

Günseli Berik,Yana van der Meulen Rodgers,Ann Zammit
Social Justice and Gender Equality Book PDF

Author : Günseli Berik,Yana van der Meulen Rodgers,Ann Zammit
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 273 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2012-10-12
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781135911133

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Social Justice and Gender Equality by Günseli Berik,Yana van der Meulen Rodgers,Ann Zammit Pdf

The contributors to this edited volume explore the effects of various development strategies and associated macroeconomic policies on women’s well-being and progress towards gender equality. Detailed analyses of major UN reports on gender reveal the different approaches to assessing absolute and relative progress for women and the need to take into account the specifics of policy regimes when making such assessments. The book argues that neoliberal policies, especially the liberalization of trade and investment, make it difficult to close gender wage and earnings gaps, and new gender sensitive policies need to be devised. These and other issues are all examined in more detail in several gendered development histories of countries from Latin America and Asia.

Women's Economic Empowerment

Adam Bramm,Linda Jones
Women s Economic Empowerment Book PDF

Author : Adam Bramm,Linda Jones
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 220 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2019-10-15
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1788530284

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Women's Economic Empowerment by Adam Bramm,Linda Jones Pdf

Proven market systems approaches for women's economic empowerment, describing the circumstances under which each approach could be applied, and illustrated with examples and case studies. The goal of the book is to support and inspire long-term and dynamic change that is led by women and men, and is both gender-inclusive and gender-responsive.