Economic Inequality

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Income Inequality

Janet C. Gornick,Markus Jäntti
Income Inequality Book PDF

Author : Janet C. Gornick,Markus Jäntti
Publisher : Stanford University Press
Page : 541 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2014-08-01
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780804786751

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Income Inequality by Janet C. Gornick,Markus Jäntti Pdf

This state-of-the-art volume presents comparative, empirical research on a topic that has long preoccupied scholars, politicians, and everyday citizens: economic inequality. While income and wealth inequality across all populations is the primary focus, the contributions to this book pay special attention to the middle class, a segment often not addressed in inequality literature. Written by leading scholars in the field of economic inequality, all 17 chapters draw on microdata from the databases of LIS, an esteemed cross-national data center based in Luxembourg. Using LIS data to structure a comparative approach, the contributors paint a complex portrait of inequality across affluent countries at the beginning of the 21st century. The volume also trail-blazes new research into inequality in countries newly entering the LIS databases, including Japan, Iceland, India, and South Africa.

Meritocracy and Economic Inequality

Kenneth Arrow,Samuel Bowles,Steven N. Durlauf
Meritocracy and Economic Inequality Book PDF

Author : Kenneth Arrow,Samuel Bowles,Steven N. Durlauf
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 367 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2018-06-26
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780691190334

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Meritocracy and Economic Inequality by Kenneth Arrow,Samuel Bowles,Steven N. Durlauf Pdf

Most Americans strongly favor equality of opportunity if not outcome, but many are weary of poverty's seeming immunity to public policy. This helps to explain the recent attention paid to cultural and genetic explanations of persistent poverty, including claims that economic inequality is a function of intellectual ability, as well as more subtle depictions of the United States as a meritocracy where barriers to achievement are personal--either voluntary or inherited--rather than systemic. This volume of original essays by luminaries in the economic, social, and biological sciences, however, confirms mounting evidence that the connection between intelligence and inequality is surprisingly weak and demonstrates that targeted educational and economic reforms can reduce the income gap and improve the country's aggregate productivity and economic well-being. It also offers a novel agenda of equal access to valuable associations. Amartya Sen, John Roemer, Robert M. Hauser, Glenn Loury, Orley Ashenfelter, and others sift and analyze the latest arguments and quantitative findings on equality in order to explain how merit is and should be defined, how economic rewards are distributed, and how patterns of economic success persist across generations. Moving well beyond exploration, they draw specific conclusions that are bold yet empirically grounded, finding that schooling improves occupational success in ways unrelated to cognitive ability, that IQ is not a strong independent predictor of economic success, and that people's associations--their neighborhoods, working groups, and other social ties--significantly explain many of the poverty traps we observe. The optimistic message of this beautifully edited book is that important violations of equality of opportunity do exist but can be attenuated by policies that will serve the general economy. Policy makers will read with interest concrete suggestions for crafting economically beneficial anti-discrimination measures, enhancing educational and associational opportunity, and centering economic reforms in community-based institutions. Here is an example of some of our most brilliant social thinkers using the most advanced techniques that their disciplines have to offer to tackle an issue of great social importance.

Understanding Economic Inequality

Todd A. Knoop
Understanding Economic Inequality Book PDF

Author : Todd A. Knoop
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
Page : 264 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2020-01-31
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781788971607

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Understanding Economic Inequality by Todd A. Knoop Pdf

In Understanding Economic Inequality, the author brings an economist’s perspective informed by new, groundbreaking research on inequality from philosophy, sociology, psychology, and political science and presents it in a form that it is accessible to those who want to understand our world, our society, our politics, our paychecks, and our neighbors’ paychecks better.

Economic Inequality – Trends, Traps and Trade-offs

Medani P. Bhandari,Shvindina Hanna
Economic Inequality Trends Traps and Trade offs Book PDF

Author : Medani P. Bhandari,Shvindina Hanna
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 276 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2022-09-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781000796704

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Economic Inequality – Trends, Traps and Trade-offs by Medani P. Bhandari,Shvindina Hanna Pdf

The book “Economic Inequality – Trends, Traps and Trade-offs” presents the unexplored issues of economic inequality, including case studies of various countries. Inequality is a chronic divisive factor of society. It is well known that inequalities (such as economic, social, cultural, religious, geographical, etc.) have been omnipresent in human society. Inequalities can be found within each family, each community, and each nation and thus globally. Inequality is a major cause of political, economic, social instability, and creates crisis and conflict within society. A major cause of inequality is unequal, uneven, biased, power centric distributions of human economic, social, political, cultural and spiritual human necessities.The edited book examines the major parameters of the socio-economic issues of inequality and focuses on the key economic issues of inequality, namely, income and wealth distribution, equity & equality of outcome, and equality of opportunities. Economic inequality is measured by wealth, income dsiproportions in distribution and consumption patterns in a specific area. Mostly, inequality is measured using various statistical tools including the Gini Coefficient, inequality adjusted human development index, 20:20 ratio, Palma ratio, Hoover index, Galt score, Coefficient of variation, Theil index, wage share etc. However, not all income can be measured by these tools. By using case studies, this book encourages us to reframe economic development through the lens of growing inequalities and disparities. Economic growth per se is disproportional, and the efforts of scholars, practitioners and policymakers should be directed to empower the marginalized of society in a way that ‘no one should left behind’ (UN Slogan).

Varieties of Economic Inequality

Sebastiano Fadda,Pasquale Tridico
Varieties of Economic Inequality Book PDF

Author : Sebastiano Fadda,Pasquale Tridico
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 222 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2016-03-10
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781317402138

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Varieties of Economic Inequality by Sebastiano Fadda,Pasquale Tridico Pdf

Recently, the issue of inequality has regained attention in economic and political debates. Although this interest is welcome, the debate is still mostly focused on income or wealth distribution, which is an important aspect but does not present a complete view of inequality. Most of the theoretical and empirical studies produced by economists concern personal income distribution or factor income distribution. This is more evident in the studies of the evolution and characteristics of contemporary capitalism and globalization. Varieties of Economic Inequality considers both theoretical perspectives and empirical evidence of aspects such as income, gender, race, technology, power, region, education and class. Ultimately, this text rejects the idea of supposed long run constant factor shares, the positive effects of inequality and the greater importance of absolute level of income compared to its unequal distribution, and instead reveals the structural inequalities that exist within societies. This book advocates a move away from the focusing on inequality at the level of the individual and suggests policy for eradicating these various forms of inequality. It is suitable for those who study political economy, social inequality as well as economic theory and philosophy.

Economic Inequality and Income Distribution

D. G. Champernowne,F. A. Cowell
Economic Inequality and Income Distribution Book PDF

Author : D. G. Champernowne,F. A. Cowell
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 432 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0521589592

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Economic Inequality and Income Distribution by D. G. Champernowne,F. A. Cowell Pdf

Economic inequality has become a focus of prime interest for economic analysts and policy makers. This book provides an integrated approach to the topics of inequality and personal income distribution. It covers the practical and theoretical bases for inequality analysis, applications to real world problems and the foundations of theoretical approaches to income distribution. It also analyses models of the distribution of labour earnings and of income from wealth. The long-run development of income - and wealth - distribution over many generations is also examined. Special attention is given to an assessment of the merits and weaknesses of standard economic models, to illustrating the implications of distributional mechanisms using real data and illustrative examples, and to providing graphical interpretation of formal arguments. Examples are drawn from US, UK and international sources.

The Oxford Handbook of Economic Inequality

Wiemer Salverda,Brian Nolan,Timothy M. Smeeding
The Oxford Handbook of Economic Inequality Book PDF

Author : Wiemer Salverda,Brian Nolan,Timothy M. Smeeding
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 759 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2009-02-19
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780199231379

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The Oxford Handbook of Economic Inequality by Wiemer Salverda,Brian Nolan,Timothy M. Smeeding Pdf

Comprehensive analysis of economic inequality in developed countries. The contributors give their view on the state-of-the-art scientific research in their fields and add their own visions of future research.

Income Inequality

Matthew P. Drennan
Income Inequality Book PDF

Author : Matthew P. Drennan
Publisher : Yale University Press
Page : 168 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2015-11-24
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780300216349

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Income Inequality by Matthew P. Drennan Pdf

Prevailing economic theory attributes the 2008 crash and the Great Recession that followed to low interest rates, relaxed borrowing standards, and the housing price bubble. After careful analyses of statistical evidence, however, Matthew Drennan discovered that income inequality was the decisive factor behind the crisis. Pressured to keep up consumption in the face of flat or declining incomes, Americans leveraged their home equity to take on excessive debt. The collapse of the housing market left this debt unsupported, causing a domino effect throughout the economy. Drennan also found startling similarities in consumer behavior in the years leading to both the Great Depression and the Great Recession. Offering an economic explanation of a phenomenon described by prominent observers including Thomas Piketty, Jacob Hacker, Robert Kuttner, Paul Krugman, and Joseph Stiglitz, Drennan’s evenhanded analysis disproves dominant theories of consumption and draws much-needed attention to the persisting problem of income inequality.

Income Inequality

Brian Keeley,Oecd
Income Inequality Book PDF

Author : Brian Keeley,Oecd
Publisher : Org. for Economic Cooperation & Development
Page : 120 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2015-12-21
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9264246002

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Income Inequality by Brian Keeley,Oecd Pdf

Income inequality is rising. A quarter of a century ago, the average disposable income of the richest 10% in OECD countries was around seven times higher than that of the poorest 10%; today, it's around 9½ times higher. Why does this matter? Many fear this widening gap is hurting individuals, societies and even economies. This book explores income inequality across five main headings. It starts by explaining some key terms in the inequality debate. It then examines recent trends and explains why income inequality varies between countries. Next it looks at why income gaps are growing and, in particular, at the rise of the 1%. It then looks at the consequences, including research that suggests widening inequality could hurt economic growth. Finally, it examines policies for addressing inequality and making economies more inclusive.

Parental Priorities and Economic Inequality

Casey B. Mulligan
Parental Priorities and Economic Inequality Book PDF

Author : Casey B. Mulligan
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 402 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 1997
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0226548392

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Parental Priorities and Economic Inequality by Casey B. Mulligan Pdf

Focuses on intergenerational mobility, and intergenerational transmission of inequality.

Communities in Action

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on Community-Based Solutions to Promote Health Equity in the United States
Communities in Action Book PDF

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on Community-Based Solutions to Promote Health Equity in the United States
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 583 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2017-04-27
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309452960

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Communities in Action by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on Community-Based Solutions to Promote Health Equity in the United States Pdf

In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.

The Economics of Inequality

Thomas Piketty
The Economics of Inequality Book PDF

Author : Thomas Piketty
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 153 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2015-08-03
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780674504806

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The Economics of Inequality by Thomas Piketty Pdf

Succinct, accessible, and authoritative, Thomas Piketty’s The Economics of Inequality is the ideal place to start for those who want to understand the fundamental issues at the heart of one the most pressing concerns in contemporary economics and politics. This work now appears in English for the first time.

Urban Socio-Economic Segregation and Income Inequality

Maarten van Ham,Tiit Tammaru,Rūta Ubarevičienė,Heleen Janssen
Urban Socio Economic Segregation and Income Inequality Book PDF

Author : Maarten van Ham,Tiit Tammaru,Rūta Ubarevičienė,Heleen Janssen
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 520 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2021-03-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783030645694

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Urban Socio-Economic Segregation and Income Inequality by Maarten van Ham,Tiit Tammaru,Rūta Ubarevičienė,Heleen Janssen Pdf

This open access book investigates the link between income inequality and socio-economic residential segregation in 24 large urban regions in Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, and South America. It offers a unique global overview of segregation trends based on case studies by local author teams. The book shows important global trends in segregation, and proposes a Global Segregation Thesis. Rising inequalities lead to rising levels of socio-economic segregation almost everywhere in the world. Levels of inequality and segregation are higher in cities in lower income countries, but the growth in inequality and segregation is faster in cities in high-income countries. This is causing convergence of segregation trends. Professionalisation of the workforce is leading to changing residential patterns. High-income workers are moving to city centres or to attractive coastal areas and gated communities, while poverty is increasingly suburbanising. As a result, the urban geography of inequality changes faster and is more pronounced than changes in segregation levels. Rising levels of inequality and segregation pose huge challenges for the future social sustainability of cities, as cities are no longer places of opportunities for all.

Chance, Merit, and Economic Inequality

Joseph de la Torre Dwyer
Chance Merit and Economic Inequality Book PDF

Author : Joseph de la Torre Dwyer
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 248 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2019-09-11
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783030211264

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Chance, Merit, and Economic Inequality by Joseph de la Torre Dwyer Pdf

This book develops a novel approach to distributive justice by building a theory based on a concept of desert. As a work of applied political theory, it presents a simple but powerful theoretical argument and a detailed proposal to eliminate unmerited inequality, poverty, and economic immobility, speaking to the underlying moral principles of both progressives who already support egalitarian measures and also conservatives who have previously rejected egalitarianism on the grounds of individual freedom, personal responsibility, hard work, or economic efficiency. By using an agnostic, flexible, data-driven approach to isolate luck and ultimately measure desert, this proposal makes equal opportunity initiatives both more accurate and effective as it adapts to a changing economy. It grants to each individual the freedom to genuinely choose their place in the distribution. It provides two policy variations that are perfectly economically efficient, and two others that are conditionally so. It straightforwardly aligns outcomes with widely shared, fundamental moral intuitions. Lastly, it demonstrates much of the above by modeling four policy variations using 40 years of survey data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics.

Income Inequality

David Alan Green,William Craig Riddell,France St-Hilaire
Income Inequality Book PDF

Author : David Alan Green,William Craig Riddell,France St-Hilaire
Publisher : Art of the State
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0886453291

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Income Inequality by David Alan Green,William Craig Riddell,France St-Hilaire Pdf

"Rising income inequality has been at the forefront of public debate in Canada in recent years, yet there is still much to be learned about the economic forces driving the distribution of earnings and income in this country and how they might evolve in coming years. With research showing that the tax-and-transfer system is less effective than in the past in counteracting growing income disparities, the need for policy-makers to understand the factors at play is all the more urgent. The Institute for Research on Public Policy, in collaboration with the Canadian Labour Market and Skills Researcher Network, has gathered some of the country’s leading experts to provide new evidence on the causes and effects of rising income inequality in Canada and to consider the role of policy. Their research and analysis constitutes a comprehensive review of Canadian inequality trends in recent decades, including changing earnings and income dynamics among middle--class and top earners, wage and job polarization across provinces, and persistent poverty among vulnerable groups. The authors also examine the changing role of education and unionization, as well as the complex interplay of redistributive policies and politics, in order to propose new directions for policy. Amid growing anxieties about the economic prospects of the middle class, Income Inequality: The Canadian Story will inform the public discourse on this issue of central concern for all Canadians."--Publisher's website.